• New in vitro studies now show that a conserved family of CLASP proteins specifically modulate microtubule catastrophe and rescue transitions. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • In vivo, cells get around this kinetic barrier by using various proteins to aid microtubule nucleation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among its other functions, this radial array is used by microtubule-based motor proteins to transport various cargoes, such as vesicles, to the plasma membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, we describe an additional, direct mechanism for cells to establish the fundamental cross-talk of cytoskeletal components alongside linker proteins. (biorxiv.org)
  • A family of microtubule-associated proteins (or 'MAPs' for short) bind to microtubules and assist in organising the filaments, but it is not clear how they work. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments also found that oMAP4 can create links between different microtubules and act as a brake to prevent the filaments being moved excessively by motor proteins. (elifesciences.org)
  • Together, our data support a model in which the V409I/A mutations disrupt microtubule regulation typically conferred by XMAP215 proteins during neuronal morphogenesis and migration, and this impact on tubulin activity at the molecular level scales with the impact at the cellular and tissue levels. (elifesciences.org)
  • Proteins that control the geometry of microtubules at the ends of cilia. (pasteur.fr)
  • We show that three conserved proteins, two of which are mutated in the ciliopathy Joubert syndrome, determine the geometry of the distal segment, by controlling the positions of specific microtubule ends. (pasteur.fr)
  • The division of a cell in two requires the assembly of the mitotic spindle, an extremely complex structure, which is the result of the coordinated action of a multitude of proteins and a finely tuned balance of their activities. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The researchers describe for the first time where most microtubules form inside the mitotic spindle, how they develop, and how their starting points are transported -- with the help of three motor proteins -- to opposite poles of the spindle, where they attach. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • 1) The control of microtubule dynamics by microtubule-associated proteins. (ubc.ca)
  • Cell proteins were analysed with 2-dimensional electrophoresis and differentially expressed proteins were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. (who.int)
  • Now a large and ever increasing number of genetic subtypes has been described, and major advances in molecular and cellular biology have clarified the understanding of the role of different proteins in the physiology of peripheral nerve conduction in health and in disease. (medscape.com)
  • Myelinating Schwann cells form a myelin sheath around a single axon and express high levels of myelin-related proteins and messenger RNA (mRNA). (medscape.com)
  • 1 Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37232-8240, USA. (nih.gov)
  • The more complex linear interphase arrays common in epithelial cells, neurons, and plant cells may also be formed by MT-bound γ-TuCs. (rupress.org)
  • Axonal transport of mitochondria along microtubules and F-actin in living vertebrate neurons. (rupress.org)
  • Other cells, such as neurons, skeletal muscle cells, and epithelial cells, which do have MTOCs, possess arrays of microtubules not associated with a centrosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the cortical array of plants, as well as in the axons of neurons, it is theorised that microtubules nucleate from existing microtubules via the action of severing enzymes such as katanin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consistent with this idea, there were significantly fewer free ends of microtubules in the cell bodies of neurons that had been injected with the katanin antibody compared with controls. (silverchair.com)
  • In addition, they affect non-dividing cells such as neurons, in which microtubules also have important functions. (sciencedaily.com)
  • For these studies we use neurons that are maintained in cell culture as well as genetically-modified strains of mice that are at increased risk for developing neurodegenerative conditions analogous to those observed in humans. (uml.edu)
  • INTRO: A study in the journal Cell sheds new light on the evolution of neurons, focusing on the placozoans , a millimetre-sized marine animal. (sciforums.com)
  • Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)
  • Neurons are extremely interesting cells because genetic information and most of the synthetic machinery is located in one region of the cell and materials must be transported long distances (sometimes up to 1 meter) to supply the axon terminus. (northwestern.edu)
  • We are interested in the relationship between beta-amyloid deposition and the progressive formation of dystrophic neurites and cell death in hippocampal neurons. (northwestern.edu)
  • [2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional interaction between Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons and their support cells. (mpg.de)
  • This creates new nucleation sites for more MTs, thanks to the activities of γ-tubulin and a MT-associated protein called mto2p.Fission yeast have a simple, consistent interphase MT arrangement composed of four bundles per cell. (rupress.org)
  • Conditions which depolymerize microtubules in intact and extracted cells as determined by tubulin immunofluorescence inhibit the binding of [3H]taxol. (rupress.org)
  • These filaments of the cytoskeleton typically form through polymerization of α- and β-tubulin dimers, the basic building blocks of the microtubule, which initially interact to nucleate a seed from which the filament elongates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microtubule nucleation occurs spontaneously in vitro, with solutions of purified tubulin giving rise to full-length polymers. (wikipedia.org)
  • The primary pathway by which microtubule nucleation is assisted requires the action of a third type of tubulin, γ-tubulin, which is distinct from the α and β subunits that compose the microtubules themselves. (wikipedia.org)
  • This complex, with its 13-fold symmetry, acts as a scaffold or template for α/β tubulin dimers during the nucleation process-speeding up the assembly of the ring of 13 protofilaments that make up the growing microtubule. (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, we suggest a novel strategy to estimate the binding energy of tubulin dimers within the microtubule lattice. (biorxiv.org)
  • The B-lattice was observed on the axonemal microtubules as well as on extensions made by polymerizing porcine brain tubulin onto axonemal microtubules in the proximal and distal directions. (silverchair.com)
  • To determine the molecular mechanisms, we modeled the V409I/A mutants in budding yeast and found that they promote intrinsically faster microtubule polymerization rates in cells and in reconstitution experiments with purified tubulin. (elifesciences.org)
  • The scientists have demonstrated that the protein γ-tubulin localizes at the starting points of the microtubule filaments and is relatively stably associated with these structures. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Using a version of γ-tubulin that carries a fluorescent label activated by laser light, the researchers were able to follow the movement of the starting points of microtubules within mitotic spindles by filming dividing human cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Predicted to enable gamma-tubulin binding activity and microtubule binding activity. (nih.gov)
  • Assembly of gamma-tubulin ring complexes: implications for cell biology and disease. (nih.gov)
  • Gamma-tubulin complexes and their interaction with microtubule-organizing centers. (nih.gov)
  • Microtubule nucleation by γ-tubulin complexes. (nih.gov)
  • 2009). γ-Tubulin ring complexes regulate microtubule plus end dynamics . (up.pt)
  • Thus, there must be specific cellular mechanisms which are required for bundle formation, in addition to the direct binding of taxol to cytoplasmic microtubules. (rupress.org)
  • Although the overall structures of flagellar and cytoplasmic microtubules are understood, many details have remained a matter of debate. (silverchair.com)
  • Using a live-cell probe that selectively labels aged microtubule lattices, we demonstrate that the distribution of growing microtubule plus ends can be almost entirely explained by Augmin-dependent amplification of long-lived microtubule lattices. (janelia.org)
  • The γ-TuRC is typically found as the core functional unit in a microtubule organizing center (MTOC), such as the centrosome in some animal cells or the spindle pole bodies in fungi and algae. (wikipedia.org)
  • The γ-TuRCs in the centrosome nucleate an array of microtubules in interphase, which extend their (+)-ends radially outwards into the cytoplasm towards the periphery of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The centrosome is the most common MTOC for multipotent cells in animals, with differentiated tissues utilising a wide variety of non-centrosomal MTOCs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several lines of evidence suggest that microtubules are nucleated at the neuronal centrosome, and then released for transport into axons and dendrites. (silverchair.com)
  • Here we sought to determine whether the microtubule-severing protein known as katanin mediates microtubule release from the neuronal centrosome. (silverchair.com)
  • Microinjection of an antibody that inactivates katanin results in a dramatic accumulation of microtubules at the centrosome, indicating that katanin is indeed required for microtubule release from the centrosome. (silverchair.com)
  • These results indicate that microtubule-severing by katanin is essential for releasing microtubules from the neuronal centrosome, and also for regulating the length of the microtubules after their release. (silverchair.com)
  • More recent work uncovered several additional, centrosome-independent microtubule generation pathways, but the contributions of each pathway to spindle assembly have remained unclear. (janelia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • Predicted to be active in centrosome and equatorial microtubule organizing center. (nih.gov)
  • The microtubules within these processes have a consistent 13-protofilament lattice and are tightly regulated with regard to their polarity orientation. (silverchair.com)
  • By ultrafast 3D lattice light-sheet microscopy, we observed that this mechanism results in a strong directional bias of microtubule growth toward individual kinetochores. (janelia.org)
  • In animal cells undergoing mitosis, a similar radial array is generated from two MTOCs called the spindle poles, which produce the bipolar mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytokinesis begins after chromosome separation in mitosis and ends when the cell divides. (jove.com)
  • Our findings suggest that kinesin-8 family members have developed biochemically distinct activities throughout evolution and have implications for how Kif18A affects kinetochore-microtubule plus-end dynamics during mitosis in animal cells. (nih.gov)
  • But what all these life forms have in common is that their genetic code is copied from cell to cell thanks to the process of mitosis, whereby the nucleus of a cell splits into two before the cell divides. (visionlearning.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell splits into two identical daughter nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • The rate at which mitosis occurs depends on the cell type. (visionlearning.com)
  • While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In epithelial cells, CAMSAP3 acts as the non-centrosomal MTOC, and is localised to the apical membrane of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Is the mechanical activity of epithelial cells controlled by deformations or forces? (crossref.org)
  • To examine the potential of nanotube s to induce genetic damage in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immortalized human airway epithelial cells were exposed to SWCNT or a positive control, vanadium pentoxide. (cdc.gov)
  • The pVir plasmid was not associated with greater occurrence of diarrhea, fever, pain, sion of intestinal epithelial cells in culture. (cdc.gov)
  • The nanotube bundles are similar to the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immor- and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle talized human airway epithelial cells were apparatus. (cdc.gov)
  • We report here that Kif18A is a plus-end-directed motor that inhibits the polymerization dynamics of microtubule plus ends without destabilizing them, distinguishing Kif18A from the budding yeast ortholog Kip3. (nih.gov)
  • TNF-α reduces the hurdle integrity of corneal endothelium concomitant using the disruption of PAMR redecorating of AJC and disassembly of microtubules. (biospraysehatalami.com)
  • To understand these stabilizing effects, we directly measured the interaction forces between individual microtubules and vimentin filaments. (biorxiv.org)
  • Within the myoblasts, long filaments called microtubules are arranged in an overlapping linear pattern. (elifesciences.org)
  • The filaments act as a template that helps the sarcomeres to align as the muscle cells form. (elifesciences.org)
  • used microscopy to observe the formation of the microtubule filaments in living myoblasts. (elifesciences.org)
  • The experiments show that the filaments progressively become more ordered as the myoblasts develop into muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • The in vivo visualization and monitoring of the starting points of microtubules -- filaments responsible for organizing the mitotic spindle -- provides novel insight into the dynamic architecture of this structure. (sciencedaily.com)
  • By labelling the ends of thousands of these fine filaments, which are indispensable and extremely dynamic and variable, we have finally been able to follow their distribution and movement during the assembly of the mitotic spindle," explains Jens Lüders, a cell biologist from the Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona). (sciencedaily.com)
  • Simultaneous to this process, the opposite ends of the filaments extend towards the cell centre, where they interact with chromosomes. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The microtubules and actin filaments within the phragmoplast serve to guide vesicles with cell wall material to the growing cell plate. (sciforums.com)
  • Actin filaments are also possibly involved in guiding the phragmoplast to the site of the former preprophase band location at the parent cell wall. (sciforums.com)
  • Marcus Woodley, Adam Mulvihill, Miki Fujita, Geoffrey Wasteneys (2018) Exploring microtubule-dependent cellulose-synthase-complex movement with high precision particle tracking. (ubc.ca)
  • 2018) The microtubule-associated protein CLASP sustains cell proliferation through a brassinosteroid signalling negative feedback loop. (ubc.ca)
  • van den Berg, MacCarthy-Morrogh, Carter, Morris, Bravo, Feng, Martin (2019) Proteolytic and opportunistic breaching of the basement mebrane zone by immune cells during tumor initiation . (bristol.ac.uk)
  • Wasteneys GO (2019) Plant Cell Biology: Shifting CORDs to Fine-Tune Phragmoplast Microtubule Turnover. (ubc.ca)
  • 2019). Cell Stem Cell . (mpg.de)
  • Taxol is a low molecular weight plant derivative which enhances microtubule assembly in vitro and has the unique ability to promote the formation of discrete microtubule bundles in cells. (rupress.org)
  • We now report studies in cells on the binding of [3H]taxol and the formation of microtubule bundles. (rupress.org)
  • The nanotube bundles are similar to the size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle apparatus. (cdc.gov)
  • The two antiparallel MTs that make up each bundle overlap at their minus ends at the interphase microtubule organizing center (iMTOC), which attaches to the nuclear envelope. (rupress.org)
  • The early cells of the pre-implantation mouse embryo utilise a unique non-centrosomal MTOC, in the form of an interphase microtubule bridge joining sister cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • This interphase bridge organises the microtubules of both cells, and uses CAMSAP3 to bind microtubule minus ends. (wikipedia.org)
  • In interphase cells, Kif18A uses this activity to reduce the overall dynamicity of microtubule plus ends and effectively constrains the distance over which plus ends grow and shrink. (nih.gov)
  • Chromosomes are made of a material called chromatin, which is dispersed throughout the cell nucleus during interphase. (visionlearning.com)
  • Fluorescent EB1 localized to comets at the polymerizing plus ends of microtubules in cytostatic factor extracts and uniformly along the lengths of microtubules in interphase extracts. (duke.edu)
  • reveal that, upon platelet activation, the motor protein dynein slides microtubules apart, inducing marginal band coiling and the conversion of platelets to a spherical shape. (scivee.tv)
  • Most notably, oMAP4 is required for paraxial microtubule organisation in muscle cells and prevents dynein- and kinesin-driven microtubule-microtubule sliding. (elifesciences.org)
  • We propose a model in which the cooperation of dynein-mediated microtubule transport and oMAP4-mediated zippering of microtubules drives formation of a paraxial microtubule array that provides critical support for the polarisation and elongation of myotubes. (elifesciences.org)
  • that is, one or the other of its stalks is always attached to the microtubule so that the dynein can "walk" a considerable distance along a microtubule without detaching. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microtubules are cytoskeletal polymers that dynamically remodel to perform essential cellular functions. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Cytoskeletal dynamics and spindle assembly during cell division. (irb.hr)
  • In this study, we identify a previously uncharacterised isoform of microtubule-associated protein MAP4, oMAP4, as a microtubule organising factor that is crucial for myogenesis. (elifesciences.org)
  • The microtubules in cells that make smaller amounts of this protein were more disorganised, and these cells were unable to fuse with each other to form muscle cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • He also made significant contributions to computational structural biology, particularly in the analysis of protein-protein interfaces. (psi.ch)
  • Halat L, Gyte K, Wasteneys GO (2020) The Microtubule-Associated Protein CLASP is translationally regulated in light-dependent root apical meristem growth. (ubc.ca)
  • protein patterns of subjects with leish- Cell culture maniasis [17]. (who.int)
  • Through use of TIRF microscopy, researchers have visually observed the nucleation of branching microtubules in Drosophila cells during the formation of the mitotic spindle. (wikipedia.org)
  • To address these challenges, we use X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) in combination with biophysical, biochemical, and cell biological methods. (psi.ch)
  • Here, we combined live microscopy and mathematical modeling to show that most microtubules nucleate at noncentrosomal regions in dividing human cells. (janelia.org)
  • By utilising the advantages of fluorescence microscopy (e.g. live cell imaging) with the higher resolution and contextual information which EM provides, CLEM can deliver considerably more information than either modality alone. (bristol.ac.uk)
  • By time-lapse microscopy, EB1 increased the frequency of microtubule rescues and decreased catastrophes, resulting in increased polymerization and decreased depolymerization and pausing. (duke.edu)
  • Microtubule-membrane interactions in cilia. (ku.edu)
  • A) Most motile cilia are organized with 9 microtubule doublets surrounding a core pair of doublets (9+2 configuration). (medscape.com)
  • We have proposed a model whereby these features of the axonal and dendritic microtubule arrays are established within the cell body of the neuron. (silverchair.com)
  • The mechanisms that facilitate kinetochore capture by microtubules are still unclear. (nature.com)
  • My lab focuses on the force generating mechanisms of kinesins and their microtubule tracks. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • These mechanisms drive much of the self-organisation behaviour of eukaryotic cells and understanding them is important both for fundamental science and for the development of improved chemical biology approaches to a range of important medical and agricultural problems. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In 2010 I moved with a group of younger colleagues to Warwick Medical School to found a new Centre for Mechanochemical Cell Biology (CMCB), aiming to integrate biophysical and cell biological approaches to the mechanisms of life. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • In Oct 2014, I became a Wellcome Investigator, and have used this opportunity to focus the lab more tightly around its core long-term interest of kinesin-microtubule interaction mechanisms. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Determining an optimal frame rate for capturing live cell data is necessary in order to successfully infer properties or the underlying mechanisms. (awm-math.org)
  • Current research is focused on the mechanisms that regulate SMAD activity to evoke cell-type-specific and context-dependent transcriptional programmes. (nature.com)
  • The central aim is to understand the physical mechanisms that enable living matter (cells and tissues) to combine mechanical strength with the ability to actively generate forces and change shape. (tudelft.nl)
  • Scholars@Duke publication: EB1-microtubule interactions in Xenopus egg extracts: role of EB1 in microtubule stabilization and mechanisms of targeting to microtubules. (duke.edu)
  • I perform single-nucleus RNA sequencing of antennal cells, immunohistochemistry, sensillum dye backfilling and live cation imaging to better understand which lesser-unexplored mechanisms are involved in odor transduction, such as how supporting cells influence odor responsiveness and how adjacent cells interconnect and communicate to achieve robust odor detection. (mpg.de)
  • Probably controls the inflammatory response in myelomonocytic cells at the level of the cytoskeleton organization. (lu.se)
  • 2) Microtubule polymer activities and the spatial organization of cortical microtubule arrays. (ubc.ca)
  • 3) The function of cortical microtubule arrays in the mechanical properties of cellulosic cell walls. (ubc.ca)
  • Early Drosophila embryos undergo 13 rounds of rapid nuclear division before enclosing each nucleus into an individual, membrane-bound cell. (scivee.tv)
  • During development, the planar polarized distribution of Rho kinase and Myosin II helps Drosophila germ-band cells intercalate so that the embryo extends along its anterior-posterior axis. (scivee.tv)
  • I'm interested in the molecular cell biology of Drosophila antennal cells , especially of those found in the third segment (funiculus) responsible for insect olfaction . (mpg.de)
  • In this study, we focus on two aspects of the EB1-microtubule interaction: regulation of microtubule dynamics by EB1 and the mechanism of EB1 association with microtubules. (duke.edu)
  • Loss of function of the ALS-associated NEK1 kinase disrupts microtubule homeostasis and nuclear import. (cdc.gov)
  • Max-Planck Unit for Structural Molecular Biology, Hamburg, Federal Republic of Germany. (silverchair.com)
  • Development in the area of structural biology methods combined with new computational possibilities has highlighted the importance of combining different methods in order to maximize the output. (lu.se)
  • With the rapid progress and improvements in the fields of macromolecular crystallography, Cryo-EM, small angle scattering, electron diffraction and use of XFELs, the new LINXS theme INTEGRATIVE STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY is formed to advance cutting-edge research and to encourage new users to utilize integrative structure biology to address key scientific questions. (lu.se)
  • Both experienced specialists and researchers with more recently established interests in integrative structural biology are expected to greatly benefit from the symposium. (lu.se)
  • The chemi- appear to interact with the structural elements of the cell, cal analysis was assessed at DATA CHEM Laboratories using plasma- with apparent binding to the cytoskeleton [Porter et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Together, these new advances provide a clearer view on the complexity of the microtubule end and its regulation. (vanderbilt.edu)
  • Kinetochore pairing may be a general feature that increases capture efficiency in meiotic cells. (nature.com)
  • Augmin accumulation on long-lived microtubules drives amplification and kinetochore-directed growth. (janelia.org)
  • Early spindle assembly models postulated that spindle pole-derived microtubules search the cytoplasmic space until they randomly encounter a kinetochore to form a stable attachment. (janelia.org)
  • Our systematic quantification of spindle dynamics reveals highly coordinated microtubule growth during kinetochore fiber assembly. (janelia.org)
  • This cap provides both stability and protection to the microtubule (-) end from enzymes that could lead to its depolymerization, while also inhibiting (-) end growth. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor cells invade through extracellular matrices by forming actin-rich structures called invadopodia, which contain the transmembrane matrix metalloproteinase MT1-MMP. (scivee.tv)
  • These cells contain stacks of structures called sarcomeres that enable the cells to contract and generate the force required for movement. (elifesciences.org)
  • Scientists in the preceding years had already been seeing faint structures in cells , but their dyes were not good enough to reveal what any of these structures did. (visionlearning.com)
  • Throughout the 19th century, as microscopes developed, scientists had been seeing clues of structures in dividing cells of eukaryotes . (visionlearning.com)
  • Unfortunately, the dyes killed the cells, and since the structures under the microscope were difficult to see as it was, Flemming's forerunners weren't sure they were seeing anything characteristic of a live, functional cell. (visionlearning.com)
  • I did my PhD work at Nottingham and my postdoctoral training as an EMBO Fellow with Vic Small at the IMB in Salzburg and as an MDA Fellow with John Kendrick Jones at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, working on the myosin II mechanism. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. (jove.com)
  • EB1 targets to polymerizing microtubule ends, where it is favorably positioned to regulate microtubule polymerization and confer molecular recognition of the microtubule end. (duke.edu)
  • To this end, the team combines concepts and methods from soft matter physics, biophysics, synthetic biology, and mechanobiology. (tudelft.nl)
  • It may be that katanin severs microtubules throughout the cell body to keep them sufficiently short to be efficiently transported into developing processes. (silverchair.com)
  • Microtubule (MT) arrays form, say Janson et al. (rupress.org)
  • These non-centrosomal microtubule arrays can take on various geometries-such as those leading to the long, slender shape of myotubes, the fine protrusions of an axon, or the strongly polarized domains of an epithelial cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Akin to the action of cofilin in generating actin filament arrays, the severing of microtubules by MAPs creates new plus (+) ends from which microtubules can grow. (wikipedia.org)
  • In this fashion, dynamic arrays of microtubules can be generated without the aid of the γ-TuRC. (wikipedia.org)
  • A xons and dendrites contain dense arrays of highly organized microtubules. (silverchair.com)
  • For more than 10 years we have been able to track only the growing ends of microtubules but not the starting points. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The temporal decay of EB1 fluorescence from polymerizing microtubule plus ends predicted a dissociation half-life of seconds. (duke.edu)
  • EB1 targeting to microtubules is thus described by a combination of higher affinity binding to polymerizing ends and lower affinity binding along the wall, with continuous dissociation. (duke.edu)
  • The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical for muscle cell differentiation and undergoes reorganisation into an array of paraxial microtubules, which serves as template for contractile sarcomere formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, the next challenge is to understand how other processes-such as the selective stabilisation of some microtubules and the movement of cell materials along the microtubules-cooperate to control muscle fibre formation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Skeletal muscle fibre formation requires a coordinated programme of morphological and biochemical changes in the differentiating cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Phragmoplast and cell plate formation in a plant cell during cytokinesis. (sciforums.com)
  • 3) Phycoplast and cell plate formation (e.g. (sciforums.com)
  • 4) Persistent telophase spindle/phragmoplast with cell plate formation (e.g. (sciforums.com)
  • Research on the role of microtubules and MTOC involvement in sprouting angiogenesis (blood vessel formation) in 3D using gel-embedded endothelial spheroids. (mpg.de)
  • Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
  • Medulloblastoma is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as "an embryonal neuroepithelial tumor arising in the cerebellum or dorsal brainstem, presenting mainly in childhood and consisting of densely packed small round undifferentiated cells with mild to moderate nuclear pleomorphism and high mitotic count. (medscape.com)
  • Other recent studies verified the presence of PAPP-A mRNA in granulosa cells of humans, monkeys, cattle, mice, and pigs. (bioone.org)