Cell autonomous molecular. Medical search. Frequent questions

With the increased understanding of molecular mechanisms and basic pathways in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the head and neck , these pathways may be modified, and rational approaches in cancer therapy at the molecular level may be created. (medscape.com)
As PGC-like cells represent the earliest stage of the human germ cell lineage, they provide a tool for further understanding the mechanisms underlying the specification and maintenance of the human germline, which cannot always be extrapolated from studies in mice. (nature.com)
Our goal is to convey a picture of pattern formation that draws attention to the principles rather than solely to specific molecular mechanisms. (mpi-cbg.de)
In the following decades, recycling routes for synaptic vesicle and for neurotransmitters were worked out, but only since the mid-1980s are the molecular mechanisms governing the steps in synaptic vesicle cycling becoming known. (sfn.org)
Cellulose Synthesis and Cell Expansion Are Regulated by Different Mechanisms in Growing Arabidopsis Hypocotyls. (mpg.de)
In biology, cells use a variety of mechanisms to deal with sudden changes in their surroundings. (sciencedaily.com)
Leveraging on our expertise in studying autonomous and non-autonomous mechanisms of NDs, we propose an innovative, multinational and multidisciplinary collaborative research project to perform network analyses across NDs and identify key common underlying mechanisms. (alzheimer-europe.org)
but the molecular mechanisms underlying how cells adapt to variations in oxygen supply were unknown until the prize-winning work described here. (nobelprize.org)
My lab's work has pursued how multiple discrete subpopulations of malignant cells within these tumors cooperatively resist therapy via both tumor cell autonomous mechanisms and crosstalk with the stromal microenvironment. (upenn.edu)
Our studies integrate known drug resistance mechanisms into a conceptual framework where oncogenic signal dependence is regulated by flux between distinct cell states. (upenn.edu)
We have additionally identified multiple mechanisms of immune suppression that prevent the development of an endogenous effector T cell response. (hhs.gov)
A new concept is therefore proposed in which tumor cell resistance to targeted therapy may be due to non-cell-autonomous mechanisms. (edu.hk)
However, knowledge of non-cell-autonomous mechanisms of resistance to different treatments is not comprehensive. (edu.hk)

Recent unpublished results from the proposed host institution, the Department of Molecular Neurobiology (Dr. Klein) at Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, indicate that shed ectodomains of FLRTs can function as long-range guidance cues for cortical neurons in vitro and in vivo. (europa.eu)
After positions at the Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden, Germany, University College London and the Francis Crick Institute in the UK, Andy Oates recently joined École Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland where he is the head of the Timing, Oscillation, Patterns Laboratory. (ens-lyon.fr)

[ 3 ] In an attempt to improve outcomes in HNSCC, most research in the field is now focusing on the molecular biology of HNSCC in an attempt to target select pathways involved in carcinogenesis. (medscape.com)
Some of the new approaches depend on tumor biology and aim specifically to inhibit tumor growth and metastasis by targeting the tumor microenvironment or vasculature (leaving normal cells unaffected) or focusing on specific protein or signal transduction pathways. (medscape.com)
Here, we determine the embryonic ontogeny of the two main striatal pathways (striatonigral and striatopallidal) and identify novel (non)cell-autonomous roles for the axon guidance receptor Frizzled3 in uncharacterized aspects of striatal pathway formation (i.e., anterior-posterior axon guidance in the striatum and axon entry into the globus pallidus). (jneurosci.org)
Strikingly, co-occurrence of several NDs in the same patient or family, and evidence that mutations in the same gene lead to several NDs are indicating that common molecular pathways are involved across NDs. (alzheimer-europe.org)
for example, in 1858 Louis Pasteur was the first to show that there is a complex balance of oxygen use in animal cells, and that cells use multiple pathways to accomplish energy con-version (Pasteur, 1858). (nobelprize.org)
As a result, rapid compensation to targeting these pathways occurs not only at the level of signaling networks in individual cells but also through dynamics among diverse cell states cooperatively sustaining cancer progression. (upenn.edu)

The HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases is one of the cytostatic targets in tumor cell growth and survival. (medscape.com)
Dll1-Mediated Notch Signaling Drives Tumor Cell Cross-talk with Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts to Promote Radioresistance in Breast Cancer. (utah.edu)

Interestingly, these prokaryotes also have the simplest molecular mechanism at the heart of their circadian clock. (aps.org)
AiA provides a mechanism to explain cohort behavior of dying cells that is seen both in normal development and under pathological conditions. (elifesciences.org)
found that TNF is produced by apoptotic cells in hair follicles, and that blocking TNF inhibits the death of other cells in the same cohort: this suggests that a common mechanism could regulate the communal death of cells in flies and mammals. (elifesciences.org)
Using a similar pressure-regulating mechanism to that found in cells, scientists created an artificial cell that responds to a sudden and possibly catastrophic change in its surroundings. (sciencedaily.com)
The present project aims to study the role and mechanism of action of the Fibronectin Leucine-Rich Transmembrane (FLRT) family protein in axon guidance and cell migration during mouse central nervous system (CNS) development. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, the Spätzle (Spz) family ligands for the Toll receptor are transcriptionally upregulated by activated JNK signalling in a non-cell-autonomous manner, providing a molecular mechanism for JNK-induced Toll pathway activation. (sdbonline.org)
Noninherent-adaptive drug resistance refers to a non-cell-autonomous mechanism in which the resistance lies in the treatment process rather than genetic or epigenetic changes, and this mechanism is closely related to the TME. (edu.hk)
In this review, we outlined TME factors and molecular events involved in the regulation of non-cell-autonomous resistance of cancer, summarized how the TME contributes to non-cell-autonomous drug resistance in different types of antineoplastic treatment, and discussed the novel strategies to investigate and overcome the non-cell-autonomous mechanism of cancer non-cell-autonomous resistance. (edu.hk)

Nov. 10, 2022 Researchers have discovered a new process that uses fuel to control non-living materials, similar to what living cells do. (sciencedaily.com)
Mar. 16, 2022 Biological processes such as wound healing and cancer cell invasion rely on the collective and coordinated motion of living cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Genetic testing and molecular biomarkers 2022 3 26 (3): 152-156. (cdc.gov)

However, by targeting only the glycosylated form of CEACAM5/6, EBC-129 is able to target cancer cells exclusively, and also acts on a wider range of cancers as it can target cells that express CEACAM5 or CEACAM6 alone, as well as those that express both CEACAM5 and 6. (a-star.edu.sg)
CAR-T-cell therapy is currently used to treat some types of blood cancers that have returned after treatment or that haven't responded to chemotherapy. (news-medical.net)
Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)

In the first of the two new papers, the researchers describe arms that can direct molecular traffic inside cells, degrade specific proteins, and initiate the cell's self-destruct process. (ucsf.edu)
created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
The proposed fellow intends to tackle this problem using a multidisciplinary approach including conditional mouse mutant mice lacking either specific FLRT or Unc5 proteins, cell based functional assays using neurons derived from mutant mice, and molecular and biochemical assays to identify signalling pathways activated by FLRTs. (europa.eu)
The epitope that EBC-129 binds to is a specific glycosylation 1 site that is conserved on both carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecules (CEACAM) 5 and 6, which are proteins over-expressed in cancer cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
It is both expensive and extensive - some of a patient's T-cells are removed and sent to a lab where, in a process that can take several weeks, they're engineered to add chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) that are tuned to home in on specific proteins on the surface of cancer cells. (news-medical.net)
In their absence, the bulk of the matrix proteins are mislocalized to the cytosol 5 , even though these cells still contain peroxisomal membrane structures to which peroxisomal membrane proteins (PMPs) are sorted 6 . (rug.nl)
Like Rb protein, many of the proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes act at specific points in the cell cycle. (medscape.com)

Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol , Art. (mpi-cbg.de)
J Cell Biol (2011) 194 (2): 277-289. (rupress.org)
J. Cell Biol. (rug.nl)

The goal of gene therapy is to introduce new genetic material into cancer cells that selectively kills them without causing toxicity to the surrounding cells. (medscape.com)
A genetic trait in multicellular organisms in which only genotypically mutant cells exhibit the mutant phenotype. (stackexchange.com)
As an example, we recently discovered that the circadian regulator REV-ERBβ is over-expressed in several tumor cells and it operates as a cytoprotective factors upon genetic and pharmacological autophagy inhibition. (iit.it)
Considering the increasing number of epidemiological evidences indicating an intimate link between circadian disruption and tumor development and progression, these studies will provide useful molecular and genetic insights on the circadian/cancer connection. (iit.it)
2. Nuclear transfer is a technique used to duplicate genetic material by creating an embryo through the transfer and fusion of a diploid cell in an enucleated female oocyte.2 Cloning has a broader meaning than nuclear transfer as it also involves gene replication and natural or induced embryo splitting (see Annex 1). (who.int)

The coupling of compartmentalisation with molecular replication is thought to be crucial for the emergence of the first evolvable chemical systems. (nature.com)
This bridges a divide, showing how replication at the molecular level can be used to drive macroscale droplet fission. (nature.com)
One hypothesis is that systems which are able to couple molecular-based template self-replication to cellular objects evolved, overcoming parasitism and problems of dilution, see Fig. 1 1 . (nature.com)
Template self-replication 4 relies on binding of the precursors to the template by molecular recognition, usually combining a hydrogen bonding motif with size, shape and/or charge complementarity. (nature.com)

To explore the underlying molecular events that are associated with the progression of PGD, we sampled Atlantic salmon from three different marine production sites in Scotland and examined the gill tissue at three different levels of organization: gross morphology with the use of PGD scores (macroscopic examination), whole transcriptome (gene expression by RNA-seq) and histopathology (microscopic examination). (frontiersin.org)
Shoot and root single cell sequencing reveals tissue- and daytime-specific transcriptome profiles. (mpg.de)
We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
Although individual motors are only a few nm in size and exert minute forces of a few pN, cells spatially integrate the activity of an ensemble of motors to produce larger contractile forces (BnN and greater) on cellular, tissue, and organismal length scales. (amolf.nl)
This system drives the rhythmic, sequential, and precise formation of embryonic body segments, exhibiting rich spatial and temporal phenomena spanning from molecular to tissue scales. (ens-lyon.fr)
I will describe recent progress in understanding the behavior of individual cells from the zebrafish as they slow their oscillations and differentiate during segmentation, and discuss how this gives rise to the tissue-level wave patterns. (ens-lyon.fr)
These changes in gene expression alter cell metabolism, tissue re-modeling, and even organismal responses such as increases in heart rate and ventilation. (nobelprize.org)
An invasive PDA represents the coordinated evolution of cell- intrinsic and extrinsic processes and capabilities that subvert and repurpose the dictums of normal tissue composition, architecture, and physiology to foster unbridled growth and colonization. (hhs.gov)
Use of human fetal tissue raises several ethical issues, but are there alternative cell sources that can substitute effectively? (lu.se)
Through understanding functional recovery in terms of neuronal subtype and connectivity, the work presented in this thesis aims to bring the prospect of CRT closer to the clinic, I also describe the generation of a very promising alternative cell source that could rival fetal tissue. (lu.se)

[ 1 ] Early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is treated relatively well with single-modality therapy (either surgery or radiation alone). (medscape.com)
Go to Imaging of Nasopharyngeal and Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma for complete information on these topics. (medscape.com)
For example, CBP alone has been implicated in a wide variety of pathophysiologies including colorectal cancer as well as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)

We have undertaken a systematic exploration of the cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous processes that drive PDA pathogenesis and resistance. (hhs.gov)

Molecular Oncology (in press) 2023. (upenn.edu)

A proper understanding of the molecular drivers responsible for GBM progression are therefore necessary to instruct the development of novel targeted agents and enable the design of effective treatment strategies. (aspetjournals.org)
The tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes various types of cells and extracellular components, mediates tumor progression and affects treatment efficacy. (edu.hk)
The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)

Despite the identification of several molecules that regulate axon guidance and cell migration, it is unclear how these factors can specify a large number of connections in the nervous system. (europa.eu)
Together, these data dissect MSN pathway development and reveal (non)cell-autonomous roles for Frizzled3 in MSN axon guidance. (jneurosci.org)
Further, they are the first to identify a gene that provides anterior-posterior axon guidance in a large brain nucleus and link Frizzled3 to corridor cell development. (jneurosci.org)

Much of what is known about mammalian germ cell specification is based on studies in mice, in which PGCs are specified at embryonic day 6.5 (E6.5) by bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and other signals. (nature.com)
Amazingly, this can be accomplished without any direct human intervention thanks to a first-of-its-kind artificial protein - designed on a computer and synthesized in the lab - that can be used to build brand-new biological circuits inside living cells. (ucsf.edu)
This provides an unprecedented level of control over the way the protein interacts with other components of the cell, and will allow us to begin tackling unsolved - and previously unsolvable - problems in biology, with important implications for medicine and industry. (ucsf.edu)
As the protein's name suggests, the barrel stays closed until it encounters a molecular "key" - a protein designed by scientists to fit perfectly into the barrel's "lock" - that opens it up. (ucsf.edu)
With LOCKR, a switch-like protein, scientists can finally build the biological equivalent of such circuits inside cells. (ucsf.edu)
Single cell in vivo monitoring reveals that individual cells generate autonomous circadian rhythms in protein abundance. (aps.org)
Protein channels in the cell's membrane release the excess water, preventing catastrophic expansion and bursting of the cell. (sciencedaily.com)
In a paper published in Molecular Therapy , they showed that encoding the CAR-T-cells with instructions to create a hyperactive form of protein STAT5 prompted the CAR-T-cells to engraft, or take root and begin multiplying, without requiring lymphodepletion. (news-medical.net)
For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)

Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)
Simplifying a bit, typically neurons express some collection of receptors for various guidance cues, and other cell types present these cues on their cell surface or excrete soluble molecules. (stackexchange.com)
A 'key' (black) unlocks a 'cage' (grey), revealing a bioactive peptide (yellow) which can interact with other molecules in the cell. (ucsf.edu)
For instance, when the level of dissolved nutrient molecules (e.g., sugar) in the cell's watery environment drops, water flows into the cell through osmosis. (sciencedaily.com)
Molecules such as enzymes, receptors, RNA and DNA that do most of the work of the cell are typically far smaller than 0.2 micrometers, and to visualize them microscopists have struggled to overcome this limitation. (harvard.edu)
We plan to use that capability to make molecules in cells blink in a programmable and autonomous way. (harvard.edu)
The molecular medicine research activity focuses on studying the links between clock factors and human pathologies, as well as on the identification and evaluation of novel molecules with "clock modulator" activity for therapeutic applications. (iit.it)
As a consequence, REV-ERBβ inhibition induces apoptosis in cancer cells exposed to autophagy suppressor molecules, such as the clinically relevant drug, chloroquine. (iit.it)
Blood cells, molecules & diseases 0 53 (1-2): 11-5. (cdc.gov)
Blood cells, molecules & diseases 2019 Oct 80 102376. (cdc.gov)
Blood cells, molecules & diseases 2021 4 89 102563. (cdc.gov)

2021). The antiandrogen enzalutamide downregulates TMPRSS2 and reduces cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2 in human lung cells . (essex.ac.uk)
This was a cross-sectional analytical case-controlstudy with 1:1 matching (1 case to 1 control) over a six-month period from January 1, 2021 to June 30, 2021 at the medical-social centerof the autonomous port of Douala. (bvsalud.org)

Non-cell autonomous effect of glia on motor neurons in an embryonic stem cell-based ALS model. (stackexchange.com)
Nevertheless, human PGC-like cells can be generated, albeit at very low frequency, by spontaneous differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (nature.com)
We can now take any embryonic stem cell line and once we have them in the proper conditions, we can make these primordial cells in five to six days" ( The Guardian , 24 Dec 2014). (nature.com)
HR in embryonic stem (ES) cells, has therefore been used to generate null mutations of the various RARs and RXRs in the mouse germline. (degruyter.com)
A potentially pre-clinical aspect of this thesis is detailed in paper №4 where I describe a robust protocol for the generation of functional mesDA neurons from human embryonic stem cells that are functional in a rat model of PD. (lu.se)

This strikingly autonomous behavior is powered by the cytoskeleton, an active gel of semiflexible filaments, crosslinks, and molecular motors inside cells. (amolf.nl)

The goal of specific molecular targets in cancer therapy is to create a "magic bullet" that selectively kills cancer cells. (medscape.com)
As our understanding of the molecular biology of HNSCC continues to develop, we can target the specific components of cancer cells that are not found in normal cells. (medscape.com)
Ideal targets should be both specific to cancer cells and commonly found in cancer cells. (medscape.com)
Targeted molecular therapy can also act as a complement to other existing cancer therapies. (medscape.com)
Targeted molecular therapy against EGFR has shown promise as an adjuvant therapy in preliminary studies in several solid tumors, including head and neck cancer. (medscape.com)
In these diseases, association of CBP with β-catenin has been shown to promote cancer cell proliferation and disease aggressiveness, whereas p300/ β-catenin leads to cell differentiation and/ or apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
Co-Treatment of Prostate Cancer Cells with Mscs Expressing Trail and Iap Inhibitors Reduce Trail Resistance and Production of Trail-Induced Cytokines. (essex.ac.uk)
Dr. Welm completed her PhD in Cell and Molecular Biology at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston, TX under the supervision of Gretchen Darlington, PhD. She then went on to conduct postdoctoral training in Dr. J. Michael Bishop's laboratory at the University of California, San Francisco where her work focused on developing new models of breast cancer metastasis. (utah.edu)
Dr. Welm's group discovered that the Ron kinase pathway is an important facilitator of breast cancer metastasis through its unique dual function in tumor cells and in resident macrophages. (utah.edu)
Estrogen receptor alpha mutations regulate gene expression and cell growth in breast cancer through microRNAs. (utah.edu)
Cancer Cell , 40 (12), 1448-1453. (utah.edu)
Future applications of such a DNA walker might include a cancer detector that could roam the human body searching for cancerous cells and tagging them for medical imaging or drug targeting. (scienceblog.com)
DNA walkers may eventually allow protective cells to walk the surface of organs, constantly computing whether a cancer is present. (scienceblog.com)
More immediate practical applications may include deploying the DNA walker in the body so that it can amplify signals from cancer cells to make them more easily identified and targeted by doctors. (scienceblog.com)
It is able to selectively target cancer cells across a range of solid tumours. (a-star.edu.sg)
The ADC and the test to be used for patient selection were discovered and developed through the collaborative efforts of A*STAR's Bioprocessing Technology Institute and Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, the Experimental Drug Development Centre, and the National Cancer Centre Singapore. (a-star.edu.sg)
These are selectively expressed on the surface of cancer cells and not on normal, healthy cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
After the antibody binds to the epitope on the cell surface, the ADC will be internalised (taken into the cell) and the toxic payload is released within the cancer cell to kill it. (a-star.edu.sg)
ADCs thus deliver highly potent drugs directly to cancer cells to destroy these cells specifically, while sparing normal, healthy cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
As a result, ADCs have fewer systemic side effects compared to chemotherapy, which destroys both cancer and normal cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
This differentiated property enhances the mAbs selectively, giving us better tools to kill cancer cells. (a-star.edu.sg)
In the process, we have developed the ability to analyze heterogeneity and phenotypic plasticity within cancer cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, and primary human cancer samples based on molecular and functional criteria. (upenn.edu)
My NIH-funded research enterprise brings a cutting edge molecular perspective to surgical cancer care while optimizing use of tumors that I remove from patients to advance the science of cancer therapy. (upenn.edu)
We are now focused on the identification of the molecular connections between circadian signaling, autophagy and metabolism that support cancer cell viability. (iit.it)
Collectively, these unique aspects of stromal biology in PDA conspire to create a drug- and immune-privileged sanctuary for unimpeded growth of the pancreas cancer cell. (hhs.gov)
When Richard O'Neil, Ph.D., joined MUSC Hollings Cancer Center two years ago, he knew that he wanted to continue finding ways to make CAR- T-cell therapy easier on patients. (news-medical.net)
The newly formed CAR-T-cells are then reinfused into the patient to attack the cancer. (news-medical.net)
The CAR-T-cells carrying super STAT5 also got the cancer under control and appeared to create memory cells trained on that cancer. (news-medical.net)
Molecular Cancer , 18 , [69]. (edu.hk)
This could be immune cells trying to find their way to invading bacteria and viruses or cancer cells migrating out of a tumor. (lu.se)
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of EqualSpheres microspheres loaded with vinorelbine in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer and obstructive lesions who have failed standard treatments. (who.int)

I am assuming that cell autonomous in the context of this paper is that neurons that took up exogenous Dcc had migration defects, while neurons that didn't take exogenous Dcc migrated properly. (stackexchange.com)
The authors describe mutations in Dcc as being cell autonomous for neuronal migration, because you only need the mutation in the neurons to see the phenotype. (stackexchange.com)
CRT aims to replace neurons that have degenerated in PD, with donor cells that have the potential to functionally re-integrate into the host circuitry. (lu.se)
This involves transplantation of developing midbrain cells from aborted fetuses, (the part that form mesDA neurons), into the striatum of a PD patient. (lu.se)

We further provided the first evidence that the molecular clock operates as a cell-autonomous modulator of human pigmentation, controlling the expression of key melanogenic genes through phosphorylation of the master regulator of melanogenesis, MITF. (iit.it)
Epistasis analysis suggests that the Toll pathway acts as a downstream modulator for JNK-dependent cell death. (sdbonline.org)

In mice, blocking ceramide production improves insulin sensitivity, prevents β-cell failure, resolves hepatic steatosis, hypertriglyceridemia, and prevents atherosclerosis, and heart failure ( 6 - 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
We also show that during coordinated cell death of hair follicle cells in mice, TNF-α is expressed in apoptotic cells and is required for normal cell death. (elifesciences.org)
find that these cells can stimulate other cells to die in both fruit flies and mice. (elifesciences.org)
A ) Left: schematic representation of intracranial injection of AAV.Bad.2A.mCherry in the hippocampus of Bad −/− mice to reconstitute BAD expression in mCherry labeled cells. (elifesciences.org)

Shane Grealish: Cell Replacement Therapy for Parkinson's Disease: The Importance of Neuronal Subtype, Cell Source and Connectivity for Functional Recovery. (lu.se)
The aim of this thesis was to understand how particular factors such as neuronal content, placement and cell source, affect functional outcome after transplantation into the rodent brain. (lu.se)

Conversely, a nonautonomous trait is one in which genotypically mutant cells cause other cells (regardless of their genotype) to exhibit a mutant phenotype. (stackexchange.com)
Furthermore, JNK2 expression and activity is required to promote increased cellular invasion through stimulation of a hepatocyte growth factor-c-Met signaling circuit, whereby secretion of this extracellular ligand activates the receptor tyrosine kinase in both a cell autonomous and nonautonomous manner. (aspetjournals.org)

This family, which includes epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), plays a pivotal role in normal cell growth, lineage determination, repair, and functional differentiation. (medscape.com)
Therefore, mutations have been introduced by homologous recombination (HR) in F9 embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells, a cell-autonomous system that differentiates in the presence of RA, in order to disrupt RAR and RXR genes and establish their cellular and molecular functions in RA-induced differentiation. (degruyter.com)

2019) Integrins Have Cell-Type-Specific Roles in Development of Motor Neuron Connectivity. (assumption.edu)

We provide comprehensive training for PhD students and postdoctoral fellows interested in a number of disciplines, including molecular genetics, biochemistry, physiology and pharmacology. (iit.it)

he molecular adaptations required by pathogenic spiro- attention. (cdc.gov)

Non-cell-autonomous HSC70.1 chaperone displays homeostatic feed-back regulation by binding its own mRNA. (mpg.de)
TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)

TME-mediated drug resistance is associated with tumor cells and their pericellular matrix. (edu.hk)

It could also help scientists uncover how the cell's components carry out their work inside the cell. (harvard.edu)

This is an important step forward in developing nanoscale nucleic acid machines that can autonomously act under a variety of conditions, including in the body," said Ellington, professor in the Department of Molecular Biosciences and member of the UT Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology. (scienceblog.com)

Moreover, FLRTs may also act as cell autonomous signaling receptors. (europa.eu)

Eiger is produced in apoptotic cells and, through activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway, is able to propagate the initial apoptotic stimulus. (elifesciences.org)
found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
Remarkably, the molecular programs regulating striatal pathway development remain poorly characterized. (jneurosci.org)
We conclude that spatio-temporally controlled somatic mutations generated in animal models in given cell-types/tissues and at chosen times during pre- and postnatal life, are required to reveal the physiological and pathophysiological functions of the receptor genes involved in the retinoid signaling pathway throughout the life of the mouse. (degruyter.com)
Toll pathway modulates TNF-induced JNK-dependent cell death in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
While the defined roles of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway in regulating cell death have been well-established, additional factors that modulate JNK-mediated cell death have yet to be fully elucidated. (sdbonline.org)

These cells were cultured in a four-inhibitor-containing (4i) medium, previously developed by Hanna's group, which maintains cells in a distinct, more 'naive' pluripotent state. (nature.com)
The cells were then transferred to a culture medium containing BMP2 or BMP4, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), stem cell factor (SCF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and RHO-kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, which induced PGC-like cells. (nature.com)

In its structure, LOCKR resembles a barrel that, when opened, reveals a molecular arm that can be engineered to control virtually any cellular process. (ucsf.edu)
Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals localized tumour ablation and intratumoural immunostimulant delivery potentiate T cell mediated tumour killing. (utah.edu)
This perspective reveals what part of the oscillatory cycle is changing as the cells slow and stop. (ens-lyon.fr)

Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
The TP53 gene is also capable of stimulating apoptosis of cells containing damaged DNA. (medscape.com)

This task can be accomplished by replacing tumor suppressor genes that have been lost or mutated, selectively inserting genes that produce cytotoxic substances, or modifying the immune system to destroy the tumor cells. (medscape.com)

In a study published in Cell , Surani and colleagues at Cambridge University (UK), jointly with Hanna and colleagues at the Weizmann Institute (Israel), report the development of a robust method for the specification of human PGC-like cells from ESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). (nature.com)
I am especially interested in the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in this process. (essex.ac.uk)
5. In 2001, France and Germany requested the United Nations General Assembly to develop international conventions on human reproductive cloning, therapeutic cloning and research on stem cells. (who.int)
Great Iranian Muslim scholars netics, stem cell research, and organ trans- laid huge emphasis on teaching and practis- plantation are some of the medical issues ing ethics. (who.int)

Moreover, as these cells erase their epigenetic marks by undergoing global demethylation, Surani suggested: "This could tell us how to erase [age-related] epigenetic mutations. (nature.com)

CBP has also been shown to help modulate liver function via maintenance of energy homeostasis in response to changes in cell nutrition conditions by regulating the activity of transcription factors and genes responsible for lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Suh and K. Kim, Identification and Validation of Cryptochrome Inhibitors That Modulate the Molecular Circadian Clock. (atto.co.jp)

The presence of various types of adipocytes (white, brown, and beige) characterized by the number/size of lipid droplets, mitochondrial density, and thermogenic capacity, further highlights how intricate is the communication of these cell-types with other metabolic tissues to sense nutrients. (frontiersin.org)

This lecture will discuss how the cerebellum's simple, repeated circuit architecture facilitates study of the functional links between events occurring at the molecular, cellular, circuit and behavioral levels as the cerebellum computes. (sfn.org)

In detail, thymus-settling progenitors enter the thymus and generate early T-cell progeni- tors (ETP/DN1 stage), which in turn give rise to DN2, DN3 and DN4 cells. (lu.se)

We have developed genetically engineered animal models that faithfully recapitulate the clinical syndrome, metastatic behavior, histopathology and molecular features of the human disease as primary platforms to both uncover critical principles of disease biology and to rigorously test strategies to overcome them. (hhs.gov)

Within a few days, a large proportion of cells formed in embryoid bodies expressed NANOS3-mCherry as well as other key PGC genes, indicating that they were probably nascent germ cells. (nature.com)
These analyses revealed that induced PGC-like cells shared expression profiles (including core germ cell genes) with early PGCs and seminomas. (nature.com)
Biologists have used microscopes to reveal how tiny structures inside cells prop them up and help them move, reproduce, activate genes, and much more. (harvard.edu)
After epidermal injury, barrier repair requires activation of many wound response genes in epidermal cells surrounding wound sites. (sdbonline.org)
Polymorphisms in genes that affect the variation of lipid levels in a Brazilian pediatric population with sickle cell disease: rs662799 APOA5 and rs964184 ZPR1. (cdc.gov)
Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)

how can a mutant cell make other non-mutant cells exhibit a mutant phenotype? (stackexchange.com)
One thing that I am wondering is, in the context of non-cell autonomous, how can a mutant cell make other non-mutant cells exhibit a mutant phenotype? (stackexchange.com)
William Kaelin, Jr. was in 1995 engaged in the study of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene, and after isolation of the first full-length clone of the gene showed that it could suppress tumor growth in VHL mutant tumorigenic cell lines. (nobelprize.org)
Such membrane structures were assumed to be absent in pex3 and pex19 mutant cells and, consequently, it was proposed that Pex3 and Pex19 are involved in peroxisomal membrane formation 1,7 . (rug.nl)

In the same way that integrated circuits enabled the explosion of the computer chip industry, these versatile and dynamic biological switches could soon unlock precise control over the behavior of living cells and, ultimately, our health," said El-Samad, who is also a Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Investigator. (ucsf.edu)

To characterize these induced PGC-like cells and confirm their germ cell identity, the authors performed gene expression profile analyses, comparing the induced cells to human PGCs from 7-week-old male embryos and to a human seminoma originating from the germline in vivo . (nature.com)
Expression of EGFR variant III induces transactivation of JNK2 in GBM cells, which is required for a tumorigenic phenotype in vivo. (aspetjournals.org)

My group seeks precise molecular definition of the epigenetic plasticity that promotes homeostasis of tumor cells that retain malignant potential in the face of standard therapy. (upenn.edu)

Apoptotic cells can produce signals to instruct cells in their local environment, including ones that stimulate engulfment and proliferation. (elifesciences.org)
Although this process can occur in individual cells, apoptotic signals may also dictate the 'communal death' of many cells simultaneously. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
Only more recently has it become clear that apoptotic cells are the source of signals that can have profound effects on their neighbors. (elifesciences.org)
The formation of longitudinal axon tracts in the CNS is complex and requires a myriad of molecular signals and specialized cell types, such as intermediate target and guidepost cells. (jneurosci.org)

When you describe some mutation as 'cell-autonomous', you're basically saying that the phenotype is just dependent on the cell where the mutation is expressed. (stackexchange.com)

Mechanochemical Principles of Spatial and Temporal Patterns in Cells and Tissues. (mpi-cbg.de)
Patterns are ubiquitous in living systems and underlie the dynamic organization of cells, tissues, and embryos. (mpi-cbg.de)
The tissues of developing organisms can be shaped by apoptosis, a form of regulated cell killing. (elifesciences.org)
Cells and tissues comprise viscoelastic materials that exert forces and can actively change shape. (amolf.nl)

Moreover, PGC-like cells initiated DNA demethylation, consistent with a germline-specific epigenetic programme. (nature.com)

Individual oscillating cells are synchronized with their neighbors, forming a coherent wave pattern of gene expression. (ens-lyon.fr)
Animal cells undergo fundamental shifts in gene expression when there are changes in the oxygen levels around them. (nobelprize.org)
H. Kwon, T. Enomoto, M. Shimogawara, K. Yasuda, Y. Nakajima and Y. Ohmiya, Bioluminescence imaging of dual gene expression at the single-cell level. (atto.co.jp)

In collaboration with Prof. Ralf Paus (University of Manchester, UK), an expert in the field the biology and pathology of the skin, we also uncovered a molecular connection between the circadian clock and the human hair-follicle cycle, which has important clinical implications. (iit.it)

Targeted molecular therapy, like therapy with monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy, and other therapies, has limited or nonexistent side effects on normal cells of the body, unlike present modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. (medscape.com)
But they've also endured incredibly strong and scary side effects, in part because of the lymphodepleting chemotherapy that is performed before the CAR-T-cells are reinfused. (news-medical.net)
Lymphodepleting chemotherapy kills off existing T-cells to create a blank slate for the CAR-T-cells, and research has shown that the therapy is more effective after lymphodepleting chemotherapy. (news-medical.net)
O'Neil said that eliminating the need for lymphodepleting chemotherapy could mean that CAR-T-cell therapy would become viable for more types of diseases. (news-medical.net)

Cells interact with each other all the time, particularly in a multicellular organism: it's absolutely essential that they do. (stackexchange.com)
For an example off the top of my head, a mutation in a pigment-producing enzyme causing albinism is almost certainly going to be cell-autonomous: if you introduced the mutation in only the pigment-producing cells, you'd get exactly the same result as if the entire organism had the mutation. (stackexchange.com)
You don't need the whole organism to understand what's going on, just the autonomous cells in a dish. (stackexchange.com)

Mechanisms13

Planck Institute2

Pathways6

Tumor cell2

Mechanism8

20223

Cancers3

Proteins7

Biol3

Genetic5

Replication4

Tissue11

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carc3

Pathogenesis1

Oncology1

Progression3

Axon guidance3

Protein11

Molecules11

20212

Embryonic5

Strikingly1

Cancer31

Neurons4

Modulator2

Mice4

Neuronal2

Nonautonomous2

Differentiation2

20191

Genetics1

Adaptations1

Regulation2

Drug resistance1

Cell's1

Biosciences1

Receptors1

Pathway6

Inhibitor2

Reveals3

Apoptosis of cells2

Immune system1

Stem4

Mutations1

Modulate2

Metabolic1

Functional1

Generate1

Metastatic1

Genes6

Mutant4

Behavior of livin1

Vivo2

Homeostasis1

Signals5

Describe1

Tissues4

Epigenetic1

Gene expression3

Circadian1

Chemotherapy4

Organism3