• These senescent cells acquired the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). (metasystems-probes.com)
  • They are an integral part of the later phase of the cellular stress response, i.e. the stress-induced senescence-like phenotype, as well as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In fact, several components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) may induce in fl ammatory conditions that can directly or indirectly promote tumor growth, invasion and metastasis, and tumor vascularization. (topazium.com)
  • Using microfluidic invasion models, metabolomics, computational flux balance analysis, and bioinformatic analysis of patient data, the functional links between the stem‐like, invasive, and metabolic phenotype of breast cancer cells as a function of HA biosynthesis are investigated. (nsf.gov)
  • Accordingly, overexpression of hyaluronic acid synthases (HAS) 2 or 3 induces a metabolic phenotype that promotes cancer cell stemness and invasion in vitro and upregulates a transcriptomic signature predictive of increased invasion and worse patient survival. (nsf.gov)
  • however, stromal cells that accumulate in tissues and undergo senescence eventually develop a senescence-associated secretory phenotype that alters the microenvironment to promote cancer. (nsf.gov)
  • Post-senescent MSCs also induced an invasive breast cancer cell phenotype, characterized by increased proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. (nsf.gov)
  • On the other hand, senescent cells secrete many proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and proteases, collectively termed as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which causes chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction. (molcells.org)
  • Furthermore, senescent cells, with the secretory features known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), could produce proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein1 (MCP-1), to greatly affect the neighboring cells [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • introduced a new concept of CKD-associated secretory phenotype (CASP), which indicates that senescent renal cells could secrete SASP components of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, and TNF- α [ 19 , 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Specifically, a method of converting glial cells from an M1 phenotype to an M2 phenotype, wherein Nurr1 and Foxa2 are introduced into the glial cells to be overexpressed in the glial cells and a method of preventing or treating an inflammatory neurologic disorder, which includes glial cells into which Nurr1 and Foxa2 are introduced, or a viral vector loaded with Nurr1 and Foxa2, are provided. (justia.com)
  • Meanwhile, it is known that glial cells with an M1 phenotype which set up a diseased environment can be converted into glial cells with an M2 phenotype which promote a therapeutic environment in which the survival and regeneration of neurons is set up. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, the present inventors have found that various neurologic disorders based on inflammation may be treated since transcription factors Nurr1 and Foxa2 interact with each other to convert glial cells from an M1 phenotype to an M2 phenotype which sets up a therapeutic environment, when the transcription factors are overexpressed in the glial cells. (justia.com)
  • The results of this study suggest that inhibition of mitochondrial-linked pyrimidine synthesis in cancer cells results in a more aggressive tumor phenotype. (biomed.news)
  • Enteroendocrine cells (EEs) are evolutionarily conserved gastrointestinal secretory cells that show scattered distribution in the intestinal epithelium. (bioone.org)
  • These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • Studies from a number of laboratories in the past decade have revealed that the central pathways deregulated in cancer often serve to coordinately regulate both classic oncogenic signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation and cell survival with pathways controlling cell metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Since 1858, when Rudolf Virchow formulated the idea that cancer cells are the body's own cells ( Virchow, 1858 ), many hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of cancer cells and how they develop such a heterogenetic morphology, increased proliferation, metastatic capacity, and invasive behavior. (frontiersin.org)
  • Knockdown of TET1 or ectopic expression of TET2 in T-ALL was associated with genome-wide changes in 5mC and 5hmC enrichment and decreased cell proliferation, suggesting a tumor promoting function of TET1, and a tumor suppressing role for TET2. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Despite their wide differences ( 1 ), most theories about cancer proposed during the past century agree that cancer is a biological nonsense for the organism in which it originates since cancer cells are believed to be - relatively - autonomous, meaning that they are not subject to the rules and regulations that control normal cell proliferation and differentiation in the organism. (topazium.com)
  • Firstly, at cellular level, a senescent cellmay be a barrier to tumor development because the constitutivedif fi culty of a senescent cell to initiate cellular proliferation to form a tumor. (topazium.com)
  • WAT is characterised by its capacity to adapt and expand in response to surplus energy through processes of adipocyte hypertrophy and/or recruitment and proliferation of precursor cells in combination with vascular and extracellular matrix remodelling. (springer.com)
  • Deletions of multiple GID subunits compromise cell proliferation, and this defect is accompanied by deregulation of critical cell cycle markers such as the retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor, phospho-Histone H3 and Cyclin A. We identify the negative regulator of pro-proliferative genes Hbp1 as a bonafide GID/CTLH proteolytic substrate. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many different cells produce TGF beta and it mediates effects on the proliferation, differentiation and function of many cell types. (thermofisher.com)
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) results from the over-proliferation of progenitor cells of the myeloid lineage in the bone marrow. (ghrnet.org)
  • Combined treatment with selumetinib and a dose of palbociclib sufficient to reinforce G1 arrest in selumetinib-sensitive cells, but not to impair proliferation of resistant cells, delays the emergence of resistant colonies, meaning that escape from G1 arrest is critical in the formation of resistant clones. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
  • STAT3 disruption also suppresses endothelial HDAC9 and blocks CM-induced HDAC9 expression, whereas HDAC9 re-expression restores CM-enhanced endothelial proliferation. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our findings demonstrate functional non-equivalence of discernable aneuploidies on tumourigenesis and suggest a cell non-autonomous mechanism by which aneuploidy-induced senescent cells and SASP can affect the tumour microenvironment to promote tumour progression. (metasystems-probes.com)
  • In the latter case, they enter into a self-driven adaptive and evolutionary process that generates a progression of disordered cells and that results in a broad spectrum of progeny with different characteristics. (frontiersin.org)
  • On the other hand, at tissue level, the accumulationof senescent cells in a tissue or in an organ may induce organismal ageing and simultaneously contribute to the origin and progression of cancer. (topazium.com)
  • Inflammation plays a role in the progression to cancer and it is linked to the presence of senescent cells. (shengsci.com)
  • We hypothesized that a preneoplastic field of inflammation, telomere shortening, and senescence underlies tumor progression in UC progressors. (shengsci.com)
  • The alteration of metabolic pathways is a critical strategy for cancer cells to attain the traits necessary for metastasis in disease progression. (biomed.news)
  • Paralleling the emergence of targeted therapeutics in cancer treatment, a variety of experimental approaches has led to the conclusion that tumors bearing some specific genetic alterations may lead them to be uniquely sensitive to agents deregulating their cellular metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • My research is focused on cellular crosstalk in the tumour microenvironment leading to metastasis formation. (essex.ac.uk)
  • 2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
  • We found that cellular senescence and tumor regression upon MYC inactivation in T-ALL was associated with genome-wide changes in 5mC and 5hmC patterns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The multi‑dimensional nature of their roles in cellular homeostasis, cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication at the level of the organism, as well as their actions on the holobiome (intra‑/interspecies interaction), have garnered the interest of a large number of researchers. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In these organs, any injury causing loss of cells or cellular function cannot be compensated by cellular division and in consequence, the original size and function cannot be restored. (topazium.com)
  • It is known that cellular senescence is triggered by different factors, including, among others, telomere shortening and DNA damage. (topazium.com)
  • showed that the balance of ubiquitination and deubiquitination, that play different roles in regulating protein stability and cellular homeostasis, is another inducer of cellular senescence. (topazium.com)
  • Although much should be achieved for completely understanding the biological basis of aging, cellular senescence is now believed to mainly contribute to organismal aging via two independent, yet not mutually exclusive mechanisms: on the one hand, senescence of stem cells leads to exhaustion of stem cells and thus decreases tissue regeneration. (molcells.org)
  • Much effort has been recently made to therapeutically target detrimental effects of cellular senescence including selectively eliminating senescent cells (senolytics) and modulating a proinflammatory senescent secretome (senostatics). (molcells.org)
  • Our biochemical and cellular analysis thus demonstrates that the GID/CTLH complex prevents cell cycle exit in G1, at least in part by degrading Hbp1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cellular proteostasis involves the coordinated and compensatory action of pathways that control biogenesis, folding, trafficking and breakdown of proteins allowing the cell to adapt to physiological or pathological environmental changes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Cellular senescence, which recently has gained broad attention, is thought to be an important player in the onset and development of diabetic nephropathy. (hindawi.com)
  • In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
  • Moreover, we highlight the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy and provide important clues for clinical strategies. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, the emerging role of cellular senescence in DN has attracted a broad attention. (hindawi.com)
  • In the present review, we will focus on the role of cellular senescence and its related mechanisms in DN. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, we will explore the potential therapeutic targets of cellular senescence and provide important clues for clinical strategies in the management of DN. (hindawi.com)
  • Cellular aging or cellular senescence is the critical factor for the process of aging. (hindawi.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • This receptor is found in moderate levels on some normal cells and as the gene's name implies, it is involved in cellular responses to growth factors. (cancerquest.org)
  • Exogenous expression of PACS-1 into miRNA 34a or 449a transfected cervical cancer cell lines leads to reversal of the DNA damage response (DDR), p53 activation and cell death induced by the two miRNAs. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cell death is a key tumour suppressor mechanism that must be inhibited in order for cancer to develop. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Our findings argue that senescence acts as a tumor suppressor mechanism that is abrogated during the transition from LGD to HGD in UC. (shengsci.com)
  • Depletion of p53 reduced the number of senescent cells with concomitant increase in cells undergoing DNA replication. (metasystems-probes.com)
  • Third was induced in senescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cultured for a long time (passage 6) but not in MEFs at passage 1 (Fig. S3). (ampkpathway.com)
  • However we didn't discover clusters of Ecrg4+ cells in the aged human brain indicating that neighboring cells usually do not become senescent at onetime perhaps due to unidentified inhibitors for Ecrg4 or Ecrg4 performing within a cell-autonomous way as regarding IL6 (29). (ampkpathway.com)
  • 8) although Ecrg4 is certainly unlikely to be engaged in oligodendrocyte differentiation (Fig. 3(mwere amplified through the cDNA of senescent mOPC and CG4 cells respectively using RT-PCR and Phusion polymerase (Finnzyme) plus they had been cloned in to the pDrive vector (Qiagen) following manufacturer's guidelines. (ampkpathway.com)
  • In addition, recent studies have found that senescent cells are tumor promoters by up-regulating p38MAPK and MAPK/ERK signaling. (topazium.com)
  • The above considerations strongly suggest that modulating SASP or eliminating senescent cells by the use of senolytic drugs may be bene fi cial for cancer prevention and treatment. (topazium.com)
  • We recently investigated the molecular and mechanical differences in pre- and post- senescent MSCs and how their interactions with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells contribute to malignancy. (nsf.gov)
  • This led to an intriguing hypothesis that senescence contributes to aging, and thus the elimination of senescent cells might delay the aging process. (molcells.org)
  • Upon the administration of a synthetic drug called rapalog, p16 INK4A positive senescent cells are removed in this system by apoptosis. (molcells.org)
  • The effects of the elimination of senescent cells were simply striking. (molcells.org)
  • Although the senescent cells remain viable, they show typical changes with enlarged and flattened cell bodies, apoptosis resistance, increased activity of senescence-associated β -galactosidase (SA- β -gal), and upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors including p16 INK4A , ARF proteins, and p21 [ 13 - 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, in this review, we avoid a lengthy repetition of the description of autophagy and cell death processes and focus on the death-promoting roles of autophagy and the intertwined connection between autophagy and apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • Ectopic expression of the gene in the cell lines resulted in cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in vitro and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo in nude mice. (uclahealth.org)
  • The major form of programmed cell death is apoptosis, a process in which mitochondria play an essential role. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Endogenous interleukin-4 promotes tumor development by increasing tumor cell resistance to apoptosis. (shengsci.com)
  • Traditionally, cell death has been divided into apoptosis and necrosis. (nature.com)
  • It does not have the morphological characteristics of typical necrosis, such as swelling of the cytoplasm and organelles and rupture of the cell membrane, nor does it have the characteristics of traditional cell apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and disintegration of the cytoskeleton. (nature.com)
  • There is remarkable similarity between the well known genetic mechanisms that specify the lineage of diverse neuron subtypes and that of macroglial cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endocrinology, by definition, focuses on homeostatic, and cell‑to‑cell and tissue‑to‑tissue communication mechanisms. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These findings support that Nurr1 exerts a protective effect on adult mDA neurons in a cell-autonomous manner Indeed, several intrinsic mechanisms associated with Nurr1-mediated cell survival have been identified. (justia.com)
  • How to intervene in the occurrence and development of related diseases by regulating cell ferroptosis has become a hotspot and focus of etiological research and treatment, but the functional changes and specific molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis still need to be further explored. (nature.com)
  • Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Our understanding of mitochondrial transcription in mammalian cells has largely progressed, but the mechanisms regulating mtDNA gene expression are still poorly understood despite their profound importance for human disease. (biomed.news)
  • In a fasting state, increased glucagon and epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion induce autophagy, and glucocorticoids have also been shown to induce autophagy by stimulating the transcription of autophagy genes such as ATG5, LC3, and Beclin-1 in various tissues 8 . (nature.com)
  • non-etheless because various other senescence-inducing secretion elements (30) including IGFBPs IL TGFβ and PAI1 not merely induce senescence but also trigger or donate to degenerative adjustments in the encompassing cells (31-33) it'll be of great curiosity to research the physiological need for Ecrg4's function. (ampkpathway.com)
  • Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
  • In-depth omics analysis revealed differentially regulated genes and peptides including factors related to inflammatory cytokines, cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix, and cytoskeletal regulation. (nsf.gov)
  • Cell 137: 47-59) has identified an unexpected effect of Nurr1 which is expressed in glial cells in response to stimuli which trigger inflammation, and this Nurr1 suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause the death of mDA neurons, but does not suggest a therapeutic effect through induction of Nurr1 expression. (justia.com)
  • were able to show that the introduction of non-cancerous mitochondria into highly malignant breast cancer cells could reverse malignancy and down-regulate several oncogenic pathways such as invasion, in vivo tumor growth, and others. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we show that p16 Ink4a deficiency enhances fasting-induced hepatic glucose production in vivo by increasing the expression of key gluconeogenic genes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Pre-GEPCOT cells could not form neurospheres but expressed the stem cell markers Slc1a3-CreER T , GFAP-CreER T2 , Sox2 CreERT2 , and Gli1 CreERT2 and were long-lived in vivo. (elifesciences.org)
  • In addition, mtDNA stress in TFAM-deficient mouse melanoma cells produces tumours that are more resistant to doxorubicin in vivo. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • Srivatsan's studies further revealed that cathepsin L, a protein overexpressed in several tumors and linked to invasion and metastasis as the physiological target of cystatin E/M. (uclahealth.org)
  • Metastasis is the leading cause of breast cancer‐related deaths and is often driven by invasion and cancer‐stem like cells (CSCs). (nsf.gov)
  • However, emerging evidence suggests that autophagy is a primary mechanism of cell death (autophagic cell death, ACD) and implicates ACD in several aspects of mammalian physiology, including tumor suppression and psychological disorders. (nature.com)
  • Autophagy is generally considered as a cell survival/protection mechanism because it removes toxic or obsolete proteins and organelles and recycles the degradation products for use as sources for energy and metabolites in anabolic pathways 3 . (nature.com)
  • They are derived by a targeted mechanism from the cell endocytic compartment and are formed and stored within the intracellular multivesicular bodies (MVBs). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • RNA-seq interrogation of antioxidant-treated cells further showed increased expression of NRF2 inducible genes. (bvsalud.org)
  • The expression of CYP1A1 and genes related to aryl hydrocarbon activation were induced by PM2.5 and suppressed by antioxidants. (bvsalud.org)
  • Researchers found that iPSCs made from donors in their late 80s had twice as many mutations among protein-encoding genes as stem cells made from donors in their early 20s. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Of the 336 different mutations that were identified in the iPSCs generated for the study, 24 were in genes that could impair cell function or trigger tumor growth if they malfunctioned. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The CDKN2A/B locus contains genes encoding cell cycle inhibitors, including p16 Ink4a , which have not yet been implicated in the control of hepatic glucose homeostasis. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Selumetinib causes long-term G1 arrest accompanied by reduced expression of DNA replication and repair genes, but cells stochastically re-enter the cell cycle during treatment despite continued repression of pERK1/2. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The genes that have been identified to date have been categorized into two broad categories, depending on their normal functions in the cell. (cancerquest.org)
  • Genes whose protein products stimulate or enhance the division and viability of cells. (cancerquest.org)
  • This first category also includes genes that contribute to tumor growth by inhibiting cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • The genes in the second group are called tumor suppressors. (cancerquest.org)
  • Many of these genes are responsible for providing the positive signals that lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • As stated in the introduction to this section, the defective versions of these genes, known as oncogenes, can cause a cell to divide in an unregulated manner. (cancerquest.org)
  • This is in contrast with tumor suppressor genes which must BOTH be defective to lead to abnormal cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Despite the differences in their normal roles, these genes all contribute to unregulated cell division if they are present in a mutant (oncogenic) form. (cancerquest.org)
  • Mosquito hemocytes are circulated throughout the hemocoel (body cavity) by the swift flow of hemolymph (blood), and data show that some hemocytes also exist as sessile cells that are attached to tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In particular, glial cells in nerve tissues include astrocytes and microglial cells and are accessory cells that aid in promoting the functions and survival of neurons. (justia.com)
  • Unlike some other tissues, it has not been possible to identify or purify neural stem cells directly from the tissue. (elifesciences.org)
  • Skin malignancies, including epidermal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), alone account for nearly as many cancers as all other tissues combined. (stanford.edu)
  • It is also found in LUNG, TESTIS, OVARY, KIDNEY, and BREAST, and is expressed in many tumor types found in these tissues. (lookformedical.com)
  • Therefore, we propose that damage to and subsequent release of mtDNA elicits a protective signalling response that enhances nDNA repair in cells and tissues, suggesting that mtDNA is a genotoxic stress sentinel. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • The commonest malignant tumors of bone are Meta-analysis of 14 randomized trials revealed a signifiplasma cell tumors (Chap. Side impact: dryness of mouth, pores and skin, blurred vision, loss of lodging constipation, bradycardia followed by tachycardia, difficulty with micturation, flushing [url=https://samoore.com/products/buy-finpecia-online/] hair loss jak inhibitor purchase finpecia 1 mg[/url]. (ehd.org)
  • Different levels of viable cell inoculum density produced contrasting effects between 255 solid tumors as compared to 72 malignant. (shengsci.com)
  • These studies have demonstrated that overexpression of PACS-1 could serve as a diagnostic marker of tumor development and downregulation of PACS-1 through CRISPR/CAS9 system as a therapeutic model for the treatment of chemo-radiation resistant human tumors. (uclahealth.org)
  • It reveals a coordinated interplay between the components of the DNA (de)methylating machinery that contribute to MYC-driven tumor maintenance, highlighting the potential of specific TET enzymes for therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sensitivity to cell death also governs therapeutic efficacy because anti-cancer therapies often act by killing cells. (gla.ac.uk)
  • The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Conversely, brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of WAT represent potential therapeutic approaches, since dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by BAT/browning-mediated oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects. (springer.com)
  • As it is in much of life, the aging process isn't kind to an important type of stem cell that has great therapeutic promise. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This is supported by 3D neuropil reconstructions indicating similar mitochondrial densities in both cell types, as well as cell-specific transcriptomic and proteomic data, and tricarboxylic acid cycle rates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dr. Otto Warburg first described, more than 80 years ago, that a fundamental biochemical difference between tumor cells and their normal counterparts was that tumor cells rely on aerobic glycolysis for ATP generation, unlike most normal differentiated cells of the body, which use mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Furthermore, during recent decades, in several transfer experiments (nucleus and mitochondrial transfer) the tumor-suppressing effect of normal cytoplasm, as well as of normal mitochondria, could be demonstrated, despite the presence of cancerous nuclear genomes ( Seyfried, 2015 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Mitochondrial DNA in cell death and inflammation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Here we determine the importance of mitochondrial-linked pyrimidine synthesis for the aggressiveness of cancer cells. (biomed.news)
  • Researchers who looked at the effect of aging on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) found that genetic mutations increased with the age of the donor who provided the source cells, according to study results. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers at the Scripps Translational Science Institute (STSI) and The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) who looked at the effect of aging on induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) found that genetic mutations increased with the age of the donor who provided the source cells, according to study results published by the journal Nature Biotechnology . (sciencedaily.com)
  • Our study highlights that increased risk of mutations in iPSCs made from older donors of source cells. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Unexpectedly, iPSCs made from blood cells donated by people over 90 years old actually contained fewer mutations than what researchers had expected. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Researchers said the reason for this could be tied to the fact that blood stem cells remaining in elderly people have been protected from mutations over their lifetime by dividing less frequently. (sciencedaily.com)
  • How troublesome these mutations could be depends on how well the stem cells are screened to filter out the defects and how they are used therapeutically, Torkamani said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Melanoma in particular exhibits a high incidence of activating BRAF and NRAS mutations and such cells are addicted to the activity of these mutant oncoproteins. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIF: Il est bien établi que l'exposition de la peau humaine à la pollution atmosphérique, en particulier sous forme de particules d'une taille de 2,5 µm (PM2,5 ), est associée à un stress oxydatif, à des dommages à l'ADN et à une inflammation entraînant des signes prématurés de vieillissement cutané. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitochondria and cell death-associated inflammation. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Ulcerative colitis-associated colorectal cancer arises in a field of short telomeres, senescence, and inflammation. (shengsci.com)
  • Multiple biopsies of varying histologic grade were collected along the colon of nine UC progressors and analyzed for telomere length, DNA damage, senescence, p53, p16, and chronic and acute inflammation. (shengsci.com)
  • These results suggest that dysplasia arises in a preneoplastic field of chronic inflammation, which leads to telomere shortening, DNA damage, and senescence. (shengsci.com)
  • 2009) A Nurr1/CoREST pathway in microglia and astrocytes protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-induced death. (justia.com)
  • Here, we investigate amplification events that underlie resistance to the MEK inhibitor selumetinib (AZD6244/ARRY-142886) in COLO205 cells, a well-characterized model for reproducible emergence of drug resistance, and show that amplifications acquired are the primary cause of resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Our findings demonstrate that acquisition of MEK inhibitor resistance often occurs through gene amplification and can be suppressed by impeding cell cycle entry in drug. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • Despite this, clinical responses are typically transient as tumour cells develop resistance. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • The accumulation in adipose tissue of macrophages in an inflammatory state is a hallmark of obesity-induced insulin resistance. (edu.au)
  • The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)
  • Thousands of copies of the circular mtDNA are present in most cell types that are packaged by TFAM into higher-order structures called nucleoids1. (regenerativemedicine.net)
  • They further link to the activation of protein kinase C- (PKC-) induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 6 , 7 ], which further mediates the activation of downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF- κ B). Thus, the main treatments of DN refer to modulate glycemic and blood pressure through insulin and RAS inhibitors. (hindawi.com)
  • In 2012, Dixon 1 first proposed the concept of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent, non-apoptotic mode of cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS). (nature.com)
  • PCD has fundamental functions in tissue development and homeostasis, as PCD is activated to sculpt or remove structures, regulate cell numbers, and eliminate unnecessary or dysfunctional cells. (nature.com)
  • Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Some proto-oncogenes work to regulate cell death. (cancerquest.org)
  • MSCs have been shown to enhance the metastatic potential of tumor cells through direct interactions or paracrine signaling within the tumor. (nsf.gov)
  • PDAC most often presents at an advanced stage and with metastatic disease, which precludes resection, and is often associated with marked chemoresistance and intense desmoplasia that may interfere with tumor blood flow and hinder drug penetration into the pancreatic tumor mass [ 2 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we find that dysregulation of propionate metabolism produces a pro-aggressive signature in breast and lung cancer cells, increasing their metastatic potential. (biomed.news)
  • Moreover, patient-derived orthotopic xenografts can exhibit tumor angiogenesis, whereas conditioned media (CM) from KRC-derived pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) enhance endothelial cell (EC) growth and migration, and activate canonical TGF-β signaling and STAT3. (oncotarget.com)
  • Here, we report that in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) the MYC oncogene controls the expression of TET1 and TET2 to maintain 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) patterns, which is associated with tumor cell-specific gene expression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ferroptosis plays an important regulatory role in the occurrence and development of many diseases, such as tumors, neurological diseases, acute kidney injury, ischemia/reperfusion, etc. (nature.com)
  • This effect on longevity is apparently correlated with the midgut senescence phenotypes as a result of direct hormone action through both hormone receptors expressed in the enteroblasts or other midgut cell types. (bioone.org)
  • Furthermore, these senescence phenotypes appear to be independent of insulin signaling and manifest in an organ-specific manner. (bioone.org)
  • For the cell in the gastrointestinal tract, see Interstitial cell of Cajal . (atozwiki.com)
  • These outcomes claim that Ecrg4 can be one CDX4 factor linking neural-cell senescence and ageing. (ampkpathway.com)
  • They perform many functions, including biochemical control of endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier, provision of nutrients to the nervous tissue, maintenance of extracellular ion balance, regulation of cerebral blood flow, and a role in the repair and scarring process of the brain and spinal cord following infection and traumatic injuries. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We suggest that this situation induces a crisis, which, through putative danger signals resulting from retardation of tissue repair, acceleration of cell loss and functional compromise, might promote some degree of variability in the remaining live but arrested cells of the injured organ. (topazium.com)
  • Experimentally induced breast cancer is often preceded by the appearance of preneoplastic lesions which possess the attributes of hyperplastic normal tissue. (shengsci.com)
  • High turnover rate of transfer RNA in tumor tissue. (shengsci.com)
  • There is also evidence that the deleterious effects mediated by dysfunctional white adipocyte-induced lipid overspill can be halted by the pro-oxidative anti-lipotoxic effects mediated by brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. (springer.com)
  • Our experimental focus is on the mammalian setting using multiomics, informatics, mouse genetics, human genetics, single cell studies, and new human tissue platforms. (stanford.edu)
  • Early features such as stem cell properties has long been proven to be linked to early relapse in AML. (ghrnet.org)
  • Neurosphere formation is commonly used as a surrogate for neural stem cell (NSC) function but the relationship between neurosphere-initiating cells (NICs) and NSCs remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)
  • The control of this transition from epithelial stem cell to differentiated corneocyte, which is abnormal in epidermal cancers, is not well understood. (stanford.edu)
  • We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)
  • The function of histone modifying epigenetic regulators and noncoding RNA as central mediators of epithelial stem cell renewal and differentiation represent major emerging areas of study in the lab. (stanford.edu)
  • Astrocytes are the major source of cholesterol in the central nervous system.Apolipoprotein E transports cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons and other glial cells, regulating cell signaling in the brain. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, under a pathologic condition, the glial cells are instead activated to set up an environment in which the glial cells cause damage to neurons (M1 activation). (justia.com)
  • Neurons that arise in the adult nervous system originate from neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Neural stem cells can also give rise to neural progenitor cells, which proliferate rapidly during their short lives and then 'differentiate' into neurons or glia. (elifesciences.org)
  • Since neurosphere-forming cells can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and glia, the ability of cells to form neurospheres has generally been taken as evidence that they are stem cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Clusters of neurons in the somatic peripheral nervous system which contain the cell bodies of sensory nerve axons. (lookformedical.com)
  • Enriched monolayer precursor cell cultures from micro-dissected adult mouse dentate gyrus yield functional granule cell-like neurons. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Our findings revealed that senescence was accompanied by DNA damage and robust p53 activation. (metasystems-probes.com)
  • Clinical translation of our findings should lead to improvements of existing therapies and development of new approaches to enable tumour selective killing. (gla.ac.uk)
  • These cells classified into several subtypes based on the hormones they produce in both mammals and insects. (bioone.org)
  • In the fruit fly Drosophila, it has been suggested that nearly equal numbers of two subtypes of EEs (Allatostatin A: AstA and Diuretic hormone 31 : Dh31) are alternately produced from the intestinal stem cells in the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • This was in contrast to cells with relatively lower levels of abnormal ploidy that continued to proliferate. (metasystems-probes.com)
  • in fact, in the injured organ which has its regenerative ability lost or diminished, a tumor cell would be the only one able to respond to the demand to proliferate surrounded by " normal " but arrested cells that cannot respond to that signal. (topazium.com)
  • Astrocytes are derived from heterogeneous populations of progenitor cells in the neuroepithelium of the developing central nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consequently, neural stem and progenitor cells have usually been studied retrospectively, based on their ability to form colonies in laboratory cell cultures. (elifesciences.org)
  • A region of the brain called the subventricular zone contains both neural stem cells and neural progenitor cells, and is one of only two regions of the brain where neural stem cells are found in adult mammals. (elifesciences.org)
  • Indeed, Hbp1 accumulates in cells lacking GID/CTLH activity, and Hbp1 physically interacts and is ubiquitinated in vitro by reconstituted GID/CTLH complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Thus, his results clearly demonstrated that cystain E/M is a cervical cancer suppressor gene and controls cell growth through the inhibition of cathepsin L. His laboratory used lentiviral tetracycline inducible system for the exogenous expression of cystatin E/M and have shown growth suppression in xenograft tumor mice model pointing to suppressor function of cystatin E/M protein. (uclahealth.org)
  • In the tumor, MSCs can differentiate into carcinoma-associated fibroblasts that play a central role in tumor growth and matrix remodeling. (nsf.gov)
  • Other reports also show that DN is highly associated with accelerated aging in various types of cells such as tubular cells, podocytes, mesangial cells, and endothelial cells [ 21 - 23 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In yeast, the glucose-induced degradation-deficient (GID) E3 ligase selectively degrades superfluous gluconeogenic enzymes. (elifesciences.org)
  • ERK1/2 inhibitors act as monovalent degraders inducing ubiquitylation and proteasome-dependent turnover of ERK2, but not ERK1. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, according to this hypothesis, the problem might not be solved even if all the tumor cells were eradicated. (topazium.com)
  • An ef fi cient anti-cancer therapy should combine an attack against the tumor cells themselves with the correction of the organ failure, which, according to this hypothesis, would be in the core of the cancer problem. (topazium.com)
  • Exosomes are small lipid bilayer-surrounded extracellular vesicles released from cells into the extracellular space or biological fluids ( 1 , 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Just as with neuronal cell specification, canonical signaling factors like sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor (FGFs), WNTs and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), provide positional information to developing macroglial cells through morphogen gradients along the dorsal-ventral, anterior-posterior and medial-lateral axes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, silencing of cathepsin L led to decreased cell growth and over expression promoted cell growth. (uclahealth.org)
  • Using the inducible and HPV 16 E6 or E7 or E6 and E7 gene transformed human epidermal keratinocyte system the laboratory has shown non-cell autonomous growth inhibition of the tumor cell lines pointing to the utility of developing this suppressor protein for clinical studies. (uclahealth.org)
  • Cystatin E/M Suppresses Tumor Cell Growth through Cytoplasmic Retention of NF-KappaB. (uclahealth.org)
  • Liposome encapsulated curcumin-difluorinated (CDF) inhibits the growth of cisplatin resistant head and neck cancer stem cells. (uclahealth.org)
  • In effect, if the organ failure remained, new tumor cells would emerge and the tumor would reinitiate its progressive growth in response to the permanent regenerative signal of the non-restored organ. (topazium.com)
  • Here, we found that endogenous IL-4 promotes tumor growth because neutralizing IL-4 by 11B1. (shengsci.com)
  • Effects of tumor cell viability and inoculum density on growth parameters in the human tumor, soft-agar clonogenic assay. (shengsci.com)
  • When this process does not occur properly, unregulated cell growth may be the end result. (cancerquest.org)
  • As shown below, binding of the growth factor can lead to cell division. (cancerquest.org)
  • Although HPVs (Human Papilloma Viruses) play an important role in tumor development, detailed studies have shown that viral infection is not sufficient and additional risk factors, including genomic alterations, are involved. (uclahealth.org)
  • I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, the in-deep understanding of the role of senescence (incapacity of cells to divide even in the face of physiological reparative signals) in carcinogenesis may become an important research fi eld that might impact in the development of new therapies against cancer. (topazium.com)
  • summarizes a double role of senescence in cancer. (topazium.com)
  • These cells were then stained with Fixable Viability Dye eFluor® 450 (Product # 65-0863-14), followed by surface staining with Mouse IgG1 K Isotype Control APC (Product # 17-47. (thermofisher.com)
  • Conditional deletion of the Bmi-1 polycomb protein depleted pre-GEPCOT and GEPCOT cells, though pre-GEPCOT cells were more dependent upon Bmi-1 for Cdkn2a ( p16 Ink4a ) repression. (elifesciences.org)
  • Infection induces an increase in the number of hemocytes, and tubulin and nuclear staining showed that this increase is primarily due to mitosis and, more specifically, autonomous cell division, by circulating granulocytes. (biomedcentral.com)