Cell cell apoptotic programmed cell cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Capsid gene delivery into the striatum of mouse brain or interskeletal muscle resulted in cell death and inflammation, likely through capsid-induced apoptosis in vivo. (cdc.gov)
We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
In vitro apoptosis in individual cells was determined by terminal desoxyriboxyl-desoxyriboxyl transferase-mediated DVTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay with the In Situ Cell Death Assay Kit (Roche Diagnostic Corp., Indianapolis, IN) and visualized by fluorescent microscopy. (cdc.gov)
The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
it inhibits cell migration, reduces the ability to form colonies and induces apoptosis or programmed cell death through the modulation of other key genes (p53, caspase-3, c-PARP) and various apoptotic factors," says Maurizio Battino, coordinator of the research. (agenciasinc.es)
It also suppresses the receptor of the epidermal growth factor called EGFR/HER2 and its signalling pathways, which could be an attractive target in cancer therapies because of their important role in the processes of cell survival and proliferation, as well as in those of apoptosis and metastasis. (agenciasinc.es)
Conclusions These findings ascertained an conversation between p53, c-myc, p21, p27, Bcl-2, PI3K/Akt pathway, and CF-induced apoptosis in MSTO-211H and HCT-116 cells, suggesting that CF acts as an important regulator of cell growth in human malignancy cell lines. (bioinf.org)
Many physiological processes, including proper tissue development and homeostasis, require a balance between apoptosis and cell 123653-11-2 manufacture proliferation. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis (programmed cell death) occurs in a wide variety of physiological NIK settings, where its role is to remove harmful, damaged or unwanted cells. (bioinf.org)
Apoptosis and cell proliferation are linked by cell-cycle regulators and apoptotic stimuli that affect both processes. (bioinf.org)
A failure in regulating proliferation together with suppression of apoptosis are the 123653-11-2 manufacture minimal requirements for a cell to become cancerous [4]. (bioinf.org)
Expression of cell cycle inhibitors, P21 and P27, and activation of apoptosis executer enzyme, caspase-3, were also induced by TCEE. (hindawi.com)
This TCEE also demonstrates antitumor properties such as the induction of cell cycle arrest and activation of apoptosis on human colon, lung, melanoma, osteosarcoma, and pancreatic cancer cells [ 16 - 19 ]. (hindawi.com)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
To investigate the mechanism of EESR-mediated cytotoxicity, HT29 cells were treated with various concentrations of EESR and the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and Western blot analysis. (jcpjournal.org)
EESR-induced apoptosis was associated with the upregulation of p53, a death receptor Fas, and a pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the activation of caspase 3, 8, and 9, resulting in the degradation of PARP. (jcpjournal.org)
EESR possessing antioxidant activity efficiently inhibits proliferation of HT29 cells by inducing both cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
Cancer cells can grow unusually via limitless number of cell division and can avoid apoptosis. (jcpjournal.org)
6 , 7 Therefore, the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis is being an important preventive strategy against cancer. (jcpjournal.org)
Cell cycle analysis showed a significant increase in the accumulation of KSO-SFE-treated cells at sub-G1 phase, indicating the induction of apoptosis by KSO-SFE. (hindawi.com)
The tumour suppressor p53 inhibits cell growth through activation of cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis, and most cancers have either mutation within the p53 gene or defects in the ability to induce p53. (nih.gov)
Activation or re-introduction of p53 induces apoptosis in many tumour cells and may provide effective cancer therapy. (nih.gov)
One of the key proteins that modulates the apoptotic response is NF-kappaB, a transcription factor that can protect or contribute to apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Inhibition or loss of NF-kappaB activity abrogated p53-induced apoptosis, indicating that NF-kappaB is essential in p53-mediated cell death. (nih.gov)
The DNA damage response (DDR) is a mechanism that protects cells against radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage by causing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
On the other hand, both the ectopic and entopic expression of ΔNp63α in apoptosis-sensitive hiPSCs reduced the expression levels of BAX after irradiation and significantly decreased the number of apoptotic cells induced by radiation. (researchsquare.com)
Ionizing radiation is well known to induce oxidative DNA damage, such as DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and consequently trigger the DNA damage response (DDR), including cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (researchsquare.com)
Apoptosis or programmed cell death is a cellular mechanism used to regulate cell number and eliminate damaged or mutated cells. (eurekaselect.com)
These ncRNAs can alter the expression of genes involved in cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, leading to the development and progression of CTCL. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, we characterized a novel apoptosis-inducing activity of EMB against CTCL cells, implicating EMB as a potential therapeutic agent against CTCL. (bvsalud.org)
We observed "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were both enriched in the two breast cancer models while "IGF signaling" and "cell motility" pathways were enriched in BT474 and "amino acid metabolism" were enriched in the SKBR3 cell line. (biomedcentral.com)
While "protein ubiquitination" and "apoptosis signaling" pathways were common to both the cell lines, the observed patterns of protein expression suggest that the evasion of apoptosis in each tumorigenic cell line occurs via different mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Right here we have evaluated the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis in the framework of tumor cell-selective eradication Paeoniflorin of melanoma cells. (immune-source.com)
Apoptosis is one of the main types of programmed cell death, proceeding in an ordered process that generally confers advantages during an organism´s life cycle. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
Androgen deprivation therapy induces apoptosis or cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. (oncotarget.com)
Using constructs downregulating or overexpressing MCL1 we demonstrate that expression of MCL1 prevents induction of apoptosis when PCa cells are grown under steroid-deprived conditions. (oncotarget.com)
The BH3-mimetic Obatoclax induces apoptosis and decreases MCL1 expression in androgen-sensitive PCa cells, while castration-resistant PCa cells are less sensitive and react with an upregulation of MCL1 expression. (oncotarget.com)
p53 is a tumor suppressor that has a central role in regulating cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, and apoptosis. (novusbio.com)
An understanding of mechanism by which Eag and HERG channels affect cell proliferation in ovarian cancer cells is required and therefore we investigated their role in cell proliferation and their effect on the cell cycle and apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. (derby.ac.uk)
We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
Our results demonstrate that the p.Pro326Leu mutation induces RGC-5 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis with a decreased BcL-XL. (aging-us.com)
In animals, morphological distinctions have since been used to distinguish different types of cell deaths, including apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
Primarily, the aim of anti-cell death in animals is to describe the processes of autophagy and apoptosis, while necrosis is the mechanism for defining the uncontrollable or chaotic mode of death. (essaywriter.org)
Majority of the literature and experiments in the field of programmed cell death in plants draw heavily on comparative analysis retrieved from paradigms of animal systems such as apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. (essaywriter.org)
The apoptotic processes target the endothelial cells (inner lining of body organs) of the vascular structure resulting in triggered coagulopathy and the ultimate result of increased D-dimer,' says NCBI and further explained that Apoptosis is a programmed cell death and has a critical role in the life cycle of viruses. (odishatv.in)
In this area, our recent research has included studying cutaneous shave biopsies for diagnosing primary colonic adenocarcinoma as well as growth inhibition and apoptosis in human brain tumor cell lines using selenium. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
In the later generations, when telomeres are short, cells die via apoptosis or senescence. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Apoptosis and other forms of cell death are required for trimming excess, expired and damaged cells. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
The process of systemically destroying damaged cell is called apoptosis and is signaled for and controlled by apoptotic proteins. (lumminary.com)
BL cell lines are derived from centroblasts differentiating within GCs and are highly sensitive to TGF- -induced apoptosis (23, 79, 89). (glucagon-receptor.com)
Cell viability was analyzed three h later by 7-AADAnnexin V staining as described for panel A. The percentage of GFP-expressing cells in late apoptosis was then plotted. (glucagon-receptor.com)
In the present study we investigated the efficacy of Organic extracts of Nigella sativa seed powder for its clonogenic inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cancer cell. (biomedcentral.com)
All three extracts induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Apoptosis an active physiological process resulting in cellular self-destruction of unwanted cells is absent in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Students of apoptosis and other types of cell death hypothesize that virtually all cells are genetically programmed to self-destruct. (nhbs.com)
S.W. Sherwood and R.T. Schimke, Cell Cycle Analysis of Apoptosis Using Flow Cytometry. (nhbs.com)
A.J. McGahon, S.J. Martin, R.P. Bissonnette, A. Mahboubi, Y. Shi, R.J. Mogil, W.K. Nishioka, and D.R. Green, The End of the (Cell) Line: Methods for the Study of Apoptosis In Vitro. (nhbs.com)
Our study revealed that Ang II influences EC cells in terms of cancer-related processes, and is responsible for increased proliferation, reduction in apoptosis, increased mobility and modulation of adhesion potential. (spandidos-publications.com)
Normally, these cells are eliminated by apoptosis. (medscape.com)

A rather surprising property of Daxx is its anti-apoptotic function. (wikipedia.org)
Two main DNA damage responses include the activation of the anti-apoptotic transcription factor NF-κB and the activation of cell cycle checkpoint kinases. (eurekaselect.com)
2007 Xie and Klionsky 2007 Provided these pro- and anti-apoptotic assignments of autophagy it really is unclear whether the program is actually a practical focus on for drug advancement (Kroemer and Levine 2008 Rubinsztein et al. (immune-source.com)
It's also capable of prolonging the anagen phase or the growth phase of the hair growth cycle and of regulating anti-apoptotic (anti-programmed cell death) mediators. (facemedstore.com)
We have shown that anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins can be converted into killer molecules (Science 278:1966-8, 1997), that Bcl-2 family proteins interact with regulators of caspases and regulators of cell cycle check point activation (Molecular Cell 6:31-40, 2000). (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Western Blot and TUNEL results suggested that Nigella sativa seed extracts regulated the expression of pro- and anti- apoptotic genes, indicating its possible development as a potential therapeutic agent for cervical cancer upon further investigation. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Insulin-like growth factor-II and heparin are anti-apoptotic survival factors in human villous cytotrophoblast. (mdx.ac.uk)

In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
Two proteins involved intimately in regulating cell proliferation are Akt and the tumor suppressor p53 (p53). (bioinf.org)
After irradiation, the expression of DDR-related genes and proteins in ΔNp63α-expressing and control cells was analysed by RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and flow cytometry. (researchsquare.com)
A proteomic workflow was used to identify proteins in two HER2 positive tumorigenic cell lines (BT474 and SKBR3) that were differentially expressed relative to a normal human mammary epithelial cell line (184A1). (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway inference tools were used to interpret these proteins in terms of functionally enriched pathways in the tumor cell lines. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to its role as a transcription factor, p53 functions in the cytoplasm to regulate the activity of apoptotic pathway proteins such as BAX, BAK , and BCL-2 (2). (novusbio.com)
Although the mechanisms are still unclear, p53 is thought to regulate these apoptotic proteins through direct interaction (2). (novusbio.com)
The fact that cycloheximide delays tepal senescence demonstrates the synthesis of particular proteins probably enzymes, responsible for degradation of cellular constituents, executes the cell death programme in flower tepals. (scialert.net)
Of particular interest to our group are the mechanisms by which Bcl-2 family proteins and other factors regulate programmed cell death, particularly in the nervous system, in cancer and in virus infections. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
We have reported that many insults can trigger cells to activate a cellular death pathway (Nature, 361:739-742, 1993), that several viruses encode proteins to block attempted cell suicide (Proc. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
EGCG interacts with important cell cycle regulatory proteins, such as cyclins D1 and E and their cyclin-dependent kinases 2,4 and 6. (lumminary.com)
EGCG has also been shown to interact with apoptotic proteins such as Caspase 3, 7 and 8. (lumminary.com)
Our results indicate that several dozens of proteins for each cell type, are PE-lipoxidated in HT-22, MLE, and H9c2 cells and M2 macrophages after they were induced to undergo ferroptosis. (cdc.gov)
Pretreatment of cells with the strong nucleophile, 2-mercaptoethanol, prevented the formation of PE-lipoxidated proteins and blocked ferroptotic death. (cdc.gov)

Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
When unreplicated or damaged DNA is present, cell cycle checkpoint pathways cause cell cycle arrest by inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks). (vt.edu)
One goal of this work is to understand the developmental role and regulation of checkpoint signaling pathways due to its monitoring of DNA integrity within the cell. (vt.edu)
Our results suggested that flufenoxuron inhibits cell development and cell cycle progression in porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cell and porcine endometrial luminal epithelial (pLE) cell lines through the repression of signal transduction pathways. (korea.ac.kr)
Many chemotherapeutic agents and ionizing radiation induce not only apoptotic signaling pathways, but also survival responses such as DNA damage responses and cell cycle arrest, which allow for DNA repair. (eurekaselect.com)
The main aim of this paper is to review the pathways that lead to cell death in plants with a purpose of identifying the anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
Therefore, many genetically programmed cell suicide pathways have evolved to promote long-term survival of species from yeast to humans. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
EGCG is especially important and active in many essential cellular pathways including the cell cycle. (lumminary.com)

Treatment with honey stops the tumour cells cycle by regulating some genes (cyclin D1, CDK2, p27Kip. (agenciasinc.es)
Transcriptomic analysis showed decreased RNA expression of cell cycle-related genes and increased expression of programmed cell death-related genes in sip63 cells compared to scr cells. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, there is need for fundamental distinction between the different types and functions of genes that are involved in anti-cell death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
At the end of the discussion, significant insights will be developed to paint a picture of the emerging trends in plant development with respect to the topical research on anti-cell death genes. (essaywriter.org)
The dominant discovery in these experiments indicates that there is a heterologous expression of certain genes in plants that can regulate cell death. (essaywriter.org)
A) Luciferase reporter genes were determined in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells co-transfected with Glutaminase-IN-1 different concentrations of reporter and myc-ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)
Only two Bcl-2 family genes have been found in Drosophila melanogaster including the pro-cell survival, human Bok-related orthologue, Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
B.A. Osborne, S.W. Smith, Z.-G. Liu, K.A. McLaughlin, and L.M. Schwartz, Transient Transfection Assays to Examine the Requirement of Putative Cell Death Genes. (nhbs.com)
We also showed that dose-dependent induction of proliferation was connected with changes in the expression of MKI67, CCND1 and CCNE1 genes in well- and poorly differentiated cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
After Ang II treatment, poorly differentiated endometrial cancer cell line acquired a mesenchymal phenotype, which was characterized by induced expression of EMT-related genes (VIM, CD44, SNAI1, ZEB1 and ZEB2). (spandidos-publications.com)
Recently, a number of studies have shown that Ang II plays an important role in proliferation, invasiveness and migration of tumour cells, alteration of expression of cancer-related genes, as well as in physiological tissue remodelling. (spandidos-publications.com)
Moreover, we examined alterations in the expression of genes related to cancer cell behaviour after Ang II treatment. (spandidos-publications.com)

2008 Whether melanoma cells possess other receptors of viral pathogens that may be involved to induce autophagy and cell loss of life is unknown. (immune-source.com)
Evidences are rising about the ability of some copper compounds to induce alternative non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death. (gla.ac.uk)
Furthermore, Chaga has been found to induce autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, suggesting that it may have potential as an adjuvant therapy for cancer treatment. (chagamushrooms.net)

Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis revealed an increase in apoptotic cells and a decrease in 5-ethynyl-2´-deoxyuridine uptake in sip63 cells compared to scr cells. (researchsquare.com)
A significant increase in apoptotic lymphocytes was noted between the second and seventh measuring points. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)

However, the ability of HPV-infected cells to resist apoptotic signals renders such therapies ineffective. (mdpi.com)
Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Whereas damage signals of cells activate p53 via CHK2 to repair damaged DNA, leading to cell cycle arrest. (jcpjournal.org)
Flufenoxuron induced programmed cell death through DNA fragmentation and apoptotic signals. (korea.ac.kr)
The scientific relevance of macroautophagy -herein known as autophagy for simpleness- is due to its potential to safeguard cells against a number of intracellular and extracellular tension signals and favour tumor advancement (Mathew et al. (immune-source.com)
Beside other apoptotic signals in lymphocyte injury, the decrease of mitochondrial transmembrane potential is regarded as the earliest and non-reversible. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
p53 integrates a variety of signals and allows cells to respond in a manner that is highly dependent on cellular context (2). (novusbio.com)
Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
Other factors have since been linked with the decision by plant cells to activate cell death, including cell survival signals, stress signals, developmental cues, pathogen recognition and metabolic state. (essaywriter.org)
For example, neuronal cell death after stroke or in several neurodegenerative disorders likely occurs via programmed cell death responding to cellular stress signals. (the-scientist.com)

We report that the WNV-capsid (Cp) by itself induces rapid nuclear condensation and cell death in tissue culture. (cdc.gov)
confirmed an apoptotic death for both cell lines. (bioinf.org)
CF treatment on leukemia cell lines induces cell death due to apoptotic mechanisms and altering 123653-11-2 manufacture cell metabolism through HIF-1 and GLUT-1 regulation [3]. (bioinf.org)
The protein serine/threonine kinase Akt (also known as protein kinase B or PKB) plays an important role in averting cell death. (bioinf.org)
The p53 protein is a transcription factor that normally inhibits cell growth and stimulates cell death in response to myriad stressors, including DNA damage (induced by either UV or chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide), oxidative stress, and deregulated oncogene expression [6-10]. (bioinf.org)
This pathway normally regulates stress-induced cell death. (wikipedia.org)
It is also essential for development of nerval system by programmed cell death. (wikipedia.org)
TGF-β regulates a variety of different cellular developmental processes including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. (wikipedia.org)
Another important cell death-property of Daxx is the association with PML-NB. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibition of MEK1 blocked activation of NF-kappaB by p53 and completely abrogated p53-induced cell death. (nih.gov)
Cancer cells exhibit a number of common traits that differentiate themselves from normal cells, including sustained proliferative signaling, resisting cell death, and evading growth suppressors [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
p53 can control diverse transcriptional programs to regulate senescence and cell death programs as well as cellular metabolism (2). (novusbio.com)
It has generally been described that the toxic effects of copper complexes leads to cell death either by necrosis or through the activation of the apoptotic process. (gla.ac.uk)
The role of Eag and HERG channels in cell proliferation and apoptotic cell death in SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cell line. (derby.ac.uk)
The voltage gated potassium (K+) channels Eag and HERG have been implicated in the pathogenesis of various cancers, through association with cell cycle changes and programmed cell death. (derby.ac.uk)
We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
However, we found some cancer cells induced cell death after glucose deprivation along with a decrease of ATP production. (mdpi.com)
Glucose deprivation-induced cell death in GSC by more than twofold after 12 h and by up to tenfold after 24 h accompanied by decreased ATP production to compare to the control (cultured in glucose). (mdpi.com)
Anti-cell death is a technique adopted by multi-cellular organisms as a defensive and developmental mechanism (Franklin-Tong and Gourlay, pg 390). (essaywriter.org)
The term anti-cell death is used extensively to describe the observed instances of death in plants. (essaywriter.org)
Evidently, it has been established from the above outline that cell death plays a pivotal role in the innate responses in both animals and plants. (essaywriter.org)
Additionally, this discussion expands its mandate by analyzing the function and regulation of anti-cell death in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Using relevant sources of literature, the paper delivers a systematic analysis of fascinating analogies between cell death and plant development with respect to the primary functions of cell death as stipulated in the introductory outline of the discussion. (essaywriter.org)
There have been several attempts to analyze the concept of cell death in plants since the experimental demonstrations in studies conducted in the 1980s and the 1990s with the aim of dissecting the programmed nature of plant cell death (Xinqiang and Hong, pg 354). (essaywriter.org)
Since this discovery, the field of plant programmed cell death has continued to grow, with maturity depicted in studies aimed at distinguishing the roles of plant cell deaths in plant development. (essaywriter.org)
Despite this, there are adaptive characteristics and distinctive features that that distinguish the lifestyle of plants from those of animals, hence the adoption of only distantly related components in revealing the genetic regulations of plant cell death. (essaywriter.org)
Cell death refers to a series of events that culminate in the organized and controlled destruction of the cell. (essaywriter.org)
In plants, cell death is a fundamental process, as it plays the roles of controlling the elimination of cells during plant development and defense in the form of hypersensitive response. (essaywriter.org)
The activation of cell death by plants is dependent on the decision by the plant cells based on information that these cells receive from different sources, such as the environment . (essaywriter.org)
The interactions between proteases and their inhibitors have been linked to modulation of cell death processes in plants and in certain cut flowers. (scialert.net)
Like cell division and differentiation, cell death is also critical for normal development and maintenance of healthy tissues. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Defective cell death programs cause disease states. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Insufficient cell death underlies human cancer and autoimmune disease, while excessive cell death underlies human neurological disorders and aging. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Interestingly, cell death regulators also regulate many other cellular processes prior to a death stimulus, including neuronal activity, mitochondrial dynamics and energetics. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Heparin prevents programmed cell death in human trophoblast. (mdx.ac.uk)
Cell Death provides a current and comprehensive collection of methods for the study of cell death. (nhbs.com)
In the tradition of this long-standing series, this volume's user-friendly recipes and more than 100 tables and figures make the study of cell death accessible across life science disciplines. (nhbs.com)
Because of breakthroughs such as the "switching" mechanism of the p53 tumor suppressor gene, as well as many technical innovations, the number of investigators of cell death has rapidly expanded over the last few years. (nhbs.com)
In turn, they also have learned that massive cell death does not always represent pathology, but rather a normal and necessary "weeding out" in the development and life of an organism. (nhbs.com)
It offers a cross-disciplinary look at cell death using a broad range of technical approaches and model systems. (nhbs.com)
The techniques described facilitate both understanding and regulation of cell death, promising to have immense value in the clinical treatment of cancer. (nhbs.com)
J.F.R. Kerr, G.C. Gobe, C.M. Winterford, and B.V. Harmon, Anatomical Methods in Cell Death. (nhbs.com)
L.T. Bemis, F.J. Geske, and R. Strange, Use of the Yeast Two-Hybrid System for Identifying the Cascade of Protein Interactions Resulting in Apoptotic Cell Death. (nhbs.com)
Manipulation of programmed cell death (PCD) is central to many host microbe interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, diverse biotrophic pathogens have evolved many mechanisms to suppress programmed cell death, and mutualistic and commensal microbes may employ similar mechanisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Necrotrophic pathogens derive their nutrition from dead tissue, and many produce toxins specifically to trigger programmed cell death in their hosts. (biomedcentral.com)
Programmed cell death (PCD) is defined in the Gene Ontology (GO) as "GO: 0012501 cell death resulting from activation of endogenous cellular processes" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to these types of PCD, the GO differentiates two others (siblings of those above): "GO: 0010421 hydrogen peroxide-mediated programmed cell death" and "GO: 0010343 singlet oxygen-mediated programmed cell death" [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Figure 1 shows a screenshot of the AmiGO ontology browser at the Gene Ontology depicting "GO: 0012501 programmed cell death" and its child terms [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For optimal responses, DNA repair must coordinate with other cellular processes, such as cell-cycle progression and programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
Multicellular organisms can also deal with DNA damage through programmed cell death. (the-scientist.com)
The DNA- damage response gene, p53 , is an important mediator of this cell-death pathway. (the-scientist.com)
5 Conversely, p53 induction by oxidative damage may help reduce the development of atherosclerosis, perhaps by suppressing the growth or enhancing the death of cells involved in causing atherosclerotic lesions. (the-scientist.com)
Ferroptosis is an iron dependent form of cell death, that is triggered by the discoordination of iron, lipids, and thiols. (cdc.gov)
Its unique signature that distinguishes it from other forms of cell death is the formation and accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides, particularly oxidized forms of polyunsaturated phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), which drives cell death. (cdc.gov)
The cell carrying this abnormality is relatively protected against apoptotic death because of the oncogenic effect of CCND2, leading to re-initiation of cell cycle and genomic instability. (medscape.com)
2001. Subchronic dermal application of N,N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET) and permethrin to adult rats, alone or in combination, causes diffuse neuronal cell death and cytoskeletal abnormalities in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus, and purkinje neuron loss in the cerebellum. (cdc.gov)

It has been associated with heterochromatin and PML-NBs (Promyelocytic Leukaemia nuclear bodies) and has been implicated in many nuclear processes including transcription and cell cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
The ultrastructural study of the cellular modifications (during the life cycle reversion of T. nutricula) showed the presence of both degenerative and apoptotic processes. (researchgate.net)
The significant presence of degenerative and apoptotic processes could be related to the occurrence of a sort of metamorphosis when an adult medusa transforms itself into a polyp. (researchgate.net)
nutricula ) showed the presence of both degenerative and apoptotic processes. (researchgate.net)
In higher vertebrates these processes include digit formation and nervous system cell culling [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

After Fas stimulation, Daxx is activated and plays its role of pro-apoptotic protein in activating the c-JUN-N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) pathway. (wikipedia.org)
The real apoptotic process starts after activating this pathway. (wikipedia.org)
When the cell is treated with TGF-β, HIPK2, a nuclear kinase, phosphorylates Daxx and the activated Daxx in turn activates the JNK pathway (see "The Daxx Pathway" figure). (wikipedia.org)
Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
BIK repression as a result of EBV Lat III (but not c-MYC) in P493-6 cells (Fig. 2C) thus occurs inside the presence of a functioning TGF- 1 signaling pathway. (glucagon-receptor.com)

Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
The growing interest in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the recent years has provided further insight into the mechanisms by which TFs influence cancer stem cell characteristics. (bvsalud.org)
Thus, we must rely on the elegant mechanisms our cells have developed to repair damage. (the-scientist.com)
Single-strand breaks are easily fixed, but double-strand breaks require the complex mechanisms of nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination, the latter only being useful in late S, G 2 or M phases of the cell cycle, when homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. (the-scientist.com)
3 Such cellular-suicide mechanisms can eliminate cells that could present problems for the whole organism because of alterations in the DNA or difficulties in dealing with stressful stimuli. (the-scientist.com)

In the absence of active Chk1, Cdc25A activates cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) allowing the cell to progress into S or M phase. (vt.edu)
The activation of Chk1 by two time-dependent events in the cell cycle, the critical nuclear to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and the cyclin E/Cdk2 maternal timer are explored in this study. (vt.edu)
EESR induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in a dose-dependent manner by modulating cyclin B, cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and CDK inhibitor p21 expression. (jcpjournal.org)
8 , 9 Cell cycle program is regulated by cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. (jcpjournal.org)
12 The activation of cyclin/CDK complex accelerates cell cycle progression, which are regulated by phosphorylation. (jcpjournal.org)
Additionally, the identical study ruled out the abolition of TGF- 1 apoptotic signaling, cyclin D2, EBV lytic cycle activation, and secondary genetic events as possible contributory things. (glucagon-receptor.com)
In occasional cells, this crossing over may lead to increased 12p copy number and overexpression of cyclin D2. (medscape.com)

During the cell cycle, there are two main checkpoints that regulate entrance into S and M phases. (vt.edu)
p53, a tumor suppressor gene, helps regulate the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)

These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade. (cdc.gov)
The DNA guardian protein p53 plays the most important role in DDR: it promotes DNA repair and the elimination of cells that are unable to repair the damage caused by oxidative stresses, including radiation. (researchsquare.com)
Analysis of MCL1 protein and mRNA expression in PCa tissue and primary cell culture specimens of luminal and basal origin, respectively, reveals higher expression in cancerous tissue compared to benign origin. (oncotarget.com)
Their ability to kill cancer cells is mainly related to the induction of an oxidative stress, but recently it emerged their ability to inhibit the proteasome, a protein complex whose proteolitic activity is needed by several cellular process. (gla.ac.uk)
Eiger is related to a protein called TNF that has been implicated in cycles of destruction and renewal of hair follicles in mice. (elifesciences.org)
D) Cytoplasmic and nuclear ZKSCAN5 protein levels in two types of breast cancer cell lines, ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231. (bms-911543.com)
In accordance with its tumor suppressor role, the Retinoblastoma protein pRb can ensure pro-apoptotic functions. (sdbonline.org)

Having said that, ketanserin is unable to block the inhibitory action of 4 iodo 2,5 dimethoxyphenyiisopropylamine, a potent 5 HT2 agonist, to the electrical action of those cells, indicating that 5 HT2 receptors, like 5HT3 receptors, will not play any function from the regulation of their firing charge. (agckinase.com)
In contrast to 5 HT2 and 5 HT3 receptors, 5 HTia receptors are involved with the regulation in the firing charge of serotoninergic neurones while in the dorsal raphe nucleus, as more supported while in the present study by the efficacy of your S HT agonist, ipsapirone to inhibit, in vivo as well as in vitro, the electrical activity of these cells by way of a propranolol reversible action. (agckinase.com)
Regulation of MCL1 through the AR signaling axis is indirectly mediated via a cell cycle-dependent mechanism. (oncotarget.com)

The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
Using PCa cellular models in vitro and in vivo we show that MCL1 expression is upregulated in androgen-deprived PCa cells. (oncotarget.com)
Normally, p53 allows cells to sense and respond to cellular stress such as DNA damage or hypoxia (2). (novusbio.com)
The ultrastructural study of the cellular modiﬁcations (during the life cycle re version of T. (researchgate.net)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)

In the present study, the TCEE treatment induced cell cycle arrest and suppressed cell growth on both Hep3B and HepJ5 cells. (hindawi.com)
Chk1 regulates cell cycle arrest in the presence of unreplicated DNA in somatic cells by phosphorylating Cdc25A and leading to its degradation. (vt.edu)
All somatic eukaryotic cells arrest progression through the cell cycle when their DNA is damaged, presumably because optimal repair of the damage would be a mechanistic challenge if the cell continued to replicate DNA or segregate chromosomes. (the-scientist.com)
2 Cell-cycle arrest occurs at multiple stages: G 1 , S, and G 2 /M. (the-scientist.com)

This approach consists of genetically engineered immune cells expressing a surface receptor, called CAR, that specifically targets antigens expressed on the surface of tumor cells. (bvsalud.org)

Caspases, a class of cysteine proteases, are central players in the apoptotic process that trigger a cascade of proteolytic cleavage events [ 14 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Other studies showed that lack of Daxx gene caused a higher apoptotic rate in embryonic stem cells. (wikipedia.org)
In Xenopus laevis, early embryonic development consists of twelve rapid cleavage cycles between DNA replication (S) and mitosis (M) without checkpoints or gap phases. (vt.edu)
Chk1 plays a critical but not fully understood role in cell cycle remodeling and early embryonic development. (vt.edu)
Extraction from 9 parameters of KSO-SFE was screened for cytotoxicity towards human colorectal cancer cell lines (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines using MTS assay. (hindawi.com)
Human colorectal cancer (HT29) and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH/3T3) cell lines were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), USA. (hindawi.com)

ZKSCAN5-Regulated VEGFC Promotes the Proliferation, Migration, and Tube Formation of HLECs Cancer cell-secreted VEGFC markedly enhanced the proliferation and migration of lymphocyte endothelial cells. (bms-911543.com)

Treatment of CRC cells with MS-444 resulted in growth inhibition and increased apoptotic gene expression, while similar treatment doses in non-transformed intestinal cells had no appreciable effects. (oncotarget.com)
The demonstration of BIK repression by the EBV Lat III but not the Lat I gene expression program is consistent with observations produced elsewhere on increased resistance to TGF- in BLs (80, 90). (glucagon-receptor.com)
Biological assays and gene expression analysis were performed on three cell lines: ISH, MFE-296 and MFE-280. (spandidos-publications.com)

All somatic cells proliferate via a mitotic process determined by progression through the cell cycle. (bioinf.org)

As an additional mechanism of antagonism to TGF- , the EBV-BIK interaction may as a result further desensitize the virus-infected cell for the TGF- autoregulatory feedback loop and supply a survival benefit for the duration of the expansion with the infected B-cell population. (glucagon-receptor.com)
Taken all together this demonstrates a role for Buffy, a Bcl-2 pro-cell survival gene, in neuroprotection. (sdbonline.org)

Method: Anti-proliferative and apoptotic effect of various doses of essential oil from Ferula asafoetida was investigated on colon cancer cell lines i.e. (ac.ir)
Result: The potent anti-proliferative activity has been observed in both the cell lines. (ac.ir)
rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)

This occurs frequently in animal development: in human fetuses, for example, cells in the hand are directed to die to remove webbing between the fingers. (elifesciences.org)

Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

Its effect and effectiveness appear to be highly connected with the differentiation status of the cancerous cells, as Ang II appears to play a crucial role in the early and late stages of malignant transformation. (spandidos-publications.com)

Increased manifestation levels of p53, p21, and p27, downregulation of c-myc and Bcl-2, and inhibition of Akt activation were also found in CF-treated MSTO-211 and HCT-116 cells. (bioinf.org)
p53 activation is characterized by a drastic increase and its rapid accumulation in stressed cells [11]. (bioinf.org)
This inhibition by 5 HTia agonists, the truth is final results through the direct activation of somatodendritic 5 HTj autoreceptors, located on the serotoninergic cells inside of the dorsal raphe nucleus. (agckinase.com)
2009 Hence excessive or consistent autophagy can promote cell eliminating by depletion of essential organelles (e.g. endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria) re-wiring of success indicators deregulation of lysosomal enzymes and/or activation of caspase-dependent apoptotic applications (Eisenberg-Lerner et al. (immune-source.com)

They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
In contrast, the antitumor effects and related biological mechanism of TCEE as well as the combination drug effects with conventional chemotherapy agents remain unclear particularly in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)
The objective of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and anticancer effects of ethanol extract of S. rufopilosa (EESR) and to determine the molecular mechanism of its anticancer activity in human colon carcinoma HT29 cells. (jcpjournal.org)
Since copper is potentially toxic to cells also a finely controlled mechanism for copper handling has evolved. (gla.ac.uk)
AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)

Another means of characterizing the unreplicated DNA checkpoint is through the use of mathematical modeling of the checkpoint-signaling cascade of the cell cycle. (vt.edu)

This led to other relevant results, such as the reduction of some transcription factors, the inhibition of the activity of certain enzymes and the decrease of mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis of tumour cells. (agenciasinc.es)
At this point, the embryo initiates transcription, acquires gap phases between S and M phases, and establishes a functional apoptotic program. (vt.edu)

Moreover, treatment with TCEE is found to enhance the cytotoxic effects of amphotericin B in human colon cancer cell both in vitro and in vivo [ 17 ]. (hindawi.com)
Purpose: The current investigation was conducted with the aim to elucidate and determine the anti-cancer efficacy in vitro on colon carcinoma human cell lines and to determine its probable mode of action. (ac.ir)
Furthermore, the function of this mutation was analyzed through various in vitro assays using the RGC-5 cell line. (aging-us.com)
In vitro studies have demonstrated that Chaga extracts and small phenolic compounds derived from the mushroom exhibit cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. (chagamushrooms.net)

The conditioned medium from these cells re-expressing ZKSCAN5 could rescue these effects ( Figures?2A, B ). A similar tendency was also detected in HLEC migration analysis ( Figures?2C, D ). Open in a separate window Figure?2 VEGFC secreted by cancer cells, under the influence of ZKSCAN5, regulates HLEC proliferation, migration, and tube formation. (bms-911543.com)

A, B) Cell proliferation and colony formation assays in HLECs cultured in conditioned medium come from ZR75-1 or MDA-MB-231 cells stably infected with lentivirus carrying ZKSCAN5 shRNA or ZKSCAN5 shRNA plus ZKSCAN5-R. The representative Western blot displays the expression of ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)

Just like you would not want to propagate damaged cells, you also would not want to uncontrollably destroy healthy cells, this is one of the ways autoimmune diseases can result. (lumminary.com)

The results, published in the Journal of Functional Foods, show that strawberry tree honey is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of tumour cells cultivated in laboratory plates - more specifically, those of a line of human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) and another with metastatic characteristics (LoVo), widely used to investigate this type of tumour. (agenciasinc.es)
Strawberry tree honey is capable of inhibiting the proliferation of tumour cells on a line of human colon adenocarcinoma (HCT-116) and another with metastatic characteristics (LoVo). (agenciasinc.es)
TP63 is a member of the tumour suppressor TP53 gene family, and ΔNp63α, a TP63 splicing variant, is constitutively expressed in the stem cell-containing basal layer of stratified epithelial tissues, including the mammary gland, where it plays a critical role in stemness and tissue development. (researchsquare.com)
For tumour estimation, nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1 107 ZR75-1 cells with different constructs on the right side. (bms-911543.com)

Microvesicles have a diameter ranging from 100 nm to 1 µm and are released by cell membrane budding. (spandidos-publications.com)

The localization pattern of capsid expression was analyzed by immunofluorescent assay in HeLa, 293-T, RD, or SH-SY5Y cells by using anti-His tag antibody as described ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
No expression of Daxx leads to malfunction of S phase and cells with two nuclei are formed. (wikipedia.org)
To elucidate the role of the p53-repressive effect of ΔNp63α in radiation response, we performed a p63-siRNA knockdown experiment using human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) expressing ΔNp63α and then performed ectopic and entopic expression experiments using human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). (researchsquare.com)
B) Luciferase reporter gene detection in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells co-transfected with expression in ZR75-1 and MDA-MB-231 cells, which were transfected with ZKSCAN5 shRNA, control shRNA, or ZKSCAN5 shRNA plus shRNA-resistant ZKSCAN5 (ZKSCAN5-R). The representative Western blot further showed the expression of ZKSCAN5. (bms-911543.com)

Studies indicate that there are diverse plant developmental systems and a consortium of plant cell culture models being analyzed by different research centers. (essaywriter.org)

This p53-repressive activity may cause genomic instability in epithelial stem cells exposed to radiation. (researchsquare.com)
Taken together, these results indicate that ΔNp63α represses p53-related radiation-induced DDR, thereby potentially causing genomic instability in epithelial stem cells. (researchsquare.com)

Furthermore, the combined drug effects of TCEE with conventional chemotherapy agents, cisplatin and doxorubicin, were also analyzed to clarify whether TCEE enhances or antagonizes the cytotoxicity of the selected chemotherapy agents in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)

The aims of this preclinical study are to evaluate the capability of TCEE to suppress human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and clarify the related antitumor effects. (hindawi.com)

It is also difficult to explain the reason for the two-phase intensity of the apoptotic process. (czytelniamedyczna.pl)
The ability to cycle between +1 and +2 oxidation state is one of the features that has been exploited by organisms throughout the evolutionary process. (gla.ac.uk)
Malignant transformation of germ cells is the result of a multistep process of genetic changes. (medscape.com)

At the level of the cell, Daxx is found in the cytoplasm, interacting with Fas-receptor or other cytoplasmic molecules, as well as in the nucleus, where it interacts with some subnuclear structures. (wikipedia.org)

Inhibitory effect of EESR on cancer cell growth and proliferation was determined by water-soluble tetrazolium salt assay. (jcpjournal.org)
Its active ingredients include basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) which is capable of stimulating cell growth and proliferation. (facemedstore.com)

p53 has an important protective role against undesired cell proliferation. (bioinf.org)

Spanish and Italian researchers have proven that when honey from strawberry trees, a product typical of Mediterranean areas, is added to colon cancer cells grown in the laboratory, cell proliferation is stopped. (agenciasinc.es)
None of these effects was observed when honey was applied to healthy cell lines," the authors point out, noting the anticarcinogenic potential of this natural product, but insisting on the need for new studies with colon cancer in vivo models to confirm its chemopreventive effects. (agenciasinc.es)

Cancer stem cell populations within a growing tumor also help evade the inhibitory effects of chemo- as well as radiation-therapies, in addition to playing an important role in cancer metastases. (bvsalud.org)
These techniques are essential for understanding p53's complex role in regulating cell behavior. (novusbio.com)
The lab also is using the telomerase null mice to explore the essential role of telomerase stem cell viability. (hopkinsmedicine.org)

Both plant and animal cells use PCD as a powerful weapon against biotrophic pathogens, including viruses, which draw their nutrition from living tissue. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy9

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs39

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes36

Information Science3

Apoptosis71

Anti-apoptotic8

Proteins14

Pathways9

Genes12

Induce3

Increase in apoptotic2

Signals12

Death58

Processes5

Pathway5

Mechanisms6

Cyclin7

Regulate2

Protein7

Regulation3

Cellular5

Arrest4

Genetically1

Trigger1

Embryonic5

Endothelial cells1

Gene expression3

Progression1

Survival2

Proliferative3

Occurs1

Extracellular1

Differentiation1

Activation4

Mechanism5

Cascade1

Transcription2

Vitro4

Regulates1

Proliferation and colony formation1

Propagate1

Tumour4

Released by cell membrane1

Expression4

Developmental1

Genomic instability2

Cytotoxicity1

Suppress1

Process3

Cytoplasmic1

Growth and proliferation2

Undesired cell proliferation1

Colon cancer2

Role3

Tissue1