Cell compartmentation. Medical search. Frequent questions

Unidirectional fluxes and subcellular compartmentation of Zn were investigated through radiotracer flux analyses. (lu.se)

The aim of this study to show the importance of salt intracellular compartmentation as a tolerance mechanism by inhibition of Na + /H + antiporter system. (scialert.net)

Mammalian cells are one of the two types of eukaryotic cells, in which contains many internal membrane bounded structures called organelles, they are separated into different groups in order to increase their efficiency at bringing out particular function, and this is called compartmentalization, however there is processes that requires different organelles working together in order to take place, such as respiration (involves the cytoplasm and mitochondria) and Protein Synthesis (Nucleus, Ribosomes). (markedbyteachers.com)
Mammalian cells are different to Plant cells (which are also eukaryotic), they do not have a cellulose cell wall, and they are bounded by only plasma membrane, so they are sensitive to Osmotic lysis (the bursting or rupturing of the plasma membrane due to osmotic movement of water into the cell when the cell is in a hypotonic environment. (markedbyteachers.com)
All mammalian cells are eukaryotic, and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals, mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. (love-pet.net)
J. Niklas E. Heinzle Metabolic Flux Analysis in Systems Biology of Mammalian Cells. (fz-juelich.de)

PL: nuclei) is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Eukaryotic cells usually have a single nucleus, but a few cell types, such as mammalian red blood cells, have no nuclei, and a few others including osteoclasts have many. (wikipedia.org)
5) The origin of eukaryotic cells I. The nucleocytoplasm. (elte.hu)
6) The origin of eukaryotic cells II. (elte.hu)
Eukaryotic cells (from the Greek meaning truly nuclear) can be easily distinguished through a membrane-bound nucleus. (markedbyteachers.com)
20. Melchers, F.: Biochemical characterization of immunoglobulin-producing B-lymphocytes at different stages of their differentiation.In: 'Regulation of Growth and Differentiated Function in Eukaryotic Cells,' eds. (uni-mainz.de)

For this reason, the first function of any cell is to prevent the permanent threat of disintegration that is described by thermodynamic laws and to preserve highly ordered cell characteristics such as structures, the cell cycle, or metabolism. (frontiersin.org)

Ribosomes exist within the cell as free ribosomes that free floats within the cytoplasm or fixed ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (markedbyteachers.com)

The cell nucleus contains nearly all of the cell's genome. (wikipedia.org)
The nucleus maintains the integrity of genes and controls the activities of the cell by regulating gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
The nuclear envelope separates the fluid inside the nucleus, called the nucleoplasm, from the rest of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
The size of the nucleus is correlated to the size of the cell, and this ratio is reported across a range of cell types and species. (wikipedia.org)
In eukaryotes the nucleus in many cells typically occupies 10% of the cell volume. (wikipedia.org)
178 The nucleus is the largest organelle in animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
12 In human cells, the diameter of the nucleus is approximately six micrometres (µm). (wikipedia.org)
649 Together, these membranes serve to separate the cell's genetic material from the rest of the cell contents, and allow the nucleus to maintain an environment distinct from the rest of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
it contains the DNA information (chromosomes) of the cell and is the site where DNA replication and RNA transcription take place, while the nucleolus is located in the centre of the nucleus containing ribosomes in various stages of synthesis, the nucleolus is also responsible for the manufacture of the ribosomes. (markedbyteachers.com)
However, little is known about how co-regulated genes are organized in the cell nucleus and how the chromosomal organization facilitates the co-regulation of different genes. (utmb.edu)

The genes within these chromosomes are structured in such a way to promote cell function. (wikipedia.org)
This type of large-scale chromosomal organization may provide a mechanism for functional compartmentation of chromosomes to facilitate the transcriptional coordination of gene expression. (utmb.edu)

In addition, the mechanism behind how GML mediates suppressed T cell activation is completely unknown. (nature.com)
CRC cells were treated with the combination of SLC7A11 and ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to confirm the mechanism. (bvsalud.org)
Compartmentation via filamentation has recently emerged as a novel mechanism for metabolic regulation. (ox.ac.uk)

A further six years of postdoctoral research at the University of Manchester allowed me to advance my research skills and to tackle fundamental questions about how proteins are organised within cells. (shu.ac.uk)
Our common theme is investigating how proteins and RNA are delivered to their correct destination within cells, a universal process that can result in disease when it malfunctions. (shu.ac.uk)
Golgi apparatus is the site where proteins produced by the ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum further packaged and modified before releasing out of the cell through exocytosis. (markedbyteachers.com)
Those factors may include receptor species orthologs, receptor dimerization, receptor density, gylcosylation, the presence of specific G-protein heterotrimers, RGS-proteins and arrestins, compartmentation of signalling proteins and lipid composition of the membrane, to name a few factors. (aspetjournals.org)
As stated by Dr. Thurmond, it is very important to watch out for potential functional selectivity of JNJ7777120 in native cells that express signalling proteins at physiologically relevant concentrations. (aspetjournals.org)
The Escherichia coli cell division proteins FtsY, FtsE and FtsX are inner membrane-associated. (ox.ac.uk)

1 Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, and Genes and Development Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada. (nih.gov)
In: 'Regulation of the Immune System: Genes and the Cells in which They Function,' Vol. VI, eds. (uni-mainz.de)
However, few studies focus on the analysis of primary cells, although in humans, many diseases are associated with polymorphisms of autophagic genes. (cfatg.org)
The cell division genes ftsY, ftsE and ftsX form an operon mapping at 76 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome. (ox.ac.uk)

In plant cells, polyamines are synthesized in plastids and cytosol. (consensus.app)

GML treated T cells have decreased cellular proliferation when stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate (PMA), concanavalin A (ConA), and Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 (TSST-1) 13 . (nature.com)
The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line Cancer Cell International. (nottingham.ac.uk)
Since 1858, when Rudolf Virchow formulated the idea that cancer cells are the body's own cells ( Virchow, 1858 ), many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of cancer cells and how they develop such a heterogenetic morphology, increased proliferation, metastatic capacity, and invasive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
In: 'Control of Proliferation in Animal Cells', Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, pp. 393-410, 1974. (uni-mainz.de)

Genomics and Systems Biology of Mammalian Cell Culture [E-Book] / edited by Wei Shou Hu, An-Ping Zeng. (fz-juelich.de)

Methods The transcriptional and protein levels of ALKBH5 and solute carrier family 7 members 11 (SLC7A11) in tissues and cells were determined by qRT-PCR and Western blot assay. (bvsalud.org)

Our data reveal that the widely used anti-microbial agent GML also alters the lipid dynamics of human T cells, leading to their defective signaling and function. (nature.com)

J Cell Biol. (umassmed.edu)

In this study, we have mechanistically examined if GML affects the signaling and functional output of human primary T cells. (nature.com)

We first examined whether GML treatment affected T cell viability. (nature.com)
HCT116 and SW620 cells were transfected with ALKBH5 overexpression vectors to determine cell viability and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Fe+, glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase 4 using cell counting kit-8, colony formation, fluorescence probe, assay kits, and Western blot assay. (bvsalud.org)
Polyamines are nitrogenous compounds found in all eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells and absolutely essential for cell viability. (consensus.app)

Protocells and minimal cells. (elte.hu)
Several (unsuccessful) attempts to build cell-like systems of minimal complexity fill the annals of science ( Hanczyc, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)

Fluorescence imaging was used to support the subcellular Zn compartmentation. (lu.se)

In particular, zebrin II, a polypeptide antigen identified as aldolase C, is restricted to a subset of Purkinje cells that form a symmetrical and reproducible array of zones and stripes. (nih.gov)
Although the somata of most Purkinje cells in the Macaca cerebellum express zebrin II, parasagittal stripes can still be delineated owing to the alternating high and low zebrin II immunoreactivity in the dendrites. (nih.gov)
small glial cells only have about a few hundred, with large Purkinje cells having around 20,000. (wikipedia.org)

8. Melchers, F.: Biosynthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in plasma cells. (uni-mainz.de)
11. Melchers, F.: Synthesis, transport and secretion of immunoglobulin in lymphoid cells. (uni-mainz.de)
U. Jandt A.-P. Zeng Modeling of Intracellular Transport and Compartmentation. (fz-juelich.de)
This biosynthetic compartmentation indicates that the specific transporters are essential to transport polyamines between the cellular compartments. (consensus.app)

It is also possible that long-term exposure of cells/animals to JNJ7777120 yields very different effects than short-term exposure, and this could be due to differential blockade/activation of signalling pathways. (aspetjournals.org)
After 2 h of exposure to 200 μM Zn, significantly more Zn was accumulated in Zn-sensitive isolates compared to tolerant isolates, despite similar short-term uptake kinetics and similar extracellular Zn sequestration in cell walls. (lu.se)

As an example, we demonstrate that the best cooling approach for the 4680 tabless cell is base cooling, while for the 2170 LG M50T cell it is side cooling. (imperial.ac.uk)

An abnormal arrangement of collagen structures in the tissue [4] and/or compartmentation of the fat tissue through fibrose septae. (scirp.org)

Develop a biological knowledge base common to contemporary biologists, encompassing microscopy, cell structure, cellular membranes, and nucleic acids biology. (uaeu.ac.ae)
Transient expression assays in onion epidermal cells and rice protoplasts failed to localize to a cellular compartment. (consensus.app)

Culture of forebrain neurons was unusually simple and reliable, and some of these cells undergo early events of axonal-dendritic polarity. (biologists.com)
Neurite outgrowth can be initiated de novo by experimental application of tension to the cell margin of forebrain neurons placed into culture 8-12 hours earlier, prior to spontaneous neurite outgrowth. (biologists.com)
In the brain, SLC transporters are involved in transporting various solutes across the blood-brain barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, astrocytes, neurons, and other brain cell types including oligodendrocytes and microglial cells. (bvsalud.org)

The present study was conducted to analyze the role of alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5) in the ferroptosis of CRC cells and provide novel targets for CRC treatment. (bvsalud.org)

were able to show that the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria into highly malignant breast cancer cells could reverse malignancy and down-regulate several oncogenic pathways such as invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and others. (frontiersin.org)

which can be considered a sort of foundational paper for (or even the manifesto of) the modern approaches for constructing living artificial cells from scratch. (frontiersin.org)
Autopoiesis thus becomes a convenient and elegant theoretical framework to guide the variegate experimental efforts to fabricate synthetic (artificial) cells (SCs/ACs), especially with respect to studies oriented at the origins and emergence of life. (frontiersin.org)

In this essay I would like to talk about the compartmentalisation of the cell and some important processes happen within the cell that requires the corporation of different organelles. (markedbyteachers.com)
M. Castro-Melchor H. Le W.-S. Hu Transcriptome Data Analysis for Cell Culture Processes. (fz-juelich.de)

Application of Si to plants promotes cell walls strength and provides additional support through increased mechanical and biochemical support. (researchsquare.com)

As a consequence, the model identifies the reason for the tabless cell's release: the thermal performance of the 4680 tabless cell can be no worse than that of the 2170 cell, while the 4680 tabless tab cell boasts 5.4 times the energy and 6.9 times the power. (imperial.ac.uk)

Most attempts to reproduce realistic cell level degradation based upon a lumped model (i.e. no thermal gradients) have suffered from significant overfitting, leading to incorrect conclusions on the rate of degradation. (imperial.ac.uk)

However, no studies have comprehensively examined the effects of TCR-mediated T cell activation or identified potential mechanisms for the effects of GML on TCR-mediated T cell activation. (nature.com)
Viroid trafficking in plant cells: determining the mechanisms of RNA import into the chloroplast, which is a crucial step in the lifecycle of viroids. (shu.ac.uk)
Our work elucidates the comprehensive mechanisms how the hot topic 'tabless design' improves the performance of 4680 cell and makes any larger format cell possible while current commercial cylindrical cells cannot be simply scaled up to satisfy power and thermal performance. (imperial.ac.uk)

The data suggest that cerebellar compartmentation in Tupaia belangeri more closely resembles that of primates than it does rodents or lagomorphs. (nih.gov)
These studies suggest that GML potentially alters T cell activation. (nature.com)

To gain insight into the evolution of cerebellar compartmentation, the pattern of zebrin II expression has been compared between the primate Macaca mulatta and the tree shrew Tupaia belangeri, and the results related to previous findings from other species. (nih.gov)

Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)

Possibly, 1 day, one of these cells will show an autonomous and aggressive behavior-it will be a cancer cell. (frontiersin.org)

Large format 4680 cylindrical cells have become popular after Tesla filed a patent. (imperial.ac.uk)
Finally, via the model, a procedure is proposed for choosing the thermal management for large format cylindrical cell for maximum performance. (imperial.ac.uk)
We conclude that any viable large format cylindrical cell must include a continuous tab (or 'tabless') design and be cooled through its base when in a pack. (imperial.ac.uk)

Each of these three categories is equally important to the cell and they are reciprocally dependent. (frontiersin.org)

We seek to understand the molecular connections between autophagy and antigen presentation and to measure their impact on the diversity of the presentation, especially in the context of self antigens (those of the cell), and non-self antigens (those from pathogens). (cfatg.org)

The major theme will be devoted to describe and analyze the molecules of life, light microscopy, fine cell structure and function, cell membranes structure and function, cell division and staining procedures. (uaeu.ac.ae)

Tan O, Chopra V, Lu AT, Schuman JS, Ishikawa H, Wollstein G, Varma R, Huang D (2009) Detection of macular ganglion cell loss in glaucoma by Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. (springer.com)
IF/ICC: For immunofluorescence detection of cell samples. (affbiotech.com)

In this work, we create a model of a 4680 cylindrical cell, and use it to study different thermal management options. (imperial.ac.uk)
We seek to standardize the study of autophagy in immune cells from healthy donors to better understand autophagy failures under pathological conditions. (cfatg.org)

The powerful quantitative metabolomics-fluxomics approach will help our ability to engineer unicellular and multicellular organisms evolve from trial-and-error to a more predictable process, and from cells to organ and organisms. (mdpi.com)
In the latter case, they enter into a self-driven adaptive and evolutionary process that generates a progression of disordered cells and that results in a broad spectrum of progeny with different characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
These results are in agreement with the hypothesis that FtsE may act at the inner membrane, in a "septalsome" complex, by coupling ATP hydrolysis to the process of bacterial cell division. (ox.ac.uk)

However, potential pathogens were also previously detected on seaweed thalli and include microorganisms capable of degrading cell wall polysaccharides ( 5 - 7 ). (asm.org)

Z. P. Gerdtzen Modeling Metabolic Networks for Mammalian Cell Systems: General Considerations, Model. (fz-juelich.de)

If these cells are to become widely used, then understanding how to thermally manage them is essential. (imperial.ac.uk)

To directly address these questions, we mechanistically characterized how GML affects human primary T cell activation. (nature.com)

Anatomy27

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs55

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Subcellular Compartmentation1

Intracellular compartmentation1

MAMMALIAN CELLS4

Eukaryotic cells6

Metabolism1

Cytoplasm1

Nucleus10

Chromosomes2

Mechanism3

Proteins6

Genes4

Plastids1

Proliferation4

Genomics1

Tissues1

Lipid1

Biol1

Functional1

Viability3

Minimal2

Fluorescence1

Purkinje3

Transport4

Exposure2

Demonstrate1

Structures1

Cellular2

Neurons3

Role1

Mitochondria1

Artificial2

Processes2

Walls1

Cell's1

Attempts1

Mechanisms3

Suggest2

Species1

Regulation1

Possibly1

Large3

Important1

Context1

Molecules1

Detection2

Study2

Process3

Wall1

Model1

Essential1

Human primary1