• In autologous cancer immunotherapy, T cells are extracted from the patient, genetically modified and cultured in vitro and returned to the same patient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic infections and cancer. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • These data indicate that koff rate measurements can improve the predictability of adoptive immunotherapy and provide diagnostic information on the in vivo quality of T cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Adoptive cell transfer (ACT), a particular form of cell-based anticancer immunotherapy, is a promising approach in the treatment of mRCC. (endourology.ph)
  • Cancer immunotherapy enables the immune system to target cancerous tumor cells. (medgadget.com)
  • Researchers from Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center report that a new approach to immunotherapy could overcome some of the challenges of treating ovarian cancer by leveraging the power of endogenous (host) T cells using engineered T cells to deliver bispecific T-cell engagers, commonly referred to as BiTEs - a trademarked term for a type of fusion protein. (ecancer.org)
  • We believe that FR-B T cells have the potential to generate potent antitumour immune responses against ovarian cancer and may, in the near future, benefit patients who otherwise are not expected respond to immunotherapy," says Dr McGray. (ecancer.org)
  • uh-DOP-tiv sel THAYR-uh-pee) A type of immunotherapy in which T cells (a type of immune cell) are given to a patient to help the body fight diseases, such as cancer. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive cell transfer therapy, or ACT, includes a number of different types of immunotherapy treatments. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapy is a type of immunotherapy. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Is cell therapy the same as immunotherapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • It is a type of immunotherapy called "adoptive cell immunotherapy. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • How are genetically engineered T cells used in adoptive immunotherapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy using genetically engineered T cells seeks to induce expression of novel genes in cytotoxic T cells that facilitate tumor recognition, enhance T-cell activation, induce tumor-specific cytotoxicity, and/or augment immune memory. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy involves the ex. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • What are the effector cells in adoptive immunotherapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive immunotherapy involves administration of immune effector cells into a patient to produce antitumor effects. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • The first effector cells that gained notoriety in adoptive immunotherapy were autologous lymphocytes activated by IL-2, i.e., lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Immunotherapy is a type of biological therapy that helps your body fight cancer by stimulating the immune system or helping it identify "hidden" cancer cells. (dignityhealth.org)
  • NK cells have been seen as potential agents in adoptive immunotherapy for cancer. (springer.com)
  • Natural killer cell adoptive immunotherapy: Coming of age. (springer.com)
  • 2016). Natural killer cell-based adoptive immunotherapy eradicates and drives differentiation of chemoresistant bladder cancer stem-like cells. (springer.com)
  • We show that the dynamic changes occurring in BRAF V600E ctDNA levels within the first month following T-cell transfer immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma can be used to rapidly identify responding from nonresponding patients, potentially allowing clinicians to make critical treatment-related decisions in a more timely manner. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Nevertheless, ex vivo activation with cytokines can restore cytolytic activity of NK cells against GB, indicating that NK cells have potential for adoptive immunotherapy of GB if potent cytotoxicity can be maintained in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Furthermore, similar to T cells, specific recognition and elimination of cancer cells by NK cells can be markedly enhanced through expression of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), which provides an opportunity to generate NK-cell therapeutics of defined specificity for cancer immunotherapy. (frontiersin.org)
  • We then outline preclinical approaches that employ CAR-NK cells for GB immunotherapy, and give an overview on the ongoing clinical development of ErbB2 (HER2)-specific CAR-NK cells currently applied in a phase I clinical trial in glioblastoma patients. (frontiersin.org)
  • The benefits of white blood cells guided the campaign to wear white on June 12th for immunotherapy awareness. (mesothelioma.com)
  • The main types of immunotherapy include adoptive cell transfer, cancer vaccines , immune checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses and monoclonal antibodies. (mesothelioma.com)
  • Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel way to use TLR agonists to improve immunotherapy and reveal a vital role for B cells in the generation of potent CD8 + T cell-based therapies. (bmj.com)
  • Adoptive T cell transfer, in particular TCR T cell therapy, holds great promise for cancer immunotherapy with encouraging clinical results. (rsc.org)
  • Adoptive Immunotherapy for EBV-Associated Malignancies. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Adoptive T-Cell Immunotherapy. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Syngeneic lymphocytes were transferred from rodents heavily immunized against the tumor to inhibit growth of small established tumors, becoming the first example of ACT. (wikipedia.org)
  • Description of T cell growth factor interleukin-2 (IL-2) in 1976 allowed T lymphocytes to be grown in vitro, often without loss of effector functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2002, lymphodepletion using a nonmyeloablative chemotherapy regimen administered immediately before TIL transfer increased cancer regression, as well as the persistent oligoclonal repopulation of the host with the transferred lymphocytes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2006 administration of normal circulating lymphocytes transduced with a retrovirus encoding a T-cell receptor (TCR) that recognized the MART-1 melanoma-melanocyte antigen, mediated tumor regression. (wikipedia.org)
  • In 2010 administration of lymphocytes genetically engineered to express a chimeric antibody receptor (CAR) against B cell antigen CD19 was shown to mediate regression of an advanced B cell lymphoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • 3 Autologous lymphocytes genetically modified with the TCR for MART-1/Melan-A have been adoptively transferred to patients with advanced melanoma. (haematologica.org)
  • Although human CD20 has previously been described as functional selection marker and suicide gene after retroviral transfer to T lymphocytes, 9 , 10 the specificities of these T cells were unknown, and therefore a potential effect of CD20 on antigen-specific T-cell functions could not be investigated. (haematologica.org)
  • Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, lymphocytes collected from recipients transferred by lymphocytes from transgenic mice revealed less proliferative potential than lymphocytes obtained from control recipients. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • IL-27 binds to IL-27ra and gp-130 complex, which is expressed on multiple cell types, including T lymphocytes [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of activated autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can mediate complete, durable regressions in patients with metastatic melanoma. (aacrjournals.org)
  • For tumors such as melanoma, in which tumor-specific T cells can be readily identified and isolated, the adoptive transfer of "tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes" (TILs) already appears to offer significant patient benefit and this approach now warrants further development. (eur.nl)
  • Methods In this study we investigated how tumor-specific murine CD8 + T cells and human tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are impacted when expanded ex vivo with the TLR9 agonist CpG. (bmj.com)
  • In collaboration with Hi-TIDe's Tumor microenvironment & biomarkers group and T cell discovery group , we capture tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in human tumors in action, at the steady state or following adoptive T-cell therapy and other therapeutic perturbations, and interrogate them exhaustively to unveil the underlying T cell intrinsic signaling regulatory networks. (unil.ch)
  • Complementation of Antigen-Presenting Cells to Generate T Lymphocytes with Broad Target Specificity. (texaschildrens.org)
  • The transfer of lymphocytes or ethylene di-isocyanate (HDI), which are used in a serum from sensitized mice can cause clinical disease in naive variety of industries including polyurethane foam mice. (cdc.gov)
  • Інфекція вірусом імунодефіциту людини (ВІЛ) Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection results from 1 of 2 similar retroviruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2) that destroy CD4+ lymphocytes and impair cell-mediated immunity, increasing risk of certain. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In order to determine whether adoptive transfer of induced Treg cells generated in vitro can be used as an effective therapeutic approach to suppress airway allergic inflammation, exogenously induced Treg cells were infused into ovalbumin-sensitized mice prior to or during intranasal ovalbumin challenge. (ca.gov)
  • Using C57BL/6 mice bearing intracranial (i.c.) ovalbumin-transfected melanoma (M05), we evaluated the efficacy and tumor homing of i.v. transferred type 1 or 2 CTLs (Tc1 or Tc2, respectively) prepared from ovalbumin-specific T-cell receptor-transgenic OT-1 mice. (nih.gov)
  • Uninfected or Leishmania -infected thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cells were transferred from C57BL/6 to BALB/c mice or from Ly5.1 + to Ly5.1 - mice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We used T cells that were retrovirally transduced with this CAR to treat mice bearing a syngeneic lymphoma that naturally expressed the self-antigen murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
  • One infusion of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells completely eliminated normal B cells from mice for at least 143 days. (ashpublications.org)
  • The antilymphoma efficacy of anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells was critically dependent on irradiation of mice before anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T-cell infusion. (ashpublications.org)
  • The CD4(+) T cells expressed both cell surface and soluble TGF-beta and inhibited the development of an allergic phenotype when adoptively transferred to naive recipient mice. (nih.gov)
  • While cells expressing cell surface TGF-beta were detectable in mice with inflammation, albeit at a lower frequency compared with that in tolerized mice, only those from tolerized mice expressed FOXP3. (nih.gov)
  • Although cells that expressed TGF-beta on the cell surface (TGF-beta(+)), as well as the ones that did not (TGF-beta(-)), secreted equivalent levels of soluble TGF-beta, only the former were able to blunt the development of an allergic phenotype in mice. (nih.gov)
  • By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)
  • iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
  • Human NK cells developed in hIL-2 NOG mice express various NK receptors and produce both granzyme A and perforin upon stimulation. (taconic.com)
  • Fukuchi Y, Miyakawa Y, Kobayashi K, Kuramochi T, Shimamura K, Tamaoki N, Nomura T, Ueyama Y, Ito M. (1998) Cytokine dependent growth of human TF-1 leukemic cell line in human GM-CSF and IL-3 producing transgenic SCID mice. (taconic.com)
  • We investigated the protective potential of PD-L1 on autoimmune diabetes by transgenically overexpressing PD-L1 in pancreatic β-cells in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS -Our results demonstrate the protective potential of transgenic PD-L1 in autoimmune diabetes and illustrate its role in downregulating diabetogenic T-cells in NOD mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Injection of a lentiviral vector encoding an MHC class I-restricted T cell epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and CD40 ligand induced an antigen-specific cytolytic CD8 + T lymphocyte response that protected the mice from infection. (jci.org)
  • The injection of chronically infected mice with a lentiviral vector encoding LCMV MHC class I and II T cell epitopes and a soluble programmed cell death 1 microbody rapidly cleared the virus. (jci.org)
  • Vaccination by direct injection of lentiviral vector was more effective in sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1-knockout (SAMHD1-knockout) mice, suggesting that lentiviral vectors containing Vpx, a lentiviral protein that increases the efficiency of dendritic cell transduction by inducing the degradation of SAMHD1, would be an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic disease in humans. (jci.org)
  • In mice, MDSC can be identified by species-specific cell surface markers (CD11b + Gr-1 + ) and may be further classified as monocytic (M-MDSC, Ly-6C hi ) or granulocytic (G-MDSC, Ly-6G + ) based on additional cell surface markers [ 6 ]. (iospress.com)
  • B cells from these mice can be activated by immune complexes that incorporate nucleic acids and can be used to monitor downstream events that regulate plasma cell differentiation. (umassmed.edu)
  • Current studies, in collaboration with Dr. Kate Fitzgerald , are focused on delineation of the critical cell types and mechanisms responsible for lung inflammation and cutaneous disorders in these SAVI mice. (umassmed.edu)
  • G ) Muzzle-infiltrating cells were isolated from LMC and Sox13 -/- mice and re-stimulated in vitro with PdBu/ionomycin to assess production of IL-5 and IL-13 by ILCs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Specific loss of Vγ2 + Tγδ17 cells, scratching behaviors and reciprocally enhanced effector function of ILCs in Sox13 -/- mice with dermatitis. (elifesciences.org)
  • H ) Increased skin γδ T cells, including Tγδ17 cells (TCRδ int ), in 4-6 week old Rora -/- mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • Aberrant αβ T cell activation in AD of Sox13 -/- mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • A ) Total number of the indicated T cell types recovered from skin of from 5-6mo mice were calculated using AccuCheck counting beads. (elifesciences.org)
  • B ) FACS analysis of CD4 neg CD8β neg skin T cells (gated on B220 - F4/80 - TCRβ + ) with control MR1/6-FP or MR1/5-OP-RU tetramer to identify MAIT cells in 5 mo mice. (elifesciences.org)
  • C ) Summary data of frequency of MAIT tetramer-reactive cells among total TCRβ + cells pooled from two independent experiments, performed as in Panel B analyzing a total of 5-6 mice/group. (elifesciences.org)
  • D ) Muzzle-infiltrating cells were isolated from indicated mice, stimulated in vitro with PdBu/ionomycin, and analyzed for αβ T cell subset-specific production of IL-17A and IL-22 and for CD4 + T cell production of IL-4, and IL-13. (elifesciences.org)
  • Adoptive transfer of lung APCs from nCB-exposed wild type to susceptible mice increased tumor incidence and caused early metastasis. (cdc.gov)
  • METHODS: In the elastase-induced AAA model, the abdominal aortas from wildtype and FcγR deficient mice with/without macrophage adoptive transfer were analysed by histology and quantitative PCR. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: Macrophage adoptive transfer in FcγR deficient mice increased the susceptibility to AAA development. (bvsalud.org)
  • We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Comparatively, allogeneic therapies involve cells isolated and expanded from a donor separate from the patient receiving the cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparison of First-Line Anti-PD-1-Based Combination Therapies in Metastatic Renal-Cell Carcinoma: Real-World Experiences from a Retrospective, Multi-Institutional Cohort. (endourology.ph)
  • How are adoptive cellular therapies used in cancer treatment? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • A better and deeper understanding of immune reconstitution following allo-HCT is required for further clinical application of these adoptive T-cell therapies. (nature.com)
  • Tissue bioengineering and stem/progenitor cell treatments have both been individually pursued for stroke neural repair therapies, with some benefit in tissue recovery. (researchgate.net)
  • Emerging directions in stroke neural repair approaches combine these two therapies to use biopolymers with stem/progenitor transplants to promote greater cell survival in the transplant and directed delivery of bioactive molecules to the transplanted cells and the adjacent injured tissue. (researchgate.net)
  • BOSTON--( BUSINESS WIRE )-- JURA Bio , a biotechnology company developing immune-based therapeutics using machine learning and synthetic biology, announced today a research collaboration with Syena, a cell therapy product company and subsidiary of Replay, a genome writing company, to develop T cell receptor (TCR) based therapies. (businesswire.com)
  • This will be invaluable in helping Replay's cell therapy product company Syena to advance novel TCR-NK therapies into the clinic. (businesswire.com)
  • Lachlan MacKinnon, CEO and Co-Founder of Replay, said: "We are delighted to be partnering with JURA Bio, and their innovative team of synthetic and computational biologists to develop highly differentiated TCR-NK cell therapies. (businesswire.com)
  • If the option is exercised, Replay and its cell therapy product company Syena will be responsible for global development and hold exclusive worldwide commercialization rights on all TCR-NK therapies resulting from the partnership. (businesswire.com)
  • Our TCR screening prototype will facilitate immunotherapeutic screening and development of T cell therapies. (rsc.org)
  • T Cell Therapies. (texaschildrens.org)
  • MS is an inflammatory-mediated demyelinating disease that has been associated with production of interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-17, two cytokines that are produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively 12 . (nature.com)
  • This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
  • Atherosclerosis, which is characterized by chronic inflammation in the arterial wall, is driven by immune cells and cytokines. (hindawi.com)
  • Segmentation By Therapy: Comprises - Monoclonal Antibodies (Naked Monoclonal Antibodies, Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies, & Bispecific Monoclonal Antibodies), Cytokines (Interferon, Interleukins), Adoptive Cell Transfer and other. (medgadget.com)
  • In 1986, human TILs from resected melanomas were found to contain cells that could recognize autologous tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • A phase 1 trial of adoptive transfer of vaccine-primed autologous circulating T cells in ovarian cancer. (unil.ch)
  • Potential effects of forced CD20 expression on T-cell function were investigated by comparing CD20- and mock-transduced cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific T cells for cytolysis, cytokine release and proliferation. (haematologica.org)
  • Mechanistically, PTPN22 mediates cDC2 homeostasis in a cell intrinsic manner by restricting cDC2 proliferation. (frontiersin.org)
  • As a consequence, cDC2 dependent CD4 + T cell proliferation and T follicular helper cell responses are increased. (frontiersin.org)
  • Patients may alternatively receive lympho-depleting chemotherapy followed by adoptive transfer of purified NK cells from an alloreactive donor, resulting in homeostatic lymphocyte proliferation with transient donor NK cell expansion in recipients [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)
  • and T-cell proliferation, adoptive transfer, and islet transplantation were performed to evaluate the PD-L1 transgene-mediated immune-protective mechanisms. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • NK cell proliferation, phenotypic expression and cytotoxic activity were evaluated. (springer.com)
  • Meanwhile IL-27 exerts proinflammatory effects by promoting Th1, CD8, natural killer (NK), T follicular helper (Tfh), and B cell proliferation/functions and by inhibiting Treg and Th2 cell generation in parasites infection [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • G-MDSC are also referred to as polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC, which differ from conventional neutrophils via expression of lectin-type oxidized LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), which inhibits T cell proliferation [ 7, 8 ]. (iospress.com)
  • Proliferation-linked shifts in eligibility of T-cell progenitors, population dynamics, DN1 cells to undergo specification thus control kinetics of T-cell generation. (lu.se)
  • In 2016, CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells were used to treat patients with relapsed and refractory CD19+ B cell malignancies, including B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) harboring rearrangement of the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene with CD19 CAR-T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of CD20 as suicide gene was investigated in CMV specific T cells and in T cells genetically modified with an antigen specific T-cell receptor. (haematologica.org)
  • CD20-transduced T cells with and without co-transferred T-cell receptor were efficiently eliminated by complement dependent cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab. (haematologica.org)
  • T-cell receptor (TCR) gene transfer is an attractive strategy for rapid in vitro generation of high numbers of antigen specific T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • T cell receptor (TCR) transfer experiments indicate that a major part of avidity is hardwired within the structure of the TCR. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Using single-cell sequencing, biophysical measurements of T cell receptor affinity, genetic engineering, and structural immunobiology, the Klebanoff lab aims to adapt adoptive T cell transfer for advanced solid tumors. (immunologypodcast.com)
  • Adoptive T-cell therapy with anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells is a new approach for treating advanced B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
  • We determined if adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells from haploidentical killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donors may prolong event-free survival in children with intermediate-risk AML who were in first complete remission after chemotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The first evidence for the therapeutic effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells in AML was established in a study of 57 adult patients, in which none of the 20 individuals who received haploidentical cell transplantation from a killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched donor experienced disease relapse [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The development of chimeric antigen receptor T cells has provided hope for patients with hematologic malignancies, but their commercial use has been limited to an option of last resort. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential "G" amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. (nature.com)
  • Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a "(G)GG" motif. (nature.com)
  • An individual T-cell has a specific complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T cell receptor (TCR)-α and -β, which is a result of the recombination of somatic TCR V-(D)-J genes and junction diversity. (nature.com)
  • There have been clear proof-of-principle trials showing responses with T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells and this can be built on with further development. (eur.nl)
  • Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists can invigorate antitumor T cell responses when administered directly to patients, but these responses often coincide with toxicities. (bmj.com)
  • In vivo, this electrical charge guided the particles towards the patient's dendritic immune cells that specify immune system targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Autoimmune side effects, however, remain a risk, emphasizing the relevance of a suicide mechanism allowing in vivo elimination of infused T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Adverse side effects, however, may occur and lead to severe autoimmunity or graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), emphasizing the relevance of a suicide mechanism that allows efficient in vivo elimination of infused T cells. (haematologica.org)
  • Transfer of HSV-tk to DLI preserves the beneficial anti-tumor effect and allows in vivo elimination of donor T cells if severe GvHD occurs. (haematologica.org)
  • In vivo, i.v. transferred Tc1 trafficked efficiently into i.c. (nih.gov)
  • Maintaining the homeostasis of the multiple functionally distinct conventional dendritic cells (cDC) subsets that exist in vivo is crucial for regulating immune responses, with changes in numbers sufficient to break immune tolerance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Coincubation with Leishmania changes the migratory pattern of dendritic cells in vivo . (biomedcentral.com)
  • vivo activation and expansion of T cells or NK cells and passive transfer of these cells into the cancer patient. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • We previously established a direct single-cell analysis to simultaneously identify and quantify in vivo CMV-CTL clones after allo-HCT 9 , 10 . (nature.com)
  • Shaping of natural killer cell antitumor activity by ex vivo cultivation. (springer.com)
  • In this study, we tested whether preventative and therapeutic vaccination could be achieved by direct injection of antigen-expressing lentiviral vector, obviating the need for ex vivo transduction of dendritic cells. (jci.org)
  • Here, we discuss effects of the GB tumor microenvironment on NK-cell functionality, summarize early treatment attempts with ex vivo activated NK cells, and describe relevant CAR target antigens validated with CAR-T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • We posited that TLR agonists could be repurposed ex vivo to condition T cells with remarkable potency in vivo, circumventing TLR-related toxicity. (bmj.com)
  • T cells expanded ex vivo from a CpG-treated culture demonstrated potent antitumor efficacy and prolonged persistence in vivo. (bmj.com)
  • Enhancing the in Vivo Expansion of Adoptively Transferred EBV-Specific CTL with Lymphodepleting CD45 Monoclonal Antibodies in NPC Patients. (texaschildrens.org)
  • In checkpoint therapy, antibodies bind to molecules involved in T-cell regulation to remove inhibitory pathways that block T-cell responses, known as immune checkpoint therapy. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of adoptive T-cell therapy of cancer is to selectively confer immunity against tumor cells. (haematologica.org)
  • The data support the broad value of CD20 as safety switch in adoptive T-cell therapy. (haematologica.org)
  • Co-transfer of a suicide gene would provide a desirable safety switch in clinical TCR gene therapy. (haematologica.org)
  • In this study, we investigated the use of CD20 as safety switch after retroviral transfer to T cells with different cytomegalovirus (CMV) specificities, and conclude that CD20 may be broadly applicable as safeguard in adoptive T-cell therapy. (haematologica.org)
  • These data suggest that Tc1-based adoptive transfer therapy may represent an effective modality for CNS tumors, particularly when combined with strategies that promote a type 1 polarized tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
  • To evaluate anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a murine model of adoptive T-cell therapy, we developed a CAR that specifically recognized murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
  • Adoptive T-cell therapy with T cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an active area of cancer research. (ashpublications.org)
  • 12 , 13 Clinical trials in which patients with advanced B-cell malignancies receive T cells expressing anti-CD19 CARs are in early stages, and it is not known whether adoptive transfer of T cells targeting this self-antigen will be an effective therapy for B-cell malignancies. (ashpublications.org)
  • The lack of benefit may result from insufficient numbers and limited persistence of alloreactive donor NK cells but does not preclude its potential usefulness during other phases of therapy, or in combination with other immunotherapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Their approach involves a twist on conventional adoptive T-cell therapy (ACT), in which the patient's own T cells are removed from the body and in some cases modified or engineered to recognise cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • We are excited to continue developing this T-cell therapy and are working to advance this strategy to a clinical trial in patients with ovarian cancer. (ecancer.org)
  • What is adoptive cellular therapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • How does adoptive cell therapy work? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • What is Adoptive Cell Transfer Therapy? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Is T cell therapy adoptive? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapy is a very complex and specialist treatment. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • CAR T-cell therapy, however, is different. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • In a July 2020 comment on the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment System proposed rule, the American Society of Clinical Oncology noted the average cost of a CAR-T cell product at $373,000, with the estimated cost of CAR-T cell therapy and related services at $419,238. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Why does CAR T-cell therapy fail? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Is CAR T-cell therapy a last resort? (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Most successful results were obtained in hematological malignancies with the use of CD19-directed CAR T cell therapy and already led to the commercial approval by the FDA. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Cells for adoptive therapy can be obtained either from the patient or from a separate individual. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Understanding of molecular mechanisms in natural killer cell therapy. (springer.com)
  • 2014). Human NK cells: From surface receptors to the therapy of leukemias and solid tumors. (springer.com)
  • This new partnership is an exciting opportunity for Replay's cell therapy product company Syena to leverage JURA Bio's powerful toolkit of machine learning and synthetic protein design coupled with their extensive expertise and to use this to advance the development of our engineered TCR-NK cell therapy programs. (businesswire.com)
  • The engineered TCR-NK technology in Syena is based on the scientific discoveries of Katy Rezvani, M.D., Ph.D., professor of Stem Cell Transplantation & Cellular Therapy at MD Anderson. (businesswire.com)
  • In areas where conventional methods are insufficient, machine learning emerges as the catalyst that unlocks the full potential of cell-based therapy and personalized medicine," said Julie Norville, Founder and Chief Technical Officer, JURA Bio. (businesswire.com)
  • We look forward to working with Replay and its cell therapy product company Syena to develop new treatments to address cancers with high unmet medical need. (businesswire.com)
  • Adoptive cellular therapy provides the promise of a potentially powerful general treatment for cancer. (eur.nl)
  • Background Adoptive T cell transfer (ACT) therapy improves outcomes in patients with advanced malignancies, yet many individuals relapse due to the infusion of T cells with poor function or persistence. (bmj.com)
  • We employ systems biology approaches to study molecular T cell states associated with deregulation or immune attack either at the steady state or following T cell therapy in the human and in mouse. (unil.ch)
  • We move our novel T cell technologies to the bedside, in collaboration with the other groups in the Hi-TIDe, the Center of Excellence for Cell Therapy , the Center of Experimental Therapeutics and the Service of immuno-oncology . (unil.ch)
  • In some patients, the administered antitumor cells represented up to 80% of the CD8+ T cells months after the infusion. (wikipedia.org)
  • We also tested our hypothesis that intratumoral (i.t.) delivery of dendritic cells that had been transduced with IFN-alpha cDNA (DC-IFN-alpha) would enhance the tumor-homing and antitumor effectiveness of adoptively transferred Tc1 via induction of an IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10). (nih.gov)
  • However, many of those T cells appear to be "bystanders" - T cells that don't recognise cancer cells or contribute to the antitumor immune response. (ecancer.org)
  • The investigators studied the antitumor effectiveness of FR-B T cells using tumour samples from ovarian cancer patients, FR⍺+ cancer cell lines, and preclinical tumour models. (ecancer.org)
  • Immunological and translational aspects of NK cell-based antitumor immunotherapies. (springer.com)
  • NK cells contribute to cancer immune surveillance not only by their direct natural cytotoxicity which is triggered rapidly upon stimulation through germline-encoded cell surface receptors, but also by modulating T-cell mediated antitumor immune responses through maintaining the quality of dendritic cells and enhancing the presentation of tumor antigens. (frontiersin.org)
  • Genetically engineered T cells offer a means to endow peripheral blood T cells with antitumor activity and in principle these techniques could allow the treatment of a wide range of cancers. (eur.nl)
  • CpG fostered the expansion of potent CD8 + T cells with the signature phenotype and antitumor ability via empowering a direct B-T cell interaction. (bmj.com)
  • We characterize novel synthetic T cell states at the epigenetic, transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolomic level to infer new genetic perturbations with the potential to improve T cell antitumor efficacy. (unil.ch)
  • As primary endpoint, the event-free survival was compared to a cohort of 55 patients who completed chemotherapy and were in first complete remission but did not receive NK cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately one-third of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) experience disease relapse despite risk-adapted intensive multiagent chemotherapy with or without hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several days (usually 2-14 days) before you receive your CAR T cells, you will return to the hospital or clinic to receive one or more chemotherapy agents. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • This chemotherapy decreases the number of T cells in your body to make room for the new CAR T cells. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • Adoptive T-Cell Transfer and Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Metastatic And/or Locally Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Attempts to use T cells to treat transplanted murine tumors required cultivating and manipulating T cells in culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • While GB tumors are frequently infiltrated by natural killer (NK) cells, these are actively suppressed by the GB cells and the GB tumor microenvironment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Results Herein we reveal a new way to reverse the tolerant state of adoptively transferred CD8 + T cells against tumors using TLR-activated B cells. (bmj.com)
  • We use systems biology approaches to decipher the molecular T cell states associated with successful immune attack or immune failure in human and mouse tumors. (unil.ch)
  • Neoantigen-specific CD8 T cells with high structural avidity preferentially reside in and eliminate tumors. (unil.ch)
  • Therefore, adoptive transfer of in vitro induced Treg cells may be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent and treat severe asthma. (ca.gov)
  • 15 We have recently conducted experiments that demonstrated enhanced in vitro survival of human T cells that were transduced with an ErbB2-specific CAR when the first and third ITAMs of the CD3-ζ domain of the CAR were inactivated. (ashpublications.org)
  • The present study had aimed to evaluate the effect of a feeder layer of irradiated MSCs in the in vitro expansion of NK cells. (springer.com)
  • Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells had superior antilymphoma efficacy compared with the anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody from which the anti-CD19 CAR was derived. (ashpublications.org)
  • For those who are ineligible for cisplatin-based regimens or experience progression of disease, in 2016-2017 the United States Food and Drug Administration approved five monoclonal antibodies that achieve immune checkpoint blockade by targeting the programmed cell death protein-1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) pathway. (iospress.com)
  • a monoclonal antibody that binds to antigens on cancer cells. (mesothelioma.com)
  • Administration of IL-2 after cell transfer enhanced therapeutic potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings unravel a new pathway orchestrating CD4 + T-cell differentiation and demonstrate that NAD + may serve as a powerful therapeutic agent for the treatment of autoimmune and other diseases. (nature.com)
  • H is research focuses on cell-based cancer immunotherapies, T cell receptors, and the therapeutic targeting of shared cancer neoantigens. (immunologypodcast.com)
  • This has led to the development of two therapeutic approaches to harness the antileukemic effect of alloreactive NK cells for patients with AML. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our study indicates that IL-27 or adoptive transfer of IL-27 loaded tDCs may be a new therapeutic approach in atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • We have developed the first generation GEEP-TTM (or Genetically Engineered for Enhanced Performance T) cells through orthogonal combinatorial engineering, i.e. introducing in therapeutic T cells desirable properties, such as stemness and cytotoxicity. (unil.ch)
  • In 2016, researchers developed a technique that used cancer cells' RNA to produce T cells and an immune response. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous research has shown that patients with ovarian cancer survive longer when their tumours have a robust accumulation of T cells. (ecancer.org)
  • The Roswell Park investigators built their strategy around FR⍺, a tumour antigen (or target) commonly found on ovarian cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • Using a technique called retroviral transduction, they created FR-B T cells, which secrete BiTEs that instruct T cells to home in on FR⍺-positive (FR⍺+) cancer cells. (ecancer.org)
  • Efficiently destroyed FR⍺+ cell lines, targeted FR⍺+ ovarian cancer patient tumour cells, and rallied bystander T cells in the ovarian cancer tumour microenvironment by secreting T-cell engagers. (ecancer.org)
  • They all use immune cells that are grown in the lab to large numbers followed by administering them to the body to fight the cancer. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • As ASCO President Bruce E. Johnson, MD, FASCO, describes it, this technique "allows clinicians to genetically reprogram patients' own immune cells to find and attack cancer cells throughout the body. (richardvigilantebooks.com)
  • They work by stopping the way cancer cells grow out of control. (dignityhealth.org)
  • and apoptosis inducers, which cause cancer cells to kill themselves. (dignityhealth.org)
  • These are protein-based drugs that target certain molecules on the surface of cancer cells to destroy them. (dignityhealth.org)
  • Some of them target specific immune system cells to help them fight cancer cells, while others release a toxic substance into the targeted cancer cells, which kills them. (dignityhealth.org)
  • Isolation, expansion, and characterization of natural killer cells and their precursors as a tool to study cancer immunosurveillance. (springer.com)
  • Lentiviral vector-based dendritic cell vaccines induce protective T cell responses against viral infection and cancer in animal models. (jci.org)
  • An immune cell in the tumor microenvironment that may be important for inhibiting the immune response against bladder cancer is the myeloid derived suppressor cell (MDSC). (iospress.com)
  • This stops the cells from signaling new blood vessel growth and slows cancer cell growth. (mesothelioma.com)
  • Cancer cells divide faster than others, so they are targeted more effectively than healthy cells. (mesothelioma.com)
  • Researchers at Texas Children's Cancer Center are undertaking a ground breaking clinical trial to train patient's own immune system to kill nasopharyngeal cancer cells. (texaschildrens.org)
  • 4 In addition, TCRs for minor histocompatibility antigens, including HA-1 and HA-2, have been transferred to donor-derived virus-specific T cells to treat patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. (haematologica.org)
  • Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most lethal urologic malignancies. (endourology.ph)
  • Treatment of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Malignancies with Specific T Cells. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Programmed death 1 (PD-1) is an immunoreceptor of the CD28/CTLA-4 family whose expression is induced in activated T- and B-cells and in macrophages ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Lung macrophages sustained the HIF1alpha axis that increased glycolysis and lactate production, culminating in an immunosuppressive microenvironment in multiple mouse models of non-small cell lung cancers. (cdc.gov)
  • 1 , 2 The anti-tumor effect of DLI is mediated by donor T cells recognizing allo-antigens on the malignant cells of the recipient. (haematologica.org)
  • Donor T cells may also induce GvHD due to recognition of allo-antigens on non-malignant tissues of the patient. (haematologica.org)
  • Functionally, cDC1 cross-present exogenous antigens to activate CD8 + T cells and can promote IL-12 dependent Th1 responses ( 1 , 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Most CARs that are being evaluated in current clinical and preclinical studies recognize self-antigens that are expressed by normal tissues as well as malignant cells. (ashpublications.org)
  • In contrast to others, we found no evidence is reported for BDV RNA, BDV antigens, or infectious BDV in peripheral blood cells of psychiatric patients. (cdc.gov)
  • Unlike cytotoxic T cells, they do not require prior sensitization to eliminate tumor cells but mediate cytotoxicity through complex interactions between NK cell surface receptors and their cognate ligands expressed on their respective target cells [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen presenting cells that instruct T cell responses through sensing environmental and inflammatory danger signals. (frontiersin.org)
  • Collectively, our data demonstrate that PTPN22 controls cDC2 homeostasis, which in turn ensures appropriate cDC2-dependent T cell responses under antigenic challenge. (frontiersin.org)
  • Under polarizing inflammatory conditions, cDC2 induce Th2 responses in the lung ( 9 , 10 ), drive Th17 responses through IL-23 secretion ( 11 - 17 ), and initiate SIRPα dependent induction of T follicular helper cells (T FH ) and germinal center (GC) formation ( 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • T Cells and Oral Vaccines in Environmental Enteric Dysfunction - Scientists developed a mouse model for environmental enteric dysfunction and found impaired CD4 + T cell responses in the small intestine, which reduced oral vaccine efficacy. (immunologypodcast.com)
  • Programmed death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1), the interacting ligand for PD-1, widely expressed in many cell types, acts as a tissue-specific negative regulator of pathogenic T-cell responses. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It has been reported that IL-27 performs an anti-inflammatory function by acting on conventional CD4 + T cells to induce IL-10-producing cells that are implicated in controlling inflammatory responses [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are immune cells that dampen immune responses. (iospress.com)
  • From a physiological standpoint, MDSC can be thought of as effectors of a homeostatic mechanism that regulate T cell-mediated inflammatory responses to pathogens [ 5 ]. (iospress.com)
  • Lymph nodes are useful samples for the assessment of host immune responses but can also provide a source of pathogen RNA for study, such as the case of intra-cellular pathogens present in immune cells inside lymph nodes. (jove.com)
  • Adoptive Transfer of EBV-Specific T Cells Results in Sustained Clinical Responses in Patients with Locoregional Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Studies characterising the immune response in patients with COVID-19 show that the correlates of protection in infected individuals are T-cell responses against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and neutralising titres of immunoglobin G and immunoglobin A antibodies. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • May be useful for efficacy studies involving antibody therapeutics with antibody dependent cell cytotoxcity mechanism of action. (taconic.com)
  • A Phase II Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of an Adenovirus-ΔLMP1-LMP2 Transduced Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. (texaschildrens.org)
  • Dual Targeting of Tregs - A CTLA-4 antibody combined with a signal regulatory protein modulates both "eat me" and "do not eat me" signals to deplete regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment. (immunologypodcast.com)
  • Adoptive transfer of induced-treg cells effectively attenuates murine airway allergic inflammation. (ca.gov)
  • Indeed, in two different murine infection models, we demonstrate that T cell populations with lower koff rates confer significantly better protection than populations with fast koff rates. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Our results demonstrated impressive antilymphoma activity and profound destruction of normal B cells caused by anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells in a clinically relevant murine model. (ashpublications.org)
  • To establish a murine model in which a completely syngeneic lymphoma could be treated by adoptive transfer of syngeneic CAR-transduced T cells, we developed a CAR that could specifically recognize murine CD19. (ashpublications.org)
  • Using a murine model of tolerance induced by repeated exposure to a low dose of aerosolized antigen, we show an important contribution by CD4(+) T cells in the establishment and maintenance of tolerance. (nih.gov)
  • These properties have made lentiviral vectors advantageous for use in dendritic cell (DC) vaccines. (jci.org)
  • We show that NAD + regulates CD4 + T-cell differentiation through tryptophan hydroxylase-1 ( Tph1 ), independently of well-established transcription factors. (nature.com)
  • Although differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells has been considered to be an irreversible process, accumulating evidence suggests that T cells are much more flexible than initially believed with the ability to interchange between helper phenotypes 15 . (nature.com)
  • Predominant differentiation of human NK cells following human HSC engraftment, with>10-fold higher CD56+ NK cell numbers compared to the base NOG mouse. (taconic.com)
  • May be an improved model for differentiation/engraftment of IL-2 dependent cells including certain blood cancers. (taconic.com)
  • This partnership validates our approach of using synthesized human T cell repertoires to generate safe and effective libraries to discover antigen specific TCRs at scale," said Elizabeth Wood, Ph.D., Founder & CEO, JURA Bio. (businesswire.com)
  • The inhibitory KIRs 2DL1 (CD158a), 2DL2/3 (CD158b), and 3DL1 (CD158e1) are such surface receptors and allow adoptively transferred donor NK cells to exert potent antileukemic effects if the cognate HLA class I ligands are absent in the recipients [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were collected from healthy donors after approval by the LUMC institutional review board and informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki. (haematologica.org)
  • Such changes in dendritic cell migration may be associated with immunological events that maintain inflammation at the sites of infection. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In comparison, cDC2s are potent activators of CD4 + T cells ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Membrane-bound (mFasL) is a potent inducer of both apoptosis and inflammation depending on the nature of the Fas-expressing target cell. (umassmed.edu)
  • Clinical applications of skin testing are known to help diagnose IgE-mediated and T-cell-mediated delayed cutaneous reactions. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, it was recently shown that Th17 cells that were generated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-6 were not pathogenic and did not induce EAE without exposure to IL-23 (ref. 23 ). (nature.com)
  • B ) Muzzle skin was digested and analyzed via FACS for Siglec F + eosinophils (left panels), Ly- 6G + neutrophils (middle panels), Ly-6C + MHC-II lo monocytes and Ly-6C + MHC-II hi monocyte-derived dendritic cells (right panels). (elifesciences.org)
  • Purified, unmanipulated NK cells were infused on Day 0, and NK cell chimerism and phenotyping from peripheral blood were performed on Days 7, 14, 21, and 28. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NK cells were obtained from peripheral blood (PB) of healthy volunteers. (springer.com)
  • In the groups (both the initiation and the progression) receiving recombinant IL-27 administration, the formation of atherosclerotic plaques was suspended, and the percentage of regulatory T cells (LAP + or Foxp3 + ) in the spleen and peripheral blood was increased. (hindawi.com)
  • Our group focuses on engineering T cell states that are associated with immune rejection in cancers. (unil.ch)
  • Departing from prior knowledge and the above observations, we design novel synthetic T cell states, aspiring to overcome tumor immune resistance and T cell deregulation in order to defeat difficult cancers. (unil.ch)
  • Antigen CD19 appears only on B cells, which go awry in lymphoma and leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Anti-CD19-CAR-transduced T cells eradicated intraperitoneally injected lymphoma cells and large subcutaneous lymphoma masses. (ashpublications.org)
  • Defects in endogenous Treg cells have been reported in patients with allergic asthma, suggesting that disrupted Treg cellmediated immunological regulation may play an important role in airway allergic inflammation. (ca.gov)
  • The results showed that adoptive transfer of induced Treg cells prior to allergen challenge markedly reduced airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, mucus hyper-production, airway remodeling, and IgE levels. (ca.gov)
  • This effect was associated with increase of Treg cells (CD4+FoxP3+) and decrease of dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes, and with reduction of Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell response as compared to the controls. (ca.gov)
  • Treg deletion accelerates the development of atherosclerosis, and adoptive transfer Treg suppresses atherosclerosis [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Targeting classic Tregs is limited by the detection of Foxp3 and surface Treg markers on activated cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Here, we show that exposure to nCB particles increased PD-L1+ PD-L2+ CD206+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs), exhausted T cells, and Treg cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Since iNKT cell activation can prevent or promote immunopathology in diverse disease contexts, the strict control of peripheral iNKT cell homeostasis is vital to regulate local immunity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Isolated B cells also imparted T cells with the CpG-associated phenotype and improved tumor immunity without the aid of additional antigen-presenting cells or other immune cells in the culture. (bmj.com)
  • More recently, the role of Th1 and Th17 CD4 + cells in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the most commonly used experimental model for human MS, has been challenged, and it has been demonstrated that the transcription factor T-bet (also known as Tbx21 ) is critical for controlling Th1/Th17-mediated autoimmunity 12 . (nature.com)
  • It has been shown that Th17 cells can also co-express Foxp3 or T-bet 18 , 19 , which are the master regulators of Tregs and Th1 cells, respectively. (nature.com)
  • Thus, these reports suggest the existence of broad plasticity of Th1 and Th17 cells. (nature.com)
  • Meanwhile, the number of T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) cells was decreased. (hindawi.com)
  • Importantly, recent studies have shown that the importance of type 17 T helper cells (Th17 cells) and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the pathogenesis of various immune disorders, particularly in atherosclerosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Each distinct CD4 + T-cell subset has a specific function and can mainly be distinguished by its cytokine profile, the expression pattern of cell surface molecules, and the activation of specific transcription factors 8 . (nature.com)
  • On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. (nature.com)
  • The DCs are then pulsed with synthetic peptide or cell lysate and matured with cytokine or TLR agonists. (jci.org)
  • Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. (nature.com)
  • Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. (nature.com)
  • Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. (nature.com)
  • However, cellular immune reconstitution of CMV-specific cytotoxic T-cells (CMV-CTL) is generally considered to be necessary for the long-term control of CMV reactivation after allo-HCT. (nature.com)
  • The cells are most commonly derived from the immune system with the goal of improving immune functionality and characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
  • The immune system is composed of organs, tissues and white blood cells. (mesothelioma.com)
  • A first evaluation of this method on distinct human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell populations revealed unexpected differences in the koff rates. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • In the presence of NAD + , the frequency of T-bet −/− CD4 + IFNγ + T cells was twofold higher than wild-type CD4 + T cells cultured in conventional T helper 1 polarizing conditions. (nature.com)
  • We still know very little about the mechanisms controlling the ability of these cells containing live parasite or parasite fragments to remain in the infection site or to migrate to the draining lymph node. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although passive transfer of occult infection with the transplanted organ is an additional concern, the presence of organisms on Gram stain of donor bronchial washings is not predictive of subsequent pneumonia in the recipient 4 . (ersjournals.com)
  • International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, 40 , 2335-2340. (springer.com)
  • Natural killer cell biology: An update and future directions. (springer.com)
  • Members of the frog Xenopus genus are versatile model organisms used in developmental biology, cell biology, neuroscience, and toxicology research, among others. (cshlpress.com)
  • In contrast, regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a cardinal role in protecting against autoimmune diseases, inflammation and tissue damage 13 through secretion of IL-10 (ref. 14 ) and other mechanisms. (nature.com)
  • In 2017, researchers announced the first use of donor cells (rather than the patients' own cells) to defeat leukemia in two infants for whom other treatments had failed. (wikipedia.org)
  • We propose a model of antigen-induced tolerance that involves cell-cell contact with regulatory CD4(+) T cells that coexpress membrane-bound TGF-beta and FOXP3. (nih.gov)