Cell biology malignant cells clone cells. Medical search. Frequent questions

Many of the tumors derive from one (sufficiently) mutated cell, so they are technically a single clone of cells. (wikipedia.org)
However, this view of cancer onset has been challenged in recent years and many tumors have been argued to have polyclonal origin, i.e. derived from two or more cells or clones, including malignant mesothelioma. (wikipedia.org)
They have a nasty tendency to form tumors both malignant and benign including teratomas - meaning "monster tumor. (jillstanek.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. (lookformedical.com)
The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease. (lookformedical.com)
A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors representing malignant transformations of T-lymphocytes. (lookformedical.com)
B-cell lymphoid tumors that occur in association with AIDS. (lookformedical.com)
Such tumor-specific T RM cells are recognized as both necessary and sufficient for long-lived protection against tumors in peripheral tissue locations. (frontiersin.org)
Cancer can be considered a disease of immune dysfunction, with a failure of immune recognition leading to the outgrowth of malignant cells as tumors ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Following effective priming in lymph nodes, T cells traffic to tumors and other peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
In a growing number of cases, CD8 T cells have been shown to mediate the regression of large bulky tumors, resulting in durable long-term disease remissions ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Both the ontogeny and the regulated expression of the arginase isozymes are being studied in a variety of developmental and adult systems and in certain malignant tumors in which their expression is induced. (uclahealth.org)
We are working to dissect the cell populations within tumors to attempt to understand the functional vulnerabilities of each, then to plan for more rational combinatorial treatment approaches," said Giulio Draetta , M.D., Ph.D., professor of Genomic Medicine and director of MD Anderson's Institute for Applied Cancer Science . (mdanderson.org)
In this report the role of versican was examined in adhesion of EOC spheroids and cells to peritoneal mesothelial cell monolayers in vitro as well as in formation of peritoneal tumors using an in vivo xenograft mouse model. (biomedcentral.com)
Importantly, both spheroids and cells with reduced expression of versican demonstrated significantly impaired ability to generate peritoneal tumors when injected intraperitoneally into athymic nude mice. (biomedcentral.com)
It is reported that FOXC1 plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and migration of malignant tumors [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
TSPO is overexpressed in primary brain tumors and has been shown to correlate with the malignancy of the tumor cells. (uni-regensburg.de)
diagnostic prediction of small round blue cell tumors (SRBCT) of childhood and determining the estrogen receptor (ER) status of sporadic breast cancer. (lu.se)
Resolving the Pathogenesis of Anaplastic Wilms Tumors through Spatial Mapping of Cancer Cell Evolution. (lu.se)

Overexpression of SLAMF1 or SLAMF7 in IGHV mutated CLL cell models resulted in reduced proliferation and impaired responses to BCR ligation, whereas the knockout of both receptors showed opposing effects and increased sensitivity toward inhibition of components of the BCR pathway. (nature.com)
B cell receptor (BCR) signaling plays a critical role in driving proliferation and survival of the malignant clone in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), supported by the clinical activity of inhibitors targeted toward BCR-associated kinases [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
Of interest, MM-derived MVs were enriched with the biologically active form of CD147, a transmembrane molecule previously shown by us to be crucial for MM cell proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
In summary, this study demonstrates the significance of MV shedding and MV-mediated intercellular communication on malignant plasma cell proliferation, and identifies the role of MV-enriched CD147 in this process. (oncotarget.com)
And the influence of FASN on proliferation and migration of colorectal cancer cells was also explored. (biomedcentral.com)
TGFβ 1 neutralizing antibody stimulated the proliferation of RI-transfected cells but had little effect on GEO control cells, indicating that increased autocrine-negative TGFβ activity also resulted from increased RI expression. (nebraska.edu)
miRNA-149 was underexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, while overexpression of miRNA-149 promoted cell apoptosis, retarded cell cycle, and inhibited proliferation and migration in AGS and MKN28 cells. (hindawi.com)
It possesses a unique forkhead domain combined with a fragment of the target gene to initiate transcription [ 10 ] and regulates various biological processes such as tumor cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and migration [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Developmentally regulated EZH2 levels are one of the factors that can determine the higher order chromatin structure and expression pattern of the INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus, coupling human progenitor cell differentiation to proliferation control. (biomedcentral.com)
Development and homeostasis require the coordinate regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. (biomedcentral.com)
In response to mito- pendence between the key mecha- gens, cell proliferation is triggered by nistic characteristics. (who.int)
H - Ras cell proliferation are also linked with haematopoietic cel s. (who.int)
Chemotherapy is based on the principle that, as in myeloma, proliferation of a plasma cell clone causes L chain-type amyloidosis. (medscape.com)

Most of these lymphomas represent the malignant counterpart of B-lymphocytes at midstage in the process of differentiation. (lookformedical.com)
The majority of mantle-cell lymphomas are associated with a t(11;14) translocation resulting in overexpression of the CYCLIN D1 gene (GENES, BCL-1). (lookformedical.com)
A group of lymphomas exhibiting clonal expansion of malignant T-lymphocytes arrested at varying stages of differentiation as well as malignant infiltration of the skin. (lookformedical.com)
A group of malignant lymphomas thought to derive from peripheral T-lymphocytes in lymph nodes and other nonlymphoid sites. (lookformedical.com)
We study processes within lymphocytes and those outside (in the immune microenvironment) that drive the development of lymphoid malignancies including B- and T- cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphomas. (postdocjobs.com)
the mechanisms underlying the progression of B cells in autoimmune diseases and indolent lymphomas to diffuse large B cell lymphomas ( Communications Biology 2023 ). (postdocjobs.com)
The area of research for our group is malignant lymphomas - all possible aspects, aiming for the improvement of the quality of life and survival of these patients. (lu.se)

This phase I trial assessed the safety, efficacy, and immunologic responses to minor histocompatibility antigens following nonmyeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation as treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (aacrjournals.org)
Eight patients received conditioning with fludarabine and low-dose total body irradiation followed by hematopoietic cell transplantation from an HLA-matched sibling donor. (aacrjournals.org)
Treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation after nonmyeloablative conditioning with fludarabine/total body irradiation is feasible and may induce tumor regression or stabilization in some patients. (aacrjournals.org)
Second-line chemotherapy regimens vary, depending on whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is being considered. (medscape.com)
Bone marrow stem cells, including the pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), are being considered as potential targets for cell and gene therapy-based approaches against a variety of different diseases. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies have shown the K562 blasts are multipotential, hematopoietic malignant cells that spontaneously differentiate into recognisable progenitors of the erythrocyte, granulocyte and monocytic series. (nkmaxbio.com)
Transitions in lineage specification and gene regulatory networks in hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells over human development. (ox.ac.uk)
Some persons with clonal hematopoiesis are at increased risk for the development of myeloid cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes, a risk that increases as the hematopoietic clone expands in size.16 Stopping this expansion may delay or avert leukemic progression, and therapeutic approaches to this end are being developed and tested. (cdc.gov)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a disorder of bone marrow cells resulting in shortened life of red blood cells, which is also a result of clonal expansion, i.e., all the altered cells are originally derived from a single cell, which also somewhat compromises the functioning of other "normal" bone marrow cells. (wikipedia.org)
When ultimately many cells are produced by a single cell, clonal expansion is said to have taken place. (wikipedia.org)
A somewhat similar concept is that of a clonal colony (also called a genet), wherein the cells (usually unicellular) also share a common ancestry, but which also requires the products of clonal expansion to reside at "one place", or in close proximity. (wikipedia.org)
Multiple myeloma (MM) is characterized by the clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells within the bone marrow. (oncotarget.com)

The intricate molecular mechanisms involved in the regenerative process of the normal intestine and the identity of putative somatic intestinal stem cells have become clear. (mdpi.com)
The Organoid group, previously Clevers group, studies the molecular mechanisms of tissue development and cancer of various organs using organoids made from adult Lgr5 stem cells. (hubrecht.eu)
In APC-deficient colon carcinoma cells, we demonstrated that ß-catenin accumulates and is constitutively complexed with the TCF family member TCF4, providing a molecular explanation for the initiation of colon cancer (5). (hubrecht.eu)
The observation of this intercellular communication and that MM cells modify the microenvironment is highly suggestive that one of the first biologically relevant changes necessary for progression of MGUS or SMM to MM is for a member(s) of the clone to evolve and acquire the molecular changes needed to reprogram its immediate microenvironment into a supportive, growth-promoting microenvironment. (oncotarget.com)
use but also to our understanding of the molecular basis of cell identity pluripotency and plasticity. (hiv-proteases.com)
Figure 1 Sources of pluripotent Stem Cells Table 1 Molecular and functional assays to assess the developmental potential of PSCs. (hiv-proteases.com)
The Fellow will perform experiments using transgenic and transplantation mouse models of lymphoproliferative diseases, primary cells from patients, humanized mice, gene editing, classical molecular, cell biology, and biochemistry, and single cell sequencing approaches. (postdocjobs.com)
The PGS candidate should have experience in mammalian cell cultivation techniques, molecular cloning and basic fluorescence microscopy. (stars-natur.cz)
A transcriptome analysis of HER2 in breast cancer cells has revealed a molecular connection between FASN and HER2 through the PI3K/Akt pathway [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Utilizing modern molecular biologic techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, gene cloning and gene transfer, Dr. Wayne Grody's laboratory is involved in the elucidation, diagnosis and ultimately the treatment of single-gene defects at the molecular level. (uclahealth.org)
As director of the UCLA Medical Center's Diagnostic Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Grody can offer his trainees exposure to the latest clinical applications of molecular biology in the diagnosis of a wide range of genetic, neoplastic and infectious diseases as well as DNA fingerprinting. (uclahealth.org)
A key challenge in treating cancer stems from molecular and genomic variability of tumor cells, which causes functional differences across cells that can fuel resistance to treatment. (mdanderson.org)
During ageing, molecular changes in HSCs often lead to a pre-malignant state for blood cancers termed "clonal haematopoiesis", which is characterised by the presence of HSC clones harbouring certain somatic mutations, primarily in genes involved in epigenetic regulation. (cha-mainz.de)
In light of the advancements in tumor biology and molecular technology, further research into the molecular mechanism involved in gastric cancer and identification of biomarkers with high specificity and good targeting [ 3 ] is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of this condition. (hindawi.com)
The molecular interactions of genes and gene products underlie fundamental questions of biology. (lu.se)
While progress has been made in recent years in the characterisation of pulmonary carcinoids, little is known about the underlying biology or developmental origins of these molecular groups, hampering efforts to identify predictive markers and suitable therapeutic options. (who.int)

Aside from the promise of using hPSC-derived cells for cell replacement therapies there (+)-Corynoline is great potential of using hPSCs for modeling lineage decisions during differentiation and studying disease-relevant phenotypes that ENG are manifested at the cellular level. (hiv-proteases.com)
Among them embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are the classic example of a PSC 1-3 and they remain the gold standard to which newly derived PSC lines are typically compared molecularly through expression and epigenetic profiling and functionally by assessing their differentiation potential and (Table 1). (hiv-proteases.com)
Despite resemblance to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in terms of self-renew and tri-lineage differentiation, the ability of IMRCs to repair the meniscus and the underlying mechanism remains undetermined. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, we investigated how higher-order chromatin structure modulates differential expression of the human INK4b-ARF-INK4a locus during progenitor cell differentiation, cellular ageing and senescence of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
We found that INK4b and INK4a , but not ARF , are upregulated following the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells, in ageing fibroblasts and in senescing malignant rhabdoid tumour cells. (biomedcentral.com)
During progenitor cell differentiation and ageing, PcG silencer EZH2 attenuates, causing loss of PRC binding and transcriptional activation of INK4b and INK4a . (biomedcentral.com)
Single-cell profiling of human megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors identifies distinct megakaryocyte and erythroid differentiation pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
Temporal multimodal single-cell profiling of native hematopoiesis illuminates altered differentiation trajectories with age. (lu.se)

the mechanisms and clinical applications of suppressed surveillance by innate immune natural killer cells in patients with ALL ( Blood 2021 , JITC 2023 , STAR Protocols 2021 ). (postdocjobs.com)

These cells represent the epithelial stem cells of the small intestine and colon (23), the hair follicle (24), the stomach (28) and many other tissue stem cell types. (hubrecht.eu)
These epithelial organoid cultures are genetically and phenotypically extremely stable, allowing transplantation of the cultured offspring of a single stem cell, as well as disease modeling by growing organoids directly from diseased patient tissues (32, 47, 53). (hubrecht.eu)
In fact, low levels of telomerase activity have been found in human adult stem cells including haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic stem cells such as neuronal, skin, intestinal crypt, mammary epithelial, pancreas, adrenal cortex, kidney, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) ( Table 1 ). (nature.com)
In this study, the authors used DNA microarray to compare and identify genes induced by HER2 in mammary epithelial cell line with ectopic HER2 overexpression and breast cancer cell lines derived from patients with different level of HER2 expression. (biomedcentral.com)
PI3K activity was thought to be the mediator of the HER2 control on FASN expression because LY294002, a known PI3K inhibitor, abrogated HER2 induced FASN protein production in the HER2 overexpressing normal mammary epithelial and breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The human gastric epithelial permanent cell line (GES-1), human gastric cancer cell lines (AGS, BGC-823, MKN45, and SGC-7901), and HEK293 cells were provided by the Biomedical Experiment Center of Xi'an Jiaotong University. (hindawi.com)
These changes are thought to lead to tumor-microenvironment interactions via factors secreted by stromal or epithelial cells in response to lymphoma cell-produced cytokines ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
POT1 mutation carriers had a range of benign and malignant neoplasms involving epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuronal tissues in addition to B- and T-cell lymphoma and myeloid cancers. (cdc.gov)

Amongst the intestinal Wnt target genes (13), we found the Gpr49/Lgr5 gene to be unique in that it marks small cycling cells at crypt bottoms. (hubrecht.eu)
Two other Wnt target genes, RNF43 and ZNRF3, encode stem cell-specific E3 ligases that downregulate Wnt receptors in a negative feedback loop (35). (hubrecht.eu)
They also discovered that these mutated genes coincided with the abnormal expansion of the blood cells that harbor them - a phenomenon known as clonal hematopoiesis (CH) . (dana-farber.org)
In animal studies conducted in collaboration with Peter Libby, MD, at Brigham and Women's Hospital, they showed that blood cells carrying one of the commonly mutated genes associated with CH can accelerate the onset of heart disease in mice. (dana-farber.org)
As the sequencing and gene annotation projects of entire genomes of many species are headed towards completion (see, e.g. [13] ), massive mapping efforts in biology are now focused on how the genes interact. (lu.se)
Since genes are composed of a given alphabet (A, T, C, G) with fixed pairing properties A-T and C-G, probes can be constructed that attract gene transcripts extracted from cell tissues and cultures. (lu.se)

While innate immune cells are important for early tumor immune surveillance, T cells are fundamentally recognized for their crucial role in the antigen-specific recognition and elimination of malignantly transformed cells ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
T cell memory is antigen-specific, and can provide durable host-wide protection. (frontiersin.org)
In the early 2000's, large and persistent populations of antigen (Ag)-specific CD8 T cells in peripheral tissues were initially classified as T EM cells in recirculation from the blood ( 8 , 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
CD20 is a B-cell-specific antigen expressed on malignant FL cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Murine monoclonal antibodies are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen, harvesting its spleen to obtain B cells that are producing antibody specific to that antigen, fusing those cells with immortal mouse myeloma cells, growing these hybridoma cells (eg, in cell culture), and harvesting the antibody. (msdmanuals.com)
In both cases, the process usually begins as above with production of mouse hybridoma cells that make antibody to the desired antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
Chimeric monoclonal antibodies activate antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells more effectively than murine monoclonal antibodies but can still induce production of human anti-chimeric antibodies. (msdmanuals.com)

In mammals, physiological Wnt signaling is intimately involved with the biology of adult stem cells and self-renewing tissues (18,19). (hubrecht.eu)
This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth. (lookformedical.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
Resident memory (T RM ) cells are a distinct tissue-localized T cell lineage that is crucial for protective immunity in peripheral tissues. (frontiersin.org)
whereas T EM cells were shown to recirculate predominantly through blood, and peripheral tissues ( 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
Expression of DCT was absent or barely detected in retina tissues, various human ocular cells, and major organs. (molvis.org)
Successful colonization of the abdomen by EOC cells and spheroids to a large extent depends on their ability to attach to mesothelial surfaces of the peritoneal organs and tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of miRNA-149 and FOXC1 in gastric cancer tissues and cells. (hindawi.com)
In this study, we found that LIM-only protein 3 (LMO3) is hypomethylated and overexpressed in glioma cells and tissues. (oncotarget.com)
C. Peterson, M. Ringne´r / Artificial Intelligence in Medicine 28 (2003) 59-74 structure and function, cellular metabolism, development of cells and tissues, and response of organisms to their environments. (lu.se)

Another important area where one can talk of "clones" of cells is neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)

Based on these observations Yamanaka and colleagues screened 24 pluripotency transcription factors and demonstrated that over-expression of the reprogramming factors Oct4 Sox2 Klf4 and c-Myc (referred to as OSKM) is sufficient to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from mouse fibroblasts (Figure 1 (h)) 8. (hiv-proteases.com)

A previous study demonstrated that SLAMF1, SLAMF2, and SLAMF7 receptors are rather downregulated on CLL cells as compared to their normal B cell counterpart [ 12 ], suggesting that high expression of these molecules may have detrimental (e.g., antiproliferative) effects in the CLL context. (nature.com)
The Tcf4-driven target gene program in colorectal cancer cells is the malignant counterpart of a physiological gene program in selfrenewing crypts (13, 14). (hubrecht.eu)

In this study, our aims were to explore the role of FASN in regulating the "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" activity and malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
A downregulation of FASN effectively inhibits the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" and alters the malignant phenotype in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Hence, the role of RI as a limiting factor for TGFβ sensitivity and the contribution of low RI levels to the malignant phenotype of GEO cells were examined. (nebraska.edu)

In tumor cells, PKN3 has been shown to act downstream of PI3-kinase activation to promote malignant progression of prostate cancer. (stars-natur.cz)
These results indicate that low RI expression can be a limiting factor for response to exogenous TGFβ, as well as TGFβ autocrine-negative activity, and that reduction of RI expression can contribute to malignant progression. (nebraska.edu)

We were the first to link Wnt signaling with adult stem cell biology, when we showed that TCF4 gene disruption leads to the abolition of crypts of the small intestine (8), and that TCF1 gene knockout severely disables the stem cell compartment of the thymus (2). (hubrecht.eu)
The Wnt target gene encoding the transcription factor Achaete scute-like 2 controls intestinal stem cell state (26). (hubrecht.eu)
The isolation of temperature-sensitive transformation-defective mutants of Rous sarcoma virus led to the hypothesis that the viral protein or proteins should be temperature-sensitive in its expression or function, and Dr. John Wyke and Rohrschneider found that expression of some of the cell-surface tumor antigens correlated with transformation, suggesting that they were under control of the transforming gene. (fredhutch.org)
We also demonstrated that the −657 to +411 DCT promoter fragment efficiently directs RB cell-specific transcription of the luciferase reporter gene in cell lines. (molvis.org)
The regulatory elements required for this cell-specific gene expression are likely located within its proximal promoter. (molvis.org)
Genovese and colleagues found, in a subset of tumor cells, after the original oncogenic driver fades, depletion of a gene called SMARCB1 results in a cellular change to mesenchymal status, a mobile and invasive cell state. (mdanderson.org)
The resultant DNA is placed in a mammalian cell culture, which then expresses the resultant gene, producing the desired antibody. (msdmanuals.com)

Patients were monitored for donor engraftment of myeloid and lymphoid cells, for clinical response by serial imaging, and for immunologic response by in vitro isolation of donor-derived CD8 + CTLs recognizing recipient minor histocompatibility (H) antigens. (aacrjournals.org)
However, obtaining primary neuronal cells from adult tissue is difficult and faces major ethical issues in clinical practice. (hindawi.com)
Indeed, the potent pathotropic migratory properties of BMSCs and ability to circumvent both the complications associated with immune rejection of allogenic cells and many of the moral reasons associated with embryonic stem cell use suggest that BMSCs are most promising stem cells as a potential target for the clinical use of genetically engineered stem cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
2006. Clinical significance of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood. (uclahealth.org)
Many culturing strategies are based on the addition of feeder or accessory cells, which need to be removed prior to the clinical application of the final NK cell product. (frontiersin.org)
Also, the term "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoma" was changed to "primary cutaneous CD4 + small/medium T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder" because of its indolent clinical behavior and uncertain malignant potential. (medscape.com)

Over the last decade, significant investigation in the MM field has demonstrated that the interaction of malignant PCs with BM stromal cells within the microenvironment is essential for survival of the PC clone [ 5 , 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
The use of human telomerase reverse transcriptase-immortalized bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hTERT-BMSCs) as vehicles to deliver antinociceptive galanin (GAL) molecules into pain-processing centers represents a novel cell therapy strategy for pain management. (hindawi.com)
Woods K and Guezguez B (2021) Dynamic changes of the bone marrow niche: mesenchymal stromal cells and their progeny during aging and leukemia . (cha-mainz.de)

Many cancers go through phases of abnormal tissue growth before eventually developing into malignant tumours. (biologynews.net)

NPR has an audio piece on the difficulty of creating embryonic stem cell lines. (jillstanek.com)
The construction of this cell line is the first promising step in the regulation of GAL secretion from hTERT-immortalized BMSCs, and the potential application of this system may provide a stem cell-based research platform for pain. (hindawi.com)
Studies have increasingly focused on the potential therapeutic effects of stem cell transplantation for neurological diseases [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
One approach is to derive PSCs through culturing various embryonic adult or malignant cells with stem cell properties (Sidebar 1 and Figure 1). (hiv-proteases.com)
Sidebar Culture-derived Pluripotent Stem Cell lines Embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs): derived from mouse teratocarcinomas these are the first PSC lines generated. (hiv-proteases.com)
Basically, given the difference of telomere and telomerase activity in human and mouse cells, the telomere and telomerase status in stem cell populations is different between humans and mice ( Harrington, 2004 ). (nature.com)

Another approach is to reset a somatic cell to a pluripotent state by exposing its nucleus to exogenous transacting factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
This is currently achieved by three methods: somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) cell fusion and direct reprogramming by defined transcription factors. (hiv-proteases.com)
SCNT allows generating ESCs (ntESC) from cloned embryos obtained through injection of a somatic nucleus into an enucleated oocyte. (hiv-proteases.com)
SCNT and experiments involving fusions between PSCs and somatic cells (Figure 1 (g)) demonstrate that factors present in the egg and in PSCs have the ability to reset somatic nuclei to a pluripotent state 7. (hiv-proteases.com)
In somatic cells, the activity of telomerase, a reverse transcriptase that can elongate telomeric repeats, is usually diminished after birth so that the telomere length is gradually shortened with cell divisions, and triggers cellular senescence. (nature.com)
Thus, even in stem cells, except for embryonal stem cells and cancer stem cells, telomere shortening occurs during replicative ageing, possibly at a slower rate than that in normal somatic cells. (nature.com)
Telomeric DNA consists of short guanine-rich repeat sequences in all eukaryotes with linear chromosomes, and its length in human somatic cells is remarkably heterogeneous among individuals ranging from 5 to 20 kb, according to age, organ, and the proliferative history of each cell ( Wright and Shay, 2005 ). (nature.com)
In most human somatic cells except for stem cells and lymphocytes, telomerase activity is diminished after birth so that telomere length shortens with each cell division. (nature.com)

however, despite its prevalence in FL and other cancers, the role of CA125 in tumor biology and immunity has been only recently elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)

The mechanisms of action by which RTX kills FL cells include complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) ( 3 ), antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) ( 4 , 5 )-herein referred to as 'effector function' mechanisms-as well as CD20 signaling effects ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

They are short-lived cells resembling bursa-derived lymphocytes of birds in their production of immunoglobulin upon appropriate stimulation. (lookformedical.com)
A form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma having a usually diffuse pattern with both small and medium lymphocytes and small cleaved cells. (lookformedical.com)
A classification of B-lymphocytes based on structurally or functionally different populations of cells. (lookformedical.com)
Characterized by cell-surface molecules including CD103, CD69, and CD49a, T RM -like tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can be found in a wide range of human cancers, where they portend improved prognosis. (frontiersin.org)
We apply this to develop therapies that specifically target malignant lymphocytes. (postdocjobs.com)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)

this limitation has been overcome via ectopic expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), the catalytic component of telomerase, to produce large quantities of these cells as an attractive source for cellular transplantation [ 16 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Caco-2 cells with a high expression of both HER2 and FASN were selected for functional characterization. (biomedcentral.com)
Caco-2 cells were transfected with either the FASN specific RNAi plasmid or the negative control RNAi plasmid, followed by the RT-qPCR and western blot to examine the expression of FASN, HER2, PI3K and Akt. (biomedcentral.com)
However, in cancer cells and pre-neoplastic lesions, FASN expression has been frequently found to be upregulated. (biomedcentral.com)
In contrast, although stable transfection of an RII expression vector into the same GEO cells increased TGFβ 1 binding to RII, growth inhibition by exogenous TGFβ 1 was not altered. (nebraska.edu)
Tetracycline repressed RI expression in transfected cells and reversed the reduction in plating efficiency of RI-transfected clones, confirming that growth effects were due to increased RI expression in transfected cells. (nebraska.edu)
Furthermore, spheroids with reduced expression of versican failed to disaggregate to complete monolayers when seeded atop monolayers of peritoneal mesothelial cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Failure of spheroids lacking versican to disaggregate as efficiently as controls could be attributed to a reduced cell migration that was observed in the absence of versican expression. (biomedcentral.com)
However, it is difficult to capture the complexity of transcript isoform variance using these libraries, and large cDNA sequences are often difficult to clone into size-limited viral expression vectors. (cdc.gov)

This "angiogenic switch" [ 1 ] favors the production of new microvessels, thus facilitating tumor growth beyond 1-2 mm diameter, and metastasis of the malignant clone. (biomedcentral.com)
Taken together these data suggest that versican regulates the development of peritoneal metastasis originating from cells and spheroids. (biomedcentral.com)

Around this time, Dr. Chuck Sherr at St. Jude's and Dr. Richard Stanley at Albert Einstein identified the normal cellular Fms protein as the cell surface receptor for a growth factor known as the macrophage colony-stimulating factor or M-CSF. (fredhutch.org)
Telomerase can add telomeric repeats onto the chromosome ends, and prevents the replication-dependent loss of telomere and cellular senescence in highly proliferative cells of the germline and in the majority of cancers ( Blasco, 2005 ). (nature.com)
My group applies state-of-the-art single-cell approaches to clarify the cellular pathways by which megakaryocytes arise from haematopoietic stem cells. (ox.ac.uk)

To identify and study the impact of pancreatic cancer cell plasticity, the team established an experimental approach to isolate and characterize single cell clones called "escapers" that spontaneously acquire malignant features. (mdanderson.org)

The recent success of T cell immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies for cancer has revealed CD8 T cells as potent mediators of immunity against advanced cancers ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

Hence, in this study, we analyzed the potential link between FASN and the activity of "HER2-PI3K/Akt axis" in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The use of cell lines as "biological minipumps" to chronically deliver antinociceptive molecules into the pain-processing centers of the spinal cord represents a newly developed technique for the treatment of pain [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
These cells, among other functions, provide a protective barrier against invading pathogens and secrete surfactant molecules to provide a non-adhesive surface. (biomedcentral.com)
Загальні відомості про імунну систему The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Profiling the two types of escaper populations revealed that mesenchymal clones are characterized by the extinction of KRAS signaling, a common driver of pancreatic cancer, and the abnormal activation of epigenetic programs regulated by the chromatin remodeling factor SMARCB1. (mdanderson.org)

Researchers have identified a gatekeeper protein that prevents pancreatic cancer cells from transitioning into a particularly aggressive cell type and also found therapies capable of thwarting those cells when the gatekeeper is depleted. (mdanderson.org)

Since SLAMF receptors play a role in NK cell biology, we reasoned that these receptors may impact NK cell-mediated CLL immunity. (nature.com)
Lymphoid cells concerned with humoral immunity. (lookformedical.com)
While a great deal of effort has focused on defining their role in immunity to infections, studies now reveal T RM cells as a vital component of the host immune response to cancer. (frontiersin.org)
This review will recount the path to discovering the importance of resident memory CD8 T cells as they pertain to cancer immunity. (frontiersin.org)
In addition to highlighting key studies that directly implicate T RM cells in anti-tumor immunity, we will highlight earlier work that implicitly suggested their importance. (frontiersin.org)
These early classifications of T cell memory were quickly brought to bear on the question of what T cell subset provides the best immunity against cancer. (frontiersin.org)
Immunity-and-matrix-regulatory cells (IMRCs) derived from human embryonic stem cells have unique abilities in modulating immunity and regulating the extracellular matrix, which could be mass-produced with stable biological properties. (bvsalud.org)

Besides surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, immune activation by direct application of cytokines, antibodies or adoptive cell therapy are promising approaches. (frontiersin.org)

Classical definitions of memory T cells derive from the belief that T cells localize and recirculate predominantly throughout the blood and secondary lymphoid organs ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

The diagnosis of diffuse large cell lymphoma is usually confirmed after positive findings are obtained from a lymph node biopsy specimen. (medscape.com)
The tiny Philadelphia chromosome became a clear and consistent marker of CML, a cancer of the myeloid or bone marrow cells, with broad implications for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. (laskerfoundation.org)

It is likely that polyclonal B-cell lymphoproliferation in AIDS is a complex result of EBV infection, HIV antigenic stimulation, and T-cell-dependent HIV activation. (lookformedical.com)

Metronidazole (Flagyl) is a drug used to treat infections and has been studied in the treatment of cancer [10,11] as a radiosensitizer drug, especially for hypoxic cells [9]. (who.int)
tizer drug, especially for hypoxic cells [ 9 ]. (who.int)

Speciality:My lab focuses on unravelling the regulatory mechanisms that coordinate the function of large protein complexes, by means of novel native mass spectrometry methods coupled with biochemistry and cell biology. (cost-proteostasis.eu)

This process is tightly regulated by the multipotent properties of haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) residing in the bone marrow (BM). (cha-mainz.de)
I study megakaryocytes - large, rare cells found in the bone marrow that release blood platelets into the circulation and also produce many growth factors and other proteins that regulate blood cell development and the bone marrow microenvironment. (ox.ac.uk)

Malignant lymphoma composed of large B lymphoid cells whose nuclear size can exceed normal macrophage nuclei, or more than twice the size of a normal lymphocyte. (lookformedical.com)

In this study, our goals were to determine if MM cells release MVs, and if so, begin to characterize their biologic activity. (oncotarget.com)
Therefore, the planned research group aims to characterize the role of TSPO as a diagnostic and therapeutic target from structural biology over neurology to psychiatry and to delineate the potential of TSPO ligands as a novel therapeutic approach within the nervous system. (uni-regensburg.de)

They are known to be involved in the regulation of NK and T cell responses, mostly by homotypic interactions except for SLAMF2 (CD48) and SLAMF4 that interact with each other [ 10 ]. (nature.com)
The regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity is a complex and dynamic process that is tightly linked to cell cycle regulation in human stem cells. (nature.com)

A critical length of telomere repeats is required to ensure proper telomere function and avoid the activation of DNA damage pathways that result in replicative senescence or cell death. (nature.com)

It's hilarious when someone who hasn't read the bill, and apparently has no clue (he doesn't seem to know that Britain has allowed attempts at human cloning using animal eggs) what Senators Brownback and Landrieu want to prevent in the US, tosses out the terms "ignoramus," "clowns" and "Rethuglicans. (jillstanek.com)
Based on these combined insights, we have established Lgr5/R-spondin-based culture systems that allow the outgrowth of single mouse or human Lgr5 stem cells into ever-expanding organoids. (hubrecht.eu)
Herein we present clear evidence that not only do both patient MM cells and human MM cell lines (HMCLs) release MVs, but that these MVs stimulate MM cell growth. (oncotarget.com)
Although human HSCs as vehicles to treat metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) has been used to treat patients with early onset MLD in a phase I/II trial, the HSCs give rise to all different blood cell lineages, such as the myeloid and lymphoid cell lineages [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer unique opportunities for studying human biology modeling diseases and for therapeutic applications. (hiv-proteases.com)
Human PSCs (hPSCs) are relevant to a wide range of applications from basic biology to regenerative medicine. (hiv-proteases.com)
Recently, the importance of telomere maintenance in human stem cells has been highlighted by studies on dyskeratosis congenital, which is a genetic disorder in the human telomerase component. (nature.com)
Here we review the role of telomeres and telomerase in the function and capacity of the human stem cells. (nature.com)
A human colon carcinoma cell line, designated GEO, is marginally responsive to TGFβ and expresses a low level of RI mRNA relative to colon carcinoma cells, which are highly responsive to TGFβ. (nebraska.edu)
Inhibition of cytotoxic effect of FASL on Jurkat cells in the presence of recombinant human FAS. (biolegend.com)
FAS was initially purified and cloned from SKW6.4 cells and a cDNA library of human T cell lymphoma KT-3 cells. (biolegend.com)
In addition, FAS/FASL interaction increases the production of chemokines in NK-T cells, and FASL acts as a survival factor for human CD34 + cells and increases their colony formation. (biolegend.com)
Human FAS, amino acids (Arg17-Asn173) (Accession# NM_000043), was expressed in 293E cells. (biolegend.com)
We further established a multi-disciplinary collaboration with pathologists curating a large biobank of human BM biopsies from an aged population to study the immunological and transcriptional changes in clonal haematopoiesis and related leukaemia by combining spatial multiplex confocal imaging, single-cell sequencing analysis and BM organoid co-culture assays. (cha-mainz.de)
Benoit YD*, Guezguez B*, Boyd AL and Bhatia M (2014) Epigenetic modulation of Wnt/Glycogen synthase kinase-3 signaling to target human cancer stem cells . (cha-mainz.de)
Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS and MKN28 were cultured and transfected with miR-149 overexpression plasmid and its control or FOXC1 siRNA and its control. (hindawi.com)
Genetics of human telomere biology disorders. (cdc.gov)

Driven by the challenges his patients face when fighting cancer - specifically addressing the vast heterogeneity in treatment response by identifying the optimal treatment to pair with each patient's unique biology - he leads a laboratory focused on developing integrated circuits (or "computer chips") for in vivo cancer sensing. (nih.gov)
Recent studies in mouse tumor models have shown that T RM cells are induced by cancer vaccines delivered in peripheral tissue sites, or by the depletion of regulatory T cells. (frontiersin.org)
As the field of cancer immunotherapy advances rapidly, it is now crucial to understand how the dissemination and maintenance of tumor-specific T cells can be optimally achieved. (frontiersin.org)
After analyzing their data, Ebert's team recognized that individuals with this early pre-malignant state had a higher risk of developing blood cancer than those without it. (dana-farber.org)
Hypoxic cancer cells are known to be relatively resistant to radiation killing compared with well oxygenated healthy cells [2,3,7-9]. (who.int)
The aim of this project will be to analyze the crosstalk of PKN3 and Rho signaling in cancer cells, focusing on their potential synergistic effect on F-actin dynamics and tumor cell motility in both 2D and 3D environments. (stars-natur.cz)
The interaction of PKN3 and its effect on these newly discovered substrates and interactors will be evaluated by biochemical analyses and subsequent cell-based assays in cancer cell line and endothelial cell models. (stars-natur.cz)
Thus, telomerase activity and telomere maintenance are associated with the immortality of cancer cells, germ-line cells, and embryonic stem (ES) cells. (nature.com)
It has been shown that the growth factors, hormones and activation of their receptors increased FASN transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A team from The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center describes this week in the journal Nature a series of preclinical experiments using patient-derived tumor xenografts (PDXs) and mouse models that point to potential treatments for patients with a rapidly-progressing and resistant subgroup of tumor cells. (mdanderson.org)
The new results add an important new insight, a new process that must be included in our consideration of cancer genome biology. (biologynews.net)
We suspect catastrophes such as this might happen occasionally in the cells of our body," says Dr Andy Futreal, Head of Cancer Genetics and Genomics at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute and an author on the paper. (biologynews.net)
It is remarkable that, not only can a cell survive this crisis, it can emerge with a genomic landscape that confers a selective advantage on the clone, promoting evolution towards cancer. (biologynews.net)
In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of miR-149 on the biological functions of gastric cancer cells by targeting FOXC1. (hindawi.com)
At a time when the idea that cancer had a genetic basis was widely disbelieved, Nowell's results provided the first clear evidence that a particular genetic defect in a single chromosome can lead to a population or clone of identical cells that accumulate in numbers to form a deadly malignancy. (laskerfoundation.org)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumour suppressor locus controls the balance between progenitor cell renewal and cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
The INK4b-ARF-INK4a tumor suppressor locus (Figure 1A ) plays a central role in controlling the equilibrium between progenitor cell renewal and cancer risk [ 1 - 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
During this time, he received different reports stating that there exists malignant wart conversion into squamous cell carcinomas, cervical cancer. (explorable.com)

Indeed a wealth of studies from humans and mouse models establishes a particularly potent role for CD8 T cells in controlling the outgrowth of malignancies ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)

They also showed reduced growth and clonogenicity in plating efficiency and soft agarose assays, whereas RII-transfected cells did not show any differences from the NEO control cells in these assays. (nebraska.edu)

Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. (lookformedical.com)
The migration was investigated by the transwell, and the apoptosis and cell cycle were assayed by the flow cytometry. (biomedcentral.com)

New therapeutic concepts in anti-tumor therapy aim to modulate the patient's immune system to increase its aggressiveness or targeted effects toward tumor cells. (frontiersin.org)
In a proof of concept in vivo study, we also observed a therapeutic effect of adoptively transferred IL-15 expanded and IL-21 boosted NK cells in combination with image guided high precision radiation therapy using a luciferase-transduced RMS xenograft model. (frontiersin.org)
Metronidazole selectively radiosensitizes of metronidazole (in a range of therapeutic hypoxic cells without influencing the ra- concentrations) on PMN-generated free diation response of normal well-oxygenated radicals during phagocytosis activity in cells [ 5,7-9 ]. (who.int)

Clones from three patients with a partial response or stable disease recognized antigens expressed on renal cell carcinoma tumor cells. (aacrjournals.org)

In the last years, adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells came into the focus of translational medicine, because of their high cytotoxic potential against transformed malignant cells. (frontiersin.org)
Hence, we established a two-phase expansion protocol with IL-15 to induce an early NK cell expansion, followed by short exposure to IL-21 that boosted the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against RMS cells. (frontiersin.org)

Binary fission involves mitosis-like behavior of the chromosomes similar to that of cells in higher organisms. (wikipedia.org)
It seems that in a single cell in a single event, one or more chromosomes basically explode - literally into hundreds of fragments. (biologynews.net)
First, they suggest it might occur during cell division, when chromosomes are packed into a condensed form. (biologynews.net)
The second proposition is that attrition of telomeres - the specialized genome sequences at the tips of chromosomes - causes genome instability at cell division. (biologynews.net)
Staining them with a special dye made the cells' chromosomes more visible. (laskerfoundation.org)
Nowell collaborated with the late David Hungerford who, he says, "knew more about chromosomes than I did," and together they made the startling observation that individuals suffering from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) had an abnormally small chromosome in the tumor cells. (laskerfoundation.org)
I came to realize that there were many questions about chromosome changes in patients that would be rewarding to study," noted Rowley, and for the next decade she labored over the microscope looking at chromosomes in leukemic cells. (laskerfoundation.org)

The B cells in the body have two important phenotypes (functional forms)-the antibody secreting, terminally differentiated (that is, they cannot divide further) plasma cells, and the memory and the naive cells-both of which retain their proliferative potential. (wikipedia.org)

For instance, two plasma cells belonging to the same clone could be derived from different memory cells (in turn with shared clonality) and could be residing in quite distant locations, such as the cervical (in the neck) and inguinal (in the groin) lymph nodes. (wikipedia.org)
strain developed WD-MCF comparably to rabbits Atagabalin infected with the parental wild-type strain with hyperthermia and raises of both CD8+ T cell frequencies and viral genomic charge over time in peripheral blood mononuclear Atagabalin cells and in lymph nodes at time of euthanasia. (researchassistantresume.com)
Malignant lymphoma in which the lymphomatous cells are clustered into identifiable nodules within the LYMPH NODES. (lookformedical.com)

In humans, Mendelian defects in several of these factors can result in abnormally short or dysfunctional telomeres, causing a group of rare heterogeneous premature-ageing diseases, termed telomeropathies, short-telomere syndromes or telomere biology disorders (TBDs). (cdc.gov)

K-562 is an erythroleukemia cell line derived from a chronic myeloid leukemia patient in blast crisis. (nkmaxbio.com)

Together, our data indicate that SLAMF receptors are important modulators of the BCR signaling axis and may improve immune control in CLL by interference with NK cells. (nature.com)
Signaling Lymphocytic Activation Molecule Family (SLAMF) receptors are a group of nine type I transmembrane receptors that are mainly expressed on a variety of immune cells. (nature.com)
Tumor development has been said to occur in three distinct steps: inefficient elimination of early transformed cells, development of a state of equilibrium between tumor cells and immune cells, and tumor escape from immune pressure ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
Haematopoiesis is required for the daily regeneration of blood and immune cells throughout life. (cha-mainz.de)
Of major interest is the signalling crosstalk between HSCs, immune cells and the BM microenvironment. (cha-mainz.de)
With their ability to detect and directly destroy virally infected or malignant cells, natural killer (NK) cells form an important part of the first line defense of the immune system. (frontiersin.org)

and monoclonal-derived from one clone. (wikipedia.org)

FOXC1 is a member of the FOX superfamily of transcription factors and is located in the cell nucleus. (hindawi.com)

Anatomy42

Organisms12

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs58

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment42

Phenomena and Processes61

Disciplines and Occupations17

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities3

Information Science5

Health Care1

Tumors20

Proliferation13

Lymphomas7

Hematopoietic8

Clonal expansion4

Molecular16

Differentiation8

20231

Epithelial8

Genes6

Antigen7

Tissues10

Neoplasms1

Fibroblasts1

Counterpart2

Phenotype3

Progression2

Gene7

Clinical6

Stromal3

Tumours1

Stem cell6

Somatic8

Tumor biology1

Cytotoxicity1

Lymphocytes6

Expression9

Metastasis2

Cellular3

Spontaneously1

Cancers1

Colorectal cancer1

Molecules3

Populations1

Therapies1

Immunity7

Antibodies1

Derive1

Diagnosis2

Polyclonal1

Especially for hypoxic cells2

Biochemistry1

Bone2

Lymphoid cells1

Characterize2

Regulation2

Pathways1

Human17

Cancer18

Malignancies1

Assays1

Apoptosis2

Therapeutic3

Renal cell carc1

Cytotoxic2

Chromosomes7

Antibody1

Lymph nodes3

Heterogeneous1

Myeloid1

Immune6

Monoclonal1

Nucleus1