• J Biol Chem. (ncbs.res.in)
  • Prerequisites: High school chemistry or CHEM 1301 (or above) and a composite ACT score of 21 or higher OR BIOL 1400 and CHEM 1301 (or above) both with a grade of C or higher. (uca.edu)
  • Nat Cell Biol 24(7):1154-1164, 2022. (mdanderson.org)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family replicases and its implications for genome stability. (nih.gov)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)
  • Nat Struct Mol Biol 29, 376-385 (2022). (rockefeller.edu)
  • Zinc is also an antioxidant and can directly protect cell membrane lipids and proteins and mercaptan-dependent macromolecules (tubulin and enzyme) from oxidative damage [ 6 ]. (nature.com)
  • We speculated that the defect of protein synthesis attenuated expression of other exoglucanases or glucan synthesis-related proteins, and then induced release of Xog1p to the cell wall. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • We demonstrate that recombinant LHCGR proteins which include the hormone-binding domain are secreted from transfected cells and that natural LHCGR is also secreted from human placental explants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • LHCGR recombinant proteins representing varying lengths of the N-terminal extracellular domain were expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells in suspension culture. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vivo studies further confirmed the inhibitory effect of celastrol on the expression of HIF-1α proteins, leading to a decreased growth of Hep3B cells in a xenograft tumor model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The eukaryotic proteins are more complicated than the bacterial enzyme complexes. (tcdb.org)
  • Summary: Kyoto groups creates a synthetic switch using RNA/protein to control proteins of interest in mammalian cells. (openwetware.org)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • Given that mucins and transmembrane proteins play similar roles in yeast osmoregulation, our findings suggest a possible evolutionarily conserved role for the mucin-plasma membrane interface in eukaryotic osmoregulation. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • Organic osmolytes accumulation is mediated by metabolic biosynthesis or transport into the cell via specialized organic osmolyte transporter proteins [5] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • This course introduces molecular, structural and functional organization in both prokaryotic and eucaryotic cells. (laurentian.ca)
  • O'Donnell's lab recently succeeded in determining the architecture of the eukaryotic replisome, a feat not yet accomplished in a prokaryotic system. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. (macomb.edu)
  • 3) How does the cell protect genome stability in response to DNA replication stress? (mdanderson.org)
  • His lab studies how the replisome interacts with DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint machinery, how initiation of replication is directed by nucleosomes, and how replication forks perform nucleosome inheritance, the process by which nucleosomes (the fundamental structural unit of chromosomal DNA) are passed down from parental to daughter DNA during replication. (rockefeller.edu)
  • The team employs strategies such as super resolution microscopy to observe individual replisomes in real time during DNA replication in living cells, and cryo-electron microscopy of DNA-replisome and other replisome-associated complexes. (rockefeller.edu)
  • These studies can be expected to provide new insights into eukaryotic replication, repair, and epigenetic inheritance. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Tunability of DNA polymerase stability during eukaryotic DNA replication. (rockefeller.edu)
  • Pur-alpha is a highly conserved, sequence-specific DNA- and RNA-binding protein involved in diverse cellular and viral functions including transcription, replication, and cell growth. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The human Pur factor binds strongly to a sequence element repeated withinzones of initiation of DNA replication in several eukaryotic cells. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • Haynes, K.A. and P.A. Silver, Eukaryotic systems broaden the scope of synthetic biology. (openwetware.org)
  • 2009. 187(5): p. 589-596.Summary: This review surveys recent advances in eukaryotic synthetic biology and describes how synthetic systems can be linked to natural cellular processes in order to manipulate cell behavior and to foster new discoveries in cell biology research. (openwetware.org)
  • Cell volume is one of the most aggressively defended homeostatic set points in biology. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • 3. Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology & Cell Biology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine. (jcancer.org)
  • Mutations linked to leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter impair the function of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex in diverse ways. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Markedly, we found that suppression of HIF-1α accumulation by celastrol correlated with strong dephosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and its effectors, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), pathways known to regulate HIF-1α expression at the translational level. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The discovery that a group of cell-infecting bacteria lived roughly 2 billion years ago stirs a longstanding controversy around which came first: phagocytosis or mitochondria. (the-scientist.com)
  • But some researchers argue that cells would have needed to evolve mitochondria to fuel phagocytosis. (the-scientist.com)
  • These findings, while interesting, do not rule out the possibility that mitochondria evolved before cells could phagocytose, he says, noting that "there's quite a bit of spread in those estimated dates. (the-scientist.com)
  • F-type ATPases are found in eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts as well as in bacteria. (tcdb.org)
  • All eukaryotic F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + out of mitochondria, or into thylakoids of chloroplasts, per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
  • In mammalian cells, active and silent rDNA promoters are characterized by specific histone modifications, DNA methylation, and positioning of the promoter-bound nucleosome (reviewed in reference 22 ). (asm.org)
  • Feedback Control of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells by Tunable Synthetic Translational Inhibition. (openwetware.org)
  • Capecchi, M. R. (1980) High efficiency transformation by direct microinjection of DNA into cultured mammalian cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • For instance, H19 is the first lncRNA transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is expressed mainly in human embryonic cells. (jcancer.org)
  • The Interplay of Host Autophagy and Eukaryotic Pathogens. (ncbs.res.in)
  • The pool of total DNA resulting from this process can be used to reconstruct the genomes of the host and associated symbionts, pathogens, or "food" DNA presumably present in cell vacuoles. (nature.com)
  • These related species are being used to study the host and pathogen mechanisms responsible for allowing or blocking eukaryotic parasite growth in different tissue niches. (wikipedia.org)
  • Disrupting Plasmodium UIS3-host LC3 interaction with a small molecule causes parasite elimination from host cells. (ncbs.res.in)
  • During the acute phase of illness, the parasite is believed to directly destroy host cells. (medscape.com)
  • Our previous cell and animal experiments confirmed that zinc supplementation could activate Nrf2 and up-regulate its downstream antioxidant factors, thus reducing oxidative damage to renal tubular epithelial cells and kidney tissues [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • The eIF2B protein helps regulate overall protein production (synthesis) in the cell by interacting with another protein, eIF2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Partial loss of eIF2B function makes it more difficult for the body's cells to regulate protein synthesis and deal with changing conditions and stress. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In response to alterations in tonicity, virtually all cells activate mechanisms to regulate cell water and solute content [1] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • His recent work centers around humans and budding yeast, and understanding the dynamic behavior of the eukaryotic replisome components. (rockefeller.edu)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This genetic inventory was sufficient to place the cell within the ToL using multigene phylogenetics and provided preliminary insights into the complex evolutionary history of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in the MAST-4 lineage. (nature.com)
  • Other applications that rely on MDA of single cells include targeted metagenomics, whereby marker genes are PCR-amplified from the DNA sample to decipher their distribution in ecosystems or larger fragments of DNA are assembled for analysis of gene content 11 , 17 . (nature.com)
  • Using these partial data we included the MAST-4 cell in the ToL using multigene phylogenetics and gained insights into its complex evolutionary history of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). (nature.com)
  • By applying the random forests algorithm, a supervised machine learning approach, we show how a multi-gene signature that classifies individual cells into their correct cell cycle phase and cell size can be generated. (frontiersin.org)
  • Detailed analysis of cell cycle predictive genes allowed us to define subpopulations with distinct gene expression profiles and to calculate a cell cycle index that illustrates the transition of cells between cell cycle phases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we employed single-cell gene expression profiling to describe the dynamic transition between cell proliferative states in three different cell lines using a panel consisting of 93 marker genes. (frontiersin.org)
  • The ability of one cell to ingest another, called phagocytosis, was a crucial step in the evolution of eukaryotic cells and may explain how membrane-bound organelles first came to be. (the-scientist.com)
  • Phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells was evaluated by counting colony forming units. (researchsquare.com)
  • Moreover, flavopiridol promoted the phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • In addition, flavopiridol promoted the phagocytosis of RAW 264.7 cells and exhibited antifungal function, indicating the potential therapeutic role of flavopiridol in fungal keratitis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Specifically, we will focus on the scientific method, organization of the body and anatomical language, homeostasis, cell and tissue function, the skeletal system, the muscular system, and the nervous system. (uca.edu)
  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the amastigote form, parasites can multiply in the cells of virtually every organ and tissue. (medscape.com)
  • The present study uses the integration of probabilistic mathematical models and experimental data on MMR − versus MMR + cells to describe the effects of IUdR incorporation upon the cell cycle for the purpose of increasing IUdR-mediated radiosensitivity in MMR − cells. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The second model defines the relation between the percentage of cells in the different cell cycle states and the corresponding IUdR-DNA incorporation at a particular time point. (aacrjournals.org)
  • These models can be combined to predict IUdR-DNA incorporation at any time in the cell cycle. (aacrjournals.org)
  • E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • The powerful quantitative metabolomics-fluxomics approach will help our ability to engineer unicellular and multicellular organisms evolve from trial-and-error to a more predictable process, and from cells to organ and organisms. (mdpi.com)
  • These laboratory exercises introduce students to the structure and function of cells, organisms, and communities. (uca.edu)
  • This course addresses the process of science, as well as a broad range of biological topics, including evolution, genetics, and the structure and function of cells, organisms, communities, and ecosystems. (uca.edu)
  • Contrast plant and animal cells. (macomb.edu)
  • In contrast, silencing of UASR1 suppressed cell proliferation and migration. (jcancer.org)
  • C. albicans Hom6p thus had an effect on cell survival and cell adhesion by maintaining protein synthesis and cell wall function. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Cell proliferation includes a series of events that is tightly regulated by several checkpoints and layers of control mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
  • In conclusion, we provide useful experimental approaches and bioinformatics to identify informative and predictive genes at the single-cell level, which opens up new means to describe and understand cell proliferation and subpopulation dynamics. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, most of our knowledge about cell proliferation comes from studies that average data from large and mixed cell populations. (frontiersin.org)
  • The cell cycle is the process of accurate self-reproduction and proliferation of a cell. (intechopen.com)
  • Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
  • Ectopic expression of UASR1 promoted proliferation and clonogenic growth of breast cancer cells MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. (jcancer.org)
  • Further studies showed that UASR1 activated AKT and AKT-mediated mTOR signaling pathway to stimulate cell proliferation and growth. (jcancer.org)
  • Some lncRNAs affect the growth and development of breast cancer by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, and others are involved in invasion and metastasis and drug resistance of breast cancer [ 6 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Published 29 December 2018 The baculovirus-insect cell expression system has become one of the most widely used eukaryotic expression systems for heterologous protein production in many laboratories. (lu.se)
  • The spores have a bulky cell wall to help them live outside the host cell during transmission, as well as a polar tube that aids in the infection of the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The sporoplasm becomes the merit, which then becomes more spores after infection within the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell adhesion is the first step in C. albicans infection of epithelia. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis is persistent or recurrent candidal infection due to inherited T-cell defects. (msdmanuals.com)
  • He is director of research at CNRS and, since 2001, is the head of the Laboratory of Bacterial Envelopes and Antibiotics which, for more than 30 years, has been studying the biochemistry, genetics and physiology of the bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis pathway as a whole. (degruyter.com)
  • His main research interests concern the identification of genes and enzymes involved in this pathway, the regulation of this metabolism, the mode of action of antibiotics and bacteriocins interfering with this pathway and the corresponding resistance mechanisms, as well as the molecular bases for the recognition of bacterial cell-wall peptidoglycan by host innate immunity mechanisms. (degruyter.com)
  • For more than 15 years he has been involved in discovery of inhibitors of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis as potential antibacterial agents. (degruyter.com)
  • Bacterial F-type ATPases pump 3-4 H + and/or Na + (depending on the system) out of the cell per ATP hydrolyzed. (tcdb.org)
  • The DNA damage-recognition problem in human and other eukaryotic cell: the XPA damage binding protein. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • It is important to recognize that the human body functions due to an elaborate coordination within and between cells, tissues and organs. (uca.edu)
  • However, impaired splicing affects only a subset of human transcripts, enriched for mitotic cell cycle factors, leading to mitotic arrest. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Human blood contains two subsets of dendritic cells, one immunologically mature and the other immature. (doximity.com)
  • Celastrol showed a potent inhibitory activity against HIF-1 activation induced by hypoxia in various human cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We are using the yeast model organism Saccharomyces castellii, which has telomere traits and telomerase activity that are highly similar to human cells. (lu.se)
  • Here, we characterize SpCas9 targeting specificity in human cells to inform the selection of target sites and avoid off-target effects. (cdc.gov)
  • Using the SURVEYOR nuclease assay 13 , we assessed the ability of each Cas9-sgRNA complex to generate indels in human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293FT cells through the induction of DNA doublestranded breaks (DSBs) and subsequent nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA damage repair (Online Methods). (cdc.gov)
  • Only ∼50% of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) is transcribed in proliferating cells. (asm.org)
  • A commonly used approach to address the massive scale of microbial eukaryotic biodiversity 2 is DNA "barcoding" (e.g., using rDNA hypervariable regions 10 ) to identify uncultured lineages. (nature.com)
  • Parafollicular (PF) cells secrete 5-HT in response to stimulation of a G-protein-coupled Ca 2+ receptor (CaR) by increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ). (jneurosci.org)
  • As a result, PF cells secrete both transmitters when stimulated by their natural secretogogue, increased extracellular Ca 2+ (↑[Ca 2+ ] e ) ( Nunez and Gershon, 1978 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • A comparison of their known functions has identified, besides a common role within protein folding, multiple roles for the cyclophilins within pre-mRNA splicing and cellular signalling, and within transcription and cell cycle regulation for the parvulins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cellular studies show the replisome is intimately involved with the inheritance of epigenetic information and cell fate, and the O'Donnell lab is working to understand the mechanistic details of these processes. (rockefeller.edu)
  • instead, a specific intra-cellular role of truncated receptor in regulating the cell surface expression of a full-length ligand-binding Lhcgr has been proposed [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ethanol can interfere with cell membrane's ability to act as a barrier, and interrupt key cellular processes such as protein biosynthesis, energy transduction and transport[ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In multicellular cyanobacteria, septal junctions enable molecular exchange between sister cells and are required for cellular differentiation. (biorxiv.org)
  • Normal cellular ageing involves the shortening of telomeres in each cell division. (lu.se)
  • A marked host inflammatory reaction characterized by local accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, lymphocytes, and plasma cells is associated with these areas of cellular destruction. (medscape.com)
  • The molecular mechanisms of animal cell osmoregulation are poorly understood. (prolekarniky.cz)
  • After successfully completing this course, the student will be able to state, in writing, the mechanisms by which substances enter and exit cells. (macomb.edu)
  • we also demonstrate that Hom6p can localize at cell wall by western blot. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • Moreover, C. albicans Hom6p affects expression of the cell wall protein Xog1p which is a major exoglucanase and is found to be involved in cell adhesion. (ncl.edu.tw)
  • In RAW 264.7 cells, flavopiridol treatment inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-a expression but promoted IL-10 expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • Flavopiridol treatment notably upregulated the protein expression of LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg7 in infected corneas as well as in RAW 264.7 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Additionally, the truncated Lhcgr, misrouted the full-length Lhcgr in ER, thereby decreasing the cell surface expression of the mature functional receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
  • I. Expression on dendritic cells and other subsets of mouse leukocytes. (doximity.com)
  • Here, we used quantitative real-time PCR, profiling the expression of 93 genes in single-cells from three different cell lines. (frontiersin.org)
  • We found that the total transcript level per cell and the expression of most individual genes correlated with progression through the cell cycle, but not with cell size. (frontiersin.org)
  • From forced expression studies in both cell lines and primary turned ON/OFF. (lu.se)
  • When the histiocytes or other inflammatory cells ingest the parasites, they transform into amastigotes. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies in our laboratory have described increased and preferential radiosensitization of mismatch repair-deficient (MMR − ) HCT116 colon cancer cells with 5-iododeoxyuridine (IUdR). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The telomeres are the DNA-protein structures at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, which serve to protect and stabilize the genome. (lu.se)
  • In cancer cells, the telomerase enzyme elongates telomeres, providing a mechanism for a continued unlimited cell division. (lu.se)
  • Despite their shared conservation throughout nature, the three traditional PPIase families do not share a conserved role in cell viability. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, two cytosolic PPIases, PpiB and trigger factor, in Bacillus subtilis have been shown not to possess an essential function under normal growth conditions, but they become essential for cell viability under starvation conditions [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to test cell viability. (researchsquare.com)
  • 2012 ). In vitro , flavopiridol suppresses the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells in the model of murine hepatitis, which is a crucial step in the initiation of inflammation (Schmerwitz et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • The first is a stochastic model of the progression of cell cycle states, which is applied to experimental data for two synchronized isogenic MMR + and MMR − colon cancer cell lines treated with and without IUdR. (aacrjournals.org)
  • The molecular processes behind cell cycle progression have been dissected by numerous morphological studies on live or fixed single cells using a plethora of techniques to visualize components and processes during cell division. (frontiersin.org)
  • Such data are only indirectly related to quantitative changes in cells at different states of division and growth. (frontiersin.org)
  • After successfully completing this course, the student will be able to explain the importance of cell growth, reproduction, and the processes involved. (macomb.edu)
  • These complexes can be immunoextracted from cell lysatesusing monoclonal antibodies to either Pur alpha or Rb. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • They perform virtually every function of a cell, serving as both functional (e. , enzymes) and structural elements. (caisouthern.com)
  • glycerol, sorbitol, myo-inositol, etc), which are non-ionic solutes that can be accumulated to high (100s of mM) concentrations without affecting cell structure and/or protein function [4] . (prolekarniky.cz)
  • A different experimental approach by West and Cooke [ 10 ] demonstrated the secretion of M r 80-90K hCG-LH receptor complex into the culture media from ligand-induced rat and mouse leydig cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, the formation of the basic cap-binding complex, eukaryotic initiation. (caisouthern.com)
  • In all cases, the parasites have successfully entered various cells of the body and formed pseudocysts, each containing hundreds to thousands of amastigotes. (medscape.com)
  • Although most cancer cells activate telomerase to maintain telomere length, about 10% of tumors use an alternative telomere lengthening mechanism, the so-called ALT mechanism. (lu.se)
  • The hormonal activation occurs through specific ligand-receptor interactions on the surface of the target cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DEC-205, a 205-kDa protein abundant on mouse dendritic cells and thymic epithelium that is detected by the monoclonal antibody NLDC-145: purification, characterization. (doximity.com)
  • Defects in the ability of cells to properly respond to and repair DNA damage result in genomic instability and underlie many forms of cancer. (mdanderson.org)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • 100 predicted genomic off-target loci in 293T and 293FT cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Manuka honey permeated 24 h established biofilms of S. pyogenes, resulting in significant cell death and dissociation of cells from the biofilm. (microbiologyresearch.org)