Cell adhesion molecules neuron glia. Medical search. Frequent questions

These are not to be confused with NEURAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES , now known to be expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types in addition to nervous tissue. (nih.gov)
Alterations in neural cell adhesion molecules throughout growth of various regions of the nervous system. (artemid.pl)
4. Sialidase NEU4 hydrolyzes polysialic acids of neural cell adhesion molecules and negatively regulates neurite formation by hippocampal neurons. (nih.gov)

Papillomavirus pseudoviruses that comprise the L1/L2 capsid proteins can package a wide variety of non-viral DNA plasmids and deliver the packaged genetic material to cells. (nih.gov)
We made recombinant betaig-h3 proteins, which were highly active in mediating human corneal epithelial (HCE) cell adhesion and spreading. (embl.de)
These results, therefore, establish the essential motifs within the 2nd and the 4th domains of betaig-h3, which interact with alpha(3)beta(1) integrin to mediate HCE cell adhesion to betaig-h3 and suggest that other proteins containing Asp-Ile in their fas-1 domains could possibly function as cell adhesion molecules. (embl.de)
15. Molecular Interactions of the Polysialytransferase Domain (PSTD) in ST8Sia IV with CMP-Sialic Acid and Polysialic Acid Required for Polysialylation of the Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Proteins: An NMR Study. (nih.gov)
Based on what we have learned from TnsA, we are now in the process of assembling other complexes of Tn7 proteins in order to understand how the transposon moves antibiotic resistance genes between cells. (nih.gov)
We found that exogenous extracellular IL-33 cytokine induced expression of a distinct set of proteins associated with inflammatory responses in endothelial cells. (nature.com)
We identiﬁed the adhesion proteins involved using a proteomics approach based on biotin/strep-tavidin interaction, and their implication was conﬁrmed further using selective blocking antibodies. (123dok.net)
Voltage-gated Na + channel β1 ( Scn1b ) subunits are multi-functional proteins that play roles in current modulation, channel cell surface expression, cell adhesion, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth. (biomedcentral.com)
Voltage gated Na + channel β1 ( Scn1b ) subunits are multi-functional proteins that participate in inter- and intra-cellular communication on multiple time scales via modulation of electrical signal transduction and cell adhesion [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Although some of these molecules act by binding to cytoplasmic receptors, many of them act by binding to specific cell surface receptors, some of which are subsequently internalized as a complex, while others act by transmembrane signalling of their binding via membrane proteins coupled to GTP binding proteins or polyphosphoinositide--diacylglycerol generation. (cuanschutz.edu)

Imagery May Arise from Associations Formed through Sensory Experience: A Network of Spiking Neurons Controlling a Robot Learns Visual Sequences in Order to Perform a Mental Rotation Task. (neurotree.org)
Sensory neurons carry information from the sense organs (such as the eyes and ears) to the brain. (nih.gov)
Artemin is a member of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family of ligands that helps to ensure the survival of sensory neurons. (yonsei.ac.kr)
by dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons is dependent on molecules secreted by nonneural cells. (nih.gov)
Along the entire length of mammalian peripheral nerves, axons of motor, sensory, and autonomic neurons are in close association with SCs. (jneurosci.org)
MSCs, the best characterized SC, wrap around all large-diameter axons, including all motor neurons and some sensory neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Each MSC associates with a single axon and creates the myelin sheath necessary for saltatory nerve conduction ( Fig. 1 A ). NMSCs associate with small-diameter axons of C-fibers emanating from many sensory and all postganglionic sympathetic neurons. (jneurosci.org)
Peripheral nerves connect the brain and spinal cord to muscles and to sensory cells that detect sensations such as touch, pain, heat, and sound. (medlineplus.gov)
As a result, peripheral nerves cannot trigger muscle movement or relay information from sensory cells back to the brain, leading to the weakness and sensory problems characteristic of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Berger P, Niemann A, Suter U. Schwann cells and the pathogenesis of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease). (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers performing neural induction can also generate neural crest cells (NCCs) to study a variety of pathologies and downstream mesenchymal cell types , or to differentiate peripheral nervous system cell types, including sensory neurons and Schwann cells. (stemcell.com)
The trigeminal ganglion contains the cell bodies of sensory neurons comprising cranial nerve V, which relays information related to pain, touch, and temperature from the face and head to the brain. (mdpi.com)

This is the first in depth genomic study describing the pre-clinical response of hippocampal neurons to early prion replication. (prolekarniky.cz)

Se expresan en las neuronas y en las células de Schwann, pero no en los astrocitos, y participan en la migración neuronal, fasciculación de neuritas y excrecencias. (bvsalud.org)
They are expressed on neurons and Schwann cells, but not astrocytes and are involved in neuronal migration, neurite fasciculation, and outgrowth. (bvsalud.org)
PolySia induction on Schwann cells (SCs) enhances their migration, axon growth support and ability to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
Schwann cells (SCs) cover most of the surface of all axons in peripheral nerves. (jneurosci.org)
In recent years, there has been significant progress in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of axon-Schwann cell interactions, particularly those relevant for postnatal development and maintenance of nerve function and structure. (jneurosci.org)
In this review, we discuss recent progress in four aspects of axon-Schwann cell interactions, including the roles of the neuregulin1 (NRG1)-erbB signaling pathway, the mechanisms underlying the formation and function of the node of Ranvier, the role of perisynaptic Schwann cells at the neuromuscular junction, and the mechanisms that generate Schwann cell tumors. (jneurosci.org)
In the mature nervous system, Schwann cells can be divided into four classes: myelinating cells (MSCs), nonmyelinating cells (NMSCs), perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs) (also known as terminal Schwann cells), and satellite cells of peripheral ganglia. (jneurosci.org)
Myelinated, unmyelinated, and perisynaptic Schwann cells as seen with the electron microscope. (jneurosci.org)
The myelin sheath (MS) surrounding the axon (Ax) and the Schwann cell nucleus (S) are clearly visible. (jneurosci.org)
The Schwann cell forms the Remak bundle, a bouquet-like bundle of thin axons, each separated from its neighbor by thin cytoplasmic extensions of the Schwann cell. (jneurosci.org)
C , Cross section of a frog neuromuscular junction reveals three juxtaposed cellular elements: the perisynaptic Schwann cell, nerve terminal (N), and muscle fiber (M). The perisynaptic Schwann cell body (S indicates nucleus) and its processes cap the nerve terminal, but the processes do not wrap around the nerve terminal region facing acetylcholine receptors on muscle. (jneurosci.org)
By embryonic day 12 (E12) to E13 in mice, Schwann cell precursors begin to express three differentiation markers: P0 (myelin protein 0), GAP43 (growth-associated protein 43), and F-spondin, ( Jessen and Mirsky, 1999 ). (jneurosci.org)
Myelin protein zero is produced by specialized cells called Schwann cells, which wrap around and insulate peripheral nerves. (medlineplus.gov)
This process, called perineural invasion, typically occurs along extrinsic nerves, with Schwann cells providing physical guidance for the tumor cells. (123dok.net)

Na,K-ATPase β 1 -subunit levels increased with differentiation in normal CGP cells. (biomedcentral.com)
A tightly regulated switch to the post-mitotic stage correlates with differentiation and inward migration of the granule neurons to form the internal granule layer (IGL). (biomedcentral.com)
6) also have shown that fetal calf serum markedly influences the differentiation pathway expressed by glial cells in the central nervous system. (nih.gov)
Kathryn L. Crossin undertakes interdisciplinary study in the fields of Progenitor cell and Cellular differentiation through her works. (research.com)
Applications focused on early determination in the nervous system as well as neural stem cell biology may be reviewed in NCF whereas applications focused on later differentiation in the nervous system and related aspects of plasticity and regeneration may be reviewed in NDPR. (nih.gov)
In both MS and EAE, VEGF acts as a pro-inflammatory factor in the early phase but its reduced responsivity in the late phase can disrupt neuroregenerative attempts, since VEGF naturally enhances neuron resistance to injury and regulates neural progenitor proliferation, migration, differentiation and oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) survival and migration to demyelinated lesions. (biomedcentral.com)
It is well known and understood that one of the main tools to realize that innovation, that new expression of life, is cell differentiation . (uncommondescent.com)
The main feature that contributes to generate tissues, organs and body plans, together with cell differentiation, is cell migration. (uncommondescent.com)
If hPSC-derived NCCs are your progenitor cell type of interest, you can obtain a highly pure population from hPSCs using the STEMdiff™ Neural Crest Differentiation Kit . (stemcell.com)
We found electrospun fibrous scaffolds suitable for propagation and differentiation of hESCs, deriving predominantly tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons indicating a dopaminergic fate. (5dok.org)

The neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) inhibits proliferation in major cultures of rat astrocytes. (canagoldbeauty.com)
Na,K-ATPase β 1 -subunit was knocked down in DAOY cells to test its role in medulloblastoma cell proliferation and tumorigenicity. (biomedcentral.com)
In human medulloblastoma cells, low β 1 -subunit levels were associated with increased cell proliferation and in vivo tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Disruption of the spatio-temporal dynamics of CGP proliferation in the EGL, cell cycle exit, formation of parallel fibers and migration into the IGL are thought to play a role in medulloblastoma development [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Promotion of cell adhesion, proliferation and growth of transfected cell lines (e.g. (jainbiologicals.com)
Endothelial cell proliferation and a consistent increase of vascular networks due to angiogenesis have been investigated and found in MS demyelinating lesions only by two groups [ 22 ],[ 23 ] and much remains to be demonstrated about the regulation and significance of angiogenesis in MS. (biomedcentral.com)
We show that primary Astrocytes contribute to the Immune privilege of the CNS by suppressing Th1 and Th2 Cell activation, proliferation and effector function. (tripod.com)
The inhibition of T-Cell proliferation induced by Astrocytes was mainly mediated by upregulation of CTLA-4 on already activated T-Cells , which occurred both with and without cell-cell contact. (tripod.com)

Cell adhesion molecules that mediate neuron-neuron adhesion and neuron-astrocyte adhesion. (bvsalud.org)
Surface ligands that mediate cell-to-cell adhesion and function in the assembly and interconnection of the vertebrate nervous system. (nih.gov)
The 2nd and the 4th repeated domains were sufficient to mediate HCE cell adhesion. (embl.de)
Molecules that mediate Ca? (nih.gov)
The cell structures that mediate those interactions between the cells and their ECM are one of the most amazing examples of functional complexity in the cell. (uncommondescent.com)

Human medulloblastoma cell lines and primary cultures of cerebellar granule cell precursors (CGP) were used to determine whether Shh regulates Na,K-ATPase expression. (biomedcentral.com)
This model shows that the balance between attraction and repulsion between neurons and glial cells regulates the boundary formation in the different brain regions (Fig. 2). (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
It controls and regulates the individual cells in many ways. (uncommondescent.com)

Altered expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules induced by nerve harm and repair. (appgamehk.com)
Altered expression of neuronal cell adhesion molecules induced by nerve damage and repair. (distribuidoraroman.cl)
[ 6 ] The authors even found morphological signs of neuronophagia in the hindbrain, [ 1 ] suggesting neuronal cell death and phagocytosis by microglia. (medscape.com)
The nodes and their flanking paranodes were immunolabeled for neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM, green) and contactin 1 (Cntn1, red), respectively. (sfn.org)

Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM), also called CD56, is a homophilic binding glycoprotein expressed on the surface of neurons, glia and skeletal muscle. (wikipedia.org)
NCAM has been implicated as having a role in cell-cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity, and learning and memory. (wikipedia.org)
Homophilic binding occurs between NCAM molecules on opposing surfaces (trans-) and NCAM molecules on the same surface (cis-)1. (wikipedia.org)
Current models suggest trans- homophilic binding occurs between two NCAM molecules binding antiparallel between all five Ig domains or just IgI and IgII. (wikipedia.org)
NCAM exhibits glycoforms as it can be posttranslationally modified by the addition of polysialic acid (PSA) to the fifth Ig domain, which is thought to abrogate its homophilic binding properties and can lead to reduced cell adhesion important in cell migration and invasion. (wikipedia.org)
Removal of PSA from NCAM by the enzyme endoneuraminidase (EndoN) has been shown to abolish long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). The neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM1 appears on early embryonic cells and is important in the formation of cell collectives and their boundaries at sites of morphogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Polysialic acid (PolySia) is a critical post-translational modification on the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM, a.k.a. (bvsalud.org)
PURPOSE: We previously demonstrated that neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays an important role in supporting the survival of injured retinal ganglion cells. (bvsalud.org)
In the current study, we used light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) as a model to investigate whether NCAM plays a functional role in neuroprotection and whether NCAM influences p75NTR signaling in modulating retinal cell survival. (bvsalud.org)
The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) is a glycoprotein that modulates synaptic plasticity. (auburn.edu)

This protein is localized at the juxtaparanodes of myelinated axons, and mediates interactions between neurons and glia during nervous system development and is also involved in localization of potassium channels within differentiating axons. (nih.gov)
It can behave as a homophilic adhesion molecule through interactions with its extracellular domains. (rush.edu)
In his time in Dr. Arin Bhattacharjee's lab, he investigated protein-protein interactions between a synaptic scaffolding molecule and glutamate receptor subunits. (nih.gov)
There is shared interest in the function of glia, particularly in the area of glia-neuron interactions. (nih.gov)
All cell migrations happen in the ECM, and are controlled and implemented by the complex interactions between the cells and the ECM. (uncommondescent.com)
Those interactions, surprisingly, are not only biochemical (as we usually imagine cell interactions to be), but mainly mechanical. (uncommondescent.com)
TEC adhesion to ENS involved direct interactions with enteric neurons. (123dok.net)
STEMdiff™ neural organoid kits enabling developmental self-organization or patterning to particular nervous system subregions are powerful tools to study human developmental processes and complex cell interactions. (stemcell.com)

He is excited to work with C. elegans to study aging and glial cell biology in the Frakes Lab. (nih.gov)
She is excited to study glial cell biology in the Frakes lab. (nih.gov)
Our goal is to achieve a deep mechanistic understanding of glial cell biology and neuron-glia signaling in the healthy and diseased nervous system. (ohsu.edu)

We now used cell type-specific deletion of ClC-2 in mice to show that retinal and testicular degeneration depend on a loss of ClC-2 in retinal pigment epithelial cells and Sertoli cells, respectively, whereas leukodystrophy was fully developed only when ClC-2 was disrupted in both astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (nih.gov)
Everything we think, feel, and do would be impossible without the work of neurons and their support cells, the glial cells called astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. (nih.gov)
9 Both endothelial cells and astrocytes act as antigen-presenting cells to facilitate entry of T lymphocytes and antibodies. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Perivascular macrophages, microglial cells, astrocytes, and cerebral endothelial cells can produce cyto-kines on activation. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Astrocytes are the first cells that are encountered by T-Cells invading the Central Nervous System (CNS) by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier . (tripod.com)
Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-ß) secreted by Astrocytes or T-Cells was not the major factor in the inhibition. (tripod.com)
Upregulation of the inhibitory molecule CTLA-4 on AutoReactive Th Cells , as mediated by Astrocytes , thus represents a novel mechanism for securing the Immune privilege of the CNS. (tripod.com)

This gene encodes a member of the neurexin family which functions in the vertebrate nervous system as cell adhesion molecules and receptors. (nih.gov)

When neural crest cells stop making N-CAM and N-cadherin, and start displaying integrin receptors, cells separate and migrate. (wikipedia.org)
The secreted neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on adjacent neurons and modify their electrical and metabolic activity. (cuanschutz.edu)
Among their various functions, semaphorins and their receptors play a key role in the central neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction by controlling the establishment of the neural circuitry responsible for the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), a decapeptide that acts as the 'master molecule' controlling fertility. (karger.com)

Tumors of this group are thought to originate from cerebellar granule cell precursor (CGP) cells that are located in the external granule layer (EGL) of the cerebellum, a germinal zone harboring actively proliferating progenitor cells [ 7 , 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Kathryn L. Crossin integrates several fields in her works, including Gene and Progenitor cell. (research.com)
The first step in your hPSC-to-neural workflow is neural induction of hPSCs to generate central nervous system neural progenitor cells (NPCs). (stemcell.com)
Finally, we studied the adult human brain for the presence of progenitor cells with migratory characteristics. (5dok.org)

The oligodendrocytes were purified via magnetic activated cell separation and cultured for 10 days in vitro. (sfn.org)
More oligodendrocytes and inflammatory cells were apparent in treated nerves than in the control. (molvis.org)

CD56), important for cell migration and axon growth during nervous system development, plasticity and repair. (bvsalud.org)
These neurons are hence dependent upon RG extensions to support their migration from apical to basal regions. (frontiersin.org)
Cell migration is not only a pillar of organism development. (uncommondescent.com)
CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that the enteric neuronal network guides tumor cell migration, partly via L1CAM and N-cadherin. (123dok.net)
the only long distance cell migration system in the human brain) and that of hESC-derived NPs. (5dok.org)
Specifically, several reports have focused on the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of semaphorins on the migration, survival and structural and functional plasticity of neurons that secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), essential for the acquisition and maintenance of reproductive competence in mammals. (karger.com)
The normal development of the central nervous system depends on the accurate migration of neurons from their site of production to their final location and their appropriate integration into functional networks. (karger.com)

Motor neurons control voluntary muscle activity, such as walking and talking, and carry messages from nerve cells in the brain to the muscles. (nih.gov)
In addition to a number of collaborations within the lab, she discovered underlying transcriptional and phenotypic changes in hiPSC-derived motor neurons driven by the ATXN1 mutation and identified future targets of interest for work investigating mechanisms of premature lethality in SCA1. (nih.gov)

Her major scientific interest has always revolved around the cell biology and morphology of the central nervous system. (ae-info.org)
Edelman and his colleagues (7) discov ered a neuronal glycoprotein rich in sial- ic acid residues, termed N-CAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), that mediates intercellular adhesion in the absence of Ca2* and probably plays an important role in the development of the nervous system by conserving the topographic relationships between individual neurons or axons (or both) in a set of neurons even though axons may migrate long distances before synapsing. (nih.gov)
and ligand and agglutinin (/0), also have been described, but little is known about their function in the nervous syst€™ Other mechanisms such as contact £0" ance, chemotaxis, cell survival facie of th The authors are or have been member on? (nih.gov)
In short, almost everything that neurons do in the nervous system depends on extensive cell-cell signaling between neurons and glia. (ohsu.edu)
RESULTS: TEC adhered preferentially and with stronger adhesion forces to enteric nervous structures than to mesen-chymal cells. (123dok.net)
Cells of the nervous system are some of the most unique cells found in organisms. (cuanschutz.edu)

These molecules promote cell adhesion via a homophilic mechanism. (nih.gov)

The multipotent and actively migratory neural crest cells migrate into the peripheral nerves during embryonic development, in which they mature in a stepwise process, giving rise to all SCs ( Fig. 2 ). (jneurosci.org)
During the development of the cortex, newly generated neurons migrate long-distances in the expanding tissue to reach their final positions. (frontiersin.org)
Pyramidal neurons are produced from dorsal progenitors, e.g., radial glia (RGs) in the ventricular zone, and then migrate along RG processes basally toward the cortex. (frontiersin.org)
Cells have to move, to migrate according to a precise and strictly regulated plan. (uncommondescent.com)
Cells that differentiate differently must migrate to different places in the growing organism. (uncommondescent.com)
Theseﬁndings show that colorectal cancer cells adhere to and migrate along enteric neurons partly via L1CAM and N-cadherin. (123dok.net)
A highly specialized tight endothelium isolates the brain from immune surveillance and allows only a few mononuclear cells, activated T cells, and macrophages to migrate into the CNS. (psychiatrictimes.com)
This was the first study to reveal the presence of a human RMS by which neuroblasts migrate long distances from the subventricular zone to the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into mature neurons. (5dok.org)
GnRH-secreting neurons in vertebrates originate outside the brain, in the nasal placode [ 10 ], during embryonic life, and migrate into the brain along the olfactory/vomeronasal and terminal nerves to their principal target region, the preoptic area of the hypothalamus [ 11,12 ] (fig. 1 a). (karger.com)

In November 2021, she started her own research program at the NIH with the aim to understand how glial cells regulate aging and disease. (nih.gov)
Hsu JM, Kang Y, Corty MM, Mathieson D, Peters OM, Freeman MR . (2021) Injury-induced inhibition of bystander neurons requires dSarm and signaling from glia. (ohsu.edu)

Such plasticity modifies glial coverage of oxytocin neurons and the number of synapses driving their acitivity. (ae-info.org)
ye have used monoclonal antibodies jd cultured cell systems to study syn- se formation and plasticity. (nih.gov)
Some "udies with retina cells are discussed gest, and then studies on the plasticity of ynapses formed by clonal neuroblasto- gatybrid cells with striated muscle lls are reviewed. (nih.gov)
Glial cells evolved to enhance neuronal physiology, and it is now clear that glia perform a remarkably diverse array of functions that are essential for normal neural circuit assembly, function, plasticity and maintenance. (ohsu.edu)

Cytotactin, an extracellular matrix protein of neural and non-neural tissues that mediates glia-neuron interaction. (research.com)

These antibodies have been made into different formats of therapeutic including Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC), Bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) ae well as Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-T cells. (nih.gov)
The antigen, termed TOP (toponimic), was detected on all cells examined in dorsal and middle reti- na, but more TOP was detected on cells from dorsal retina than on cells from middle retina. (nih.gov)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates interrelated inflammatory and coagulation cascades characterized by wide-spread cellular activation, induction of leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules and release of soluble pro/antiinflammatory cytokines and thrombotic mediators. (biomedcentral.com)
Circulating concentrations of soluble (s)L- and sE-selectins (sL-, sE-selectins), vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (sVCAM-1, sICAM-1), pro/antiinflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL-10)], tissue factor (sTF), thrombomodulin (sTM) and D-dimers (D-D) were assessed by enzyme immunoassay. (biomedcentral.com)

Many of her studies on Cell biology apply to Extracellular as well. (research.com)
Her Extracellular study frequently involves adjacent topics like Cell biology. (research.com)
Converging lines of evidence point to a critical role of brain extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules in the pathophysiology of substance use disorders. (frontiersin.org)
Extracellular IL-33 activates a growing number of target cells, including group 2 innate lymphoid cells, mast cells and regulatory T cells, but it remains unclear whether intracellular nuclear IL-33 has additional functions in the nucleus. (nature.com)
Here, we used a global proteomic approach based on high-resolution mass spectrometry to compare the extracellular and intracellular roles of IL-33 in primary human endothelial cells, a major source of IL-33 protein in human tissues. (nature.com)
Secreted molecules also contribute to the extracellular matrix (fibronectin, laminin, reelin). (frontiersin.org)
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an intricate network composed of an array of multidomain macromolecules organized in a cell/tissue-specific manner. (uncommondescent.com)

CD56 has been detected on other lymphoid cells, including gamma delta (γδ) Τ cells and activated CD8+ T cells, as well as on dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
Karmen received her Ph.D. from The University of Iowa where she studied the role of cell adhesion molecules in the formation of proper dendritic branches. (nih.gov)
The left portion of the image represents the rendered volume of fluorescent signals expressed by the cell, gradually blended with its digitized representation of the dendritic arbor's skeleton (blue lines) and synaptic loci (pink spheres). (sfn.org)
The meninges hosts a diverse collection of immune cells, including macrophages [referred to as barrier-associated macrophages (BAMs) or CNS-associated macrophages (CAMs)], monocytes, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), T-cells, B-cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells. (elifesciences.org)

Fasciclin I is an insect neural cell adhesion molecule involved in axonal guidance that is attached to the membrane by a GPI-anchored protein. (embl.de)
Shh is a secreted protein released from Purkinje cells, being responsible for cerebellar patterning, polarity and development [ 2 ] and is a potent mitogen for CGPs [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the protein defines a bilateral- ly symmetrical, dorsal-ventral axis of the retina and can be used as a marker of cell position in the retina with respect to the dorsal-ventral axis. (nih.gov)
This protein is an adhesion molecule, which means it acts like molecular glue. (medlineplus.gov)
She is excited to be a part of the lab and is broadly interested in how glial cells regulate neuronal protein aggregation and health. (nih.gov)
Cytosolic expression of fluorescent protein tdTomato (blue) reveals cellular morphology, while coexpression of YFP-tagged PSD95 (yellow) labels excitatory postsynaptic sites within the same neuron. (sfn.org)
During inflammation, IL-33 is processed in the central activation domain by inflammatory proteases from mast cells and neutrophils, that generate mature forms of the protein with 10 to 30 fold higher biological activity 29 , 30 . (nature.com)

We have generated midbrain dopamine neurons from human embryonic stem cells and manufactured large-scale cryopreserved dopamine progenitors for clinical use. (bvsalud.org)
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and hESC-derived neural progenitors (NPs) may provide a number of new ways for studying and treating diseases and injuries in the brain. (5dok.org)

Artemin also down-regulated the expression of genes related to cell adhesion and matrix assembly, including biglycan, plectin, nestin, neuronatin and the neuron-glia-CAM-related cell adhesion molecule, which is functionally relevant to neurite elongation in DRG neurons. (yonsei.ac.kr)
The neurons which transmit this information are not only unique cells but are among the most highly specialized of all cells, both structurally and functionally. (cuanschutz.edu)
Functionally these neurons respond by sending electrical signals in the form of action potentials brought about by the opening and closing of specific ion channels. (cuanschutz.edu)

Cell biology and Signal transduction are frequently intertwined in her study. (research.com)
Her study in Cortical neurons extends to Cell biology with its themes. (research.com)
Her Cortical neurons study frequently links to adjacent areas such as Cell biology. (research.com)
If conformational modulation is the rule in 14-3-3 biology, then how can 14-3-3 molecules act on a vast array of very different binding partners? (nih.gov)
Cell Chemical Biology. (elsevierpure.com)

Later in development, NCAM1 (CD56) expression is found on various differentiated tissues and is a major CAM mediating adhesion among neurons and between neurons and muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Normal cells that stain positively for CD56 include NK cells, activated T cells, the brain and cerebellum, and neuroendocrine tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Cells do not only differentiate: they must form tissues and organs and, in the end, a whole body plan. (uncommondescent.com)
How can cells, while differentiating and implementing their specific epigenetic programs, form tissues and organs and organisms? (uncommondescent.com)
BACKGROUND & AIMS:In several types of cancers, tumor cells invade adjacent tissues by migrating along the resident nerves of the tumor microenvironment. (123dok.net)
However, the tissues of the anterior visual pathway significantly differ in terms of their molecular makeup, cell populations, and their response to ionizing radiation from other brain tissues, while being more sensitive than other cranial nerves. (molvis.org)

In 1962, scientist Joseph Altman challenged this belief when he saw evidence of neurogenesis (the birth of neurons) in a region of the adult rat brain called the hippocampus. (nih.gov)
Still, scientists are intrigued by current research on neurogenesis and the possible role of new neurons in the adult brain for learning and memory. (nih.gov)

This Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA), the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, solicits research grant (R01) applications from organizations that propose to study the effects of alcohol on glial cells, glial gene expression, neuroimmune and proinflammatory signaling, glial survival and the consequences of these effects on glial-neuronal communication, neuronal gene expression, activity and survival and on behavioral effects of alcohol. (nih.gov)
After optimizing cell survival and phenotypes in short-term studies, the cell product, MSK-DA01, was subjected to an extensive set of biodistribution, toxicity, and tumorigenicity assessments in mice under GLP conditions. (bvsalud.org)
A large-scale efficacy study was also performed in rats with the same lot of cells intended for potential human use and demonstrated survival of the grafted cells and behavioral amelioration in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings suggest that prion replication results in the persistent stimulation of a programmed response that is mediated, at least in part, by synaptic NMDA receptor activity that initially promotes cell survival and neurite remodelling. (prolekarniky.cz)

Nerve growth factor enhances expression of neuron-glia cell adhesion molecule in PC12 cells. (appgamehk.com)

18. Lipopolysaccharide and Morphine-3-Glucuronide-Induced Immune Signalling Increases the Expression of Polysialic Acid in PC12 Cells. (nih.gov)

A neuron has three basic parts: a cell body, and two branches called an axon and a dendrite. (nih.gov)
The axon looks like a long tail and sends messages from the cell. (nih.gov)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are self-renewing cells with the potential to develop into cells of all three germ layers. (stemcell.com)

Neurons communicate with each other by sending chemicals, called neurotransmitters, across a tiny space called a synapse, between the axons and dendrites of nearby neurons. (nih.gov)
Modulation of Synapse Formation by Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate M. Nirenberg, S. Wilson, H. Higashida, A. Rotter K. Krueger, N. Busis, R. Ray, J. G. Kenimer, M. Adler How neurons in the developing ner- vous system form synapses and distin- guish appropriate from inappropriate synapses remains one of the central, unsolved problems in neurobiology. (nih.gov)
If synapse rec- ognition molecules exist, monoclonal antibody technology should be a power- ful tool for their detection. (nih.gov)

Inhibition of cell mixing also aids in keeping toxic cells, such as cancer cells, from invading healthy ones. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
Moreover, this Astrocyte-mediated inhibition of Th Effector Cells was effective on already activated, proliferating cells. (tripod.com)

The standard way to prevent this is to differentiate the cells as much as possible so that they are no longer pluripotent and therefore have a smaller risk of teratoma formation. (rutgers.edu)
Stem cells differentiate and acquire, through amazing and still poorly understood epigenetic trajectories, completely different cellular phenotypes and functions. (uncommondescent.com)
The ECM is the environment where cells live, differentiate and move. (uncommondescent.com)

Morphological analyses of the mechanisms controlling the activity of hypothalamic magnocellular neurons secreting oxytocin and vasopressin, neuropeptides intervening in the control of parturition, lactation, cardiovascular and osmotic regulatory mechanisms. (ae-info.org)
He then joined the Frakes lab, where he hopes to investigate how hypothalamic glia in mice respond to ER stress induced by high fat diet. (nih.gov)

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leading to disabling deficits. (bvsalud.org)

METHODS:Tumor epithelial cells (TECs) from human primary colon adenocarcinomas and cell lines were cocultured with primary cultures of ENS and cultures of human ENS plexus explants. (123dok.net)

Other mechanisms such as regulation of gene expression by environmental fac- tors such as hormones, neuromodula- tors, transynaptic communication, or molecules secreted by neighboring or other cells surely play important roles in the assembly of synaptic circuits. (nih.gov)
In addition, we have studied the mechanisms by which lithium stimulates stem cells to proliferate and to produce neurotrophins, showing that the former results from the nuclear factor NFAT and the latter results form WNT/beta-catenin. (rutgers.edu)
Classical short range factors include cell to cell signaling, adhesion molecules and mechano-transduction mechanisms (e.g. (frontiersin.org)
The mechanisms by which these molecules act, and the cellular controls over their genetic expression have begun to be elucidated. (cuanschutz.edu)
The basic mechanisms of these numerous and different ion channels that are responsible for the unique properties of neurons are being actively pursued by our faculty. (cuanschutz.edu)

These therapies regulate VEGF-A activity by binding VEGF-A, thereby blocking VEGF-A from binding to its receptor on target cells. (nih.gov)
While effective in treating hematological malignancies, CAR T cells need to be activated through T cell receptor (TCR) activation. (nih.gov)
IL-33 binds to the ST2 receptor expressed on cells of the innate and adaptive immune system 1 . (nature.com)
Netrin becomes effective when received by the two receptor molecules Fra and Unc5. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

19. Polysialic acid/neural cell adhesion molecule modulates the formation of ductular reactions in liver injury. (nih.gov)

According to the authors, immunoglobulin complexes stimulate the classical complement cascade, activate endothelial cells, and subsequently induce blood-brain barrier leakage and immune cell infiltration. (medscape.com)
These results suggest that IL-33 acts as a cytokine but not as a nuclear factor regulating gene expression in endothelial cells. (nature.com)
Upon infection, the major meningeal cell types - including endothelial cells (ECs), macrophages, and fibroblasts - exhibit distinctive changes in their transcriptomes. (elifesciences.org)
This study presents valuable findings on the changes in immune cell populations and stromal cells occurring at the CNS borders in a neonatal bacterial meningitis model, focusing on fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells. (elifesciences.org)
This barrier is composed of tight junctions between endothelial cells in CNS vessels that restrict the passage of solutes. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Little is known about the microvascular endothelial cells that form the BBB. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Technical difficulties and lack of specific markers for BBB endothelial cells have made this research difficult. (psychiatrictimes.com)
However, with recent advances in methodological techniques, it is becoming possible to identify important characteristics of BBB endothelial cells. (psychiatrictimes.com)

During cortical development, RGs are present in different strategic positions: apical RGs (aRGs) have their cell bodies located in the ventricular zone with an apical process contacting the ventricle, while they also have a basal process extending radially to reach the pial surface of the cortex. (frontiersin.org)
This particular conformation allows aRGs to be exposed to long range and short range signaling cues, whereas basal RGs (bRGs, also known as outer RGs, oRGs) have their cell bodies located throughout the cortical wall, limiting their access to ventricular factors. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, RGs are not only the source of neurons during embryonic cortical development but also the scaffold necessary for their proper distribution throughout the expanding cortex. (frontiersin.org)

Our research has demonstrated that the GAG chains are essential for signaling guidance cues to neurons: elimination of GAG chains or preventing their synthesis reduces the biological activity of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (nih.gov)
Specifically, Slit and Netrin are diffusible guidance molecules that regulate the attraction and/or repulsion of the cells. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
These unique findings are important because the guidance molecules are different from molecules that act at cells membranes. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
However, it is very difficult to imagine how these guidance molecules govern the boundary formation. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
So, Sato and his team formulated a mathematical model of the functions of Slit and Netrin, and demonstrated that these guidance molecules can indeed regulate the formation of boundaries. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)
Thus, the report establishes a link between the diffusible guidance molecules and the boundary formation mechanism in multicellular organisms. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

The intimate contact between SCs and peripheral axons provided a first indication that these cells interact in important ways. (jneurosci.org)

5. Polysialic acid on SynCAM 1 in NG2 cells and on neuropilin-2 in microglia is confined to intracellular pools that are rapidly depleted upon stimulation. (nih.gov)
The tissue was immunolabeled with antibodies against calbindin (green) and peanut agglutinin (blue), and microglia were labeled with monocyte marker ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (red). (sfn.org)

When the glial cell cluster overlaps the neuron cluster, glia is repelled by neuron due to high Netrin concentration at the interface (magenta arrows) forming a sharp boundary. (kanazawa-u.ac.jp)

One problem we are studying is how the intracellular adaptor molecules, known as 14-3-3s, modulate conformational state and, through this, the biological activity of numerous binding partners. (nih.gov)

Glial cells are also the primary responders to neuronal injury and become activated during neurodegeneration. (ohsu.edu)

dependent intercell" lar adhesion (8) and factors that promol* retina cell adhesion, such as cognin (7). (nih.gov)
In addition, we discovered that lithium stimulates cord blood cells to produce large amounts of neurotrophins, specifically NGF, NT-3, and GDNF, the growth factors reported by many scientists to stimulate regeneration in the spinal cord. (rutgers.edu)

Leukodystrophy is also observed with a loss of GlialCAM, a cell adhesion molecule that binds to ClC-2 in glia. (nih.gov)

Long threadlike processes (axons and dendrites) may stretch a meter or more from the cells nucleus, making highly specific synaptic connections with other cells. (cuanschutz.edu)

10] In addition, gene expression profiling studies support the concept that radial glial cells from different neuroanatomic sites may be predisposed to acquiring particular genetic aberrations that result in ependymomas with site-specific genetic signatures and biologic potential. (medscape.com)

J Cell Biol. (ohsu.edu)

Anatomy58

Organisms12

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs102

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes50

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

NEURAL CELL ADHE3

Proteins10

Sensory12

Hippocampal neurons1

Schwann14

Differentiation10

Proliferation8

Mediate5

Regulates3

Neuronal cell4

NCAM10

Interactions8

Glial cell biology3

Astrocytes7

Vertebrate nervous system1

Receptors3

Progenitor4

Oligodendrocytes2

Migration7

Motor neurons2

Nervous6

Homophilic1

Migrate9

20212

Plasticity4

Mediates1

Antigen2

Cytokines2

Extracellular7

Dendritic4

Protein7

Progenitors2

Functionally3

Biology5

Tissues6

Neurogenesis2

Survival4

Enhances1

PC121

Axon2

Human embryonic1

Synapse3

Inhibition2

Differentiate3

Hypothalamic2

Dopaminergic1

Epithelial1

Mechanisms5

Receptor4

Modulates1

Endothelial cells8

Cortical3

Guidance6

Peripheral1

Microglia2

Overlaps1

Modulate1

Neurodegeneration1

Factors2

Binds1

Axons and dendrites1

Radial glial cells1

Biol1