• Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
  • So far limited research efforts have been devoted to the functions of phosphatases in the control of plant cell division. (bibbase.org)
  • article{meszaros_multiple_2000, title = {Multiple cyclin-dependent kinase complexes and phosphatases control {G2}/{M} progression in alfalfa cells}, volume = {43}, issn = {1573-5028}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006412413671}, doi = {10/cb64mn}, abstract = {Reversible phosphorylation of proteins by kinases and phosphatases plays a key regulatory role in several eukaryotic cellular functions including the control of the division cycle. (bibbase.org)
  • YWHAE interacts with CDC25 phosphatases, RAF1 and IRS1 proteins, suggesting its role in diverse biochemical activities related to signal transduction, such as cell division and regulation of insulin sensitivity. (betalifesci.com)
  • Like all members of the Ras superfamily, the Rho proteins cycle between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound conformational states. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • 14-3-3 proteins are a group of highly conserved proteins that are involved in many vital cellular processes such as metabolism, protein trafficking, signal transduction, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation. (betalifesci.com)
  • Single-cell imaging of ATP-reduced yeast mutants revealed that ATP levels in these mutants underwent stochastic and transient depletion, which promoted the cytotoxic aggregation of endogenous proteins and pathogenic proteins, such as huntingtin and α-synuclein. (waseda.jp)
  • A substantial portion of the regulatory interactions in the higher eukaryotic cell are mediated by simple sequence motifs in the regulatory segments of genes and (pre-)mRNAs, and in the intrinsically disordered regions of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. (bvsalud.org)
  • The contributors describe basic methods for culturing and genetically manipulating fission yeast, synchronization strategies for probing the cell cycle, technologies for assessing proteins, metabolites, and cell wall constituents, imaging methods to visualize subcellular structures and dynamics, and protocols for investigating chromatin and nucleic acid metabolism. (cshlpress.com)
  • The presence of replication stress activates the DNA damage response and downstream checkpoint proteins including ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related kinase (ATR), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), and WEE1-like protein kinase (WEE1), which trigger cell cycle arrest while protecting and restoring stalled replication forks. (bmj.com)
  • Any obstacles encountered by cells in this process can lead to 'replicative stress' ( Figure 1 ), 1 which may be overcome by replicative stress response proteins, but deficiencies in this response result in accumulated errors in DNA replication and loss of genomic integrity, which lead to cell death. (bmj.com)
  • The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
  • Act Engineering Modeling experimental drug approved clinical response of breast cancer HER2 trastuzumab In addition, smaller molecule HER2 antagonist AV 412 also efficient from the Erh Erh hung entered HER2 tumor cell apoptosis Natural environment, suggesting that this agent may possibly also readers against experimental tumors HER2. (alksignaling.com)
  • Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
  • In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
  • These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
  • Of note, an increased carbohydrate uptake and/or induction of death receptors of cancer cells was exploited to develop glycoconjugates that potentially induce cellular stress, ROS and apoptosis. (degruyter.com)
  • Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • This example clearly shows the combined effects that positive and negative feedback loops have on cell-cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ultrasensitivity plays a large role in cell-cycle regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing numbers of sequence and biochemical data show the involvement of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and cyclins in regulation of the cell cycle progression in higher plants. (bibbase.org)
  • Addition to the regulation of cell cycle genes, such cell nuclear antigen cyclin cyclin A and B was immediately after mitotic Purkinje and K Rnerzellen AT people and ATM neurons observed M nozzles were uncovered to undergo DNA replication. (alksignaling.com)
  • In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The ease of motif acquisition simplifies access to basal housekeeping functions, facilitates the co-regulation of multiple biomolecules allowing them to respond in a coordinated manner to changes in the cell state, and supports the integration of multiple signals for combinatorial decision-making. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed before progression to the next phase. (wikipedia.org)
  • It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
  • In the presence of errors or damage during DNA replication, cell cycle checkpoint nodes and repair machinery work in concert to retard cell cycle progression until sufficient repair has been achieved. (bmj.com)
  • Localization of Cdc2Ms F kinase to the preprophase band (PPB), the perinuclear ring in early prophase, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast indicated a pivotal role for this kinase in mitotic plant cells. (bibbase.org)
  • Current research suggests that mitotic kinases have a key role in regulating the cell cycle. (survivinpathway.com)
  • It is predicted that MCPH gene mutations may lead to the disease phenotype due to a disturbed mitotic spindle orientation, premature chromosomal condensation, signalling response as a result of damaged DNA, microtubule dynamics, transcriptional control or a few other hidden centrosomal mechanisms that can regulate the number of neurons produced by neuronal precursor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Strategies that increase replicative stress while lowering cell cycle checkpoint thresholds may allow unrepaired DNA damage to be inappropriately carried forward in replicating cells, leading to mitotic catastrophe and cell death. (bmj.com)
  • Small molecule inhibitors designed to target the DNA damage sensors, such as inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM), ATR, CHK1 and WEE1, impair smooth cell cycle modulation and disrupt efficient DNA repair, or a combination of the above, have demonstrated interesting monotherapy and combinatorial activity, including the potential to reverse drug resistance and have entered developmental pipelines. (bmj.com)
  • Phosphorylation assays also revealed that at least three kinase complexes (Cdc2Ms A/B, D and F) were successively active in G2/M cells after synchronization. (bibbase.org)
  • however tyrosine phosphorylation was indicated in the case of Cdc2Ms A kinase and the p13suc1-bound kinase activity was increased by treatment of this complex with recombinant Drosophila Cdc25. (bibbase.org)
  • A set of cdc2-related genes (cdc2Ms A, B, D and F) was expressed in G2 and M cells. (bibbase.org)
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of these genes identified an overrepresentation of genes related to the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We discovered an unprecedented burst of differential expression of cell cycle related genes at one particular point during transition to flowering. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stf1.1 mutation bypasses the usual requirement for the MPF activator Cdc25 (Hudson et al. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Dietary sugars trigger the production of insulin or insulin-like peptides which are sensed by Insulin receptors at the cell surface and initiate a kinase cascade, leading to the activation of the downstream kinase Akt (PKB), the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the cell surface, and ultimately glucose uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, Cdk, or cyclin dependent kinase, is a major control switch for the cell cycle and it allows the cell to move from G1 to S or G2 to M by adding phosphate to protein substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Endothall elevated the kinase activity of p13suc1-bound fractions in G2-phase alfalfa cells. (bibbase.org)
  • Ectopic kinase overexpression in any culture cell line leads to polyploidy and centrosome amplification. (lookformedical.com)
  • Those transformed cells form tumours when implanted in immunodeficient mice, indicating that the kinase is an oncogene. (lookformedical.com)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell, 10 (8). (kent.ac.uk)
  • Molecular Biology of the Cell, 19 (7). (cshl.edu)
  • It will be endothelial dysfunction and monocyte involve oxidized LDL foam cells from macrophages, collectively macroscopically obvious that fatty streaks cell proliferation across borders Ren Vaskul followed smooth muscle and extracellular Re secretion of matrix-associated Ren fiber factors turned out to be w W During the accumulation of lipids and cell debris from necrotic lipid core plaque inflammatory atheromat sen mature. (alksignaling.com)
  • In SB 202190 price fact, he interned in a variety of techniques, flies and people Lich has become proven that, when new neurons within the cell cycle, the end result of t degeneration is convinced that the proliferation and cell activation is neuronal ectopic cycle rather alien on the degeneration sen. (alksignaling.com)
  • Most cancer cells undergo metabolic reprogramming that support their survival and proliferation. (degruyter.com)
  • Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We suggest that acceleration of rate of the divisions and partial cell cycling synchronization takes place at this point. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies using fission yeast were instrumental in identifying fundamental mechanisms that govern cell division, differentiation, and epigenetics, to name but a few. (cshlpress.com)
  • Maintaining genomic integrity is of utmost importance to eukaryotic cells, which have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to ensure speed, accuracy, and an adequate pool of nucleotide and replication factors as well as high-fidelity repair pathways to correct errors occurring during DNA replication. (bmj.com)
  • This mini review highlights the development of compounds that target cancer cells by taking advantage of redox or metabolic alteration in cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Morphological profiling is an omics-based approach for predicting intracellular targets of chemical compounds in which the dose-dependent morphological changes induced by the compound are systematically compared to the morphological changes in gene-deleted cells. (waseda.jp)
  • In this review, we highlight that many of the key regulatory pathways of the cell are recruited by motifs and that the ease of motif acquisition has resulted in large networks of co-regulated biomolecules. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We observe that each gene and its products have a unique set of DNA, RNA or protein motifs that encode a regulatory program to define the logical circuitry that guides the life cycle of these biomolecules, from transcription to degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A series of biochemical switches control transitions between and within the various phases of the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • Their rapid growth rate, genetic malleability, and similarities to more complex eukaryotes continue to make them excellent subjects for many biochemical, molecular, and cell biological studies. (cshlpress.com)
  • The latest advances in the field of spinal cord development and its regeneration following damage were discussed at a recent EMBO workshop 'Spinal cord development and regeneration' in Sitges, Spain (October, 2014), highlighting the use of direct visualization of cellular processes, genome-wide molecular techniques and the development of methods for directed stem cell differentiation and regeneration. (biologists.com)
  • Alternate forms of the PolII transcription initiation machinery have been proposed to play a role in selective activation of cell-type-specific gene expression programs during cellular differentiation. (silverchair.com)
  • Fission yeast are unicellular, rod-shaped fungi that divide by medial fission. (cshlpress.com)
  • This indicates the intricate control of metabolism and redox balance for survival of cancer cells that can be targeted by therapeutic agents. (degruyter.com)
  • 1990). Significantly, Plo1 associates inappropriately with the interphase SPB of stf1.1 cells. (kent.ac.uk)
  • Mistakes in this technique end in the synthesis of cells with abnormal chromosome content, that is, pretty much than two copies of each and every chromosome. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Positive feedback loops play a role by switching cells from low to high Cdk-activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Centrosomes were first described at the end of the 19th century by Theodor Boveri who had also the intuition of their central role in cell life [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Enzyme inhibitors play an important role in all cells, since they are generally specific to one enzyme each and serve to control that enzyme's activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, overexpression of aurora-A in particular cell lines such as NIH3T3 is sufficient to induce growth on soft agar. (lookformedical.com)
  • Journal of Cell Biology, 83 (2 PART). (cshl.edu)
  • Journal of Cell Biology, 95 (2). (cshl.edu)
  • Nature Cell Biology, 9 (5). (cshl.edu)
  • Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Human Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 3 (FAIM3) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates or other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 3 (FAIM3) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: A competitive inhibition quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Rat Apelin (APLN) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates or other biological fluids. (isogem.org)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Apelin (APLN) in serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids. (isogem.org)
  • Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Rat Apelin (APLN) in samples from serum, plasma, tissue homogenates, cell lysates, cell culture supernates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (isogem.org)
  • Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Rat Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase (FDPS) in Tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (isogem.org)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Fas Apoptotic Inhibitory Molecule 3 from Human in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
  • Description: Quantitative sandwich ELISA for measuring Human Peroxiredoxin-6 (PRDX6) in samples from cell culture supernatants, serum, whole blood, plasma and other biological fluids. (lotuskringpoeldijk.nl)
  • Description: A sandwich ELISA kit for detection of Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase from Rat in samples from blood, serum, plasma, cell culture fluid and other biological fluids. (isogem.org)
  • The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic antimycotic. (hindawi.com)
  • Furthermore, di-GA inhibited the generation of lymphendothelial gaps by cancer cell spheroid-secreted lipoxygenase metabolites. (nature.com)
  • Asynchronous cells possessing an analogue sensitive (as) CDK were blocked in G2 using 1 μM 1NM-PP1 for 5 hr and then released into a range of 1NM-PP1 concentrations. (elifesciences.org)
  • i ) Time-lapse quantification of CDK activity in asynchronous cells. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore, in this study, the anticancer effects of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated on two NSCLC cell lines, namely, A549 and CL1-0 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The cell cycle is a series of complex, ordered, sequential events that control how a single cell divides into two cells, and involves several different phases. (wikipedia.org)
  • At the cellular level, several processes are highly controlled, including the establishment and maintenance of apico-basal polarity, the control of the cell cycle and cell cycle exit, and the acquisition of cell subtype identities. (biologists.com)
  • In turn, the plant produces GA, which seems to combat the improper growth signals and re-establishes cell-cycle control. (nature.com)
  • These studies showed that CPT somewhat increased scattering of control, but not Rac1 depleted cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Furthermore, treatment of s.c xenografts derived from A549 cells with intratumor injections of terpinen-4-ol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group. (hindawi.com)
  • [2] Enzyme inhibitors also control essential enzymes such as proteases or nucleases that, if left unchecked, may damage a cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • I-t involves the synthesis of a microtubule and the full intracellular reorganization based device, which segregates the 2 identical copies of the chromosomes between daughter cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • It has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of small cell lung cancer. (betalifesci.com)
  • Papillary thyroid cancer This could sometimes bring about cell death or contribute actively to, or even travel, cyst devel-opment. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Cancer cells often maintain high basal level of ROS and are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS levels beyond a certain protective threshold. (degruyter.com)
  • Consequently, ROS-modulation has emerged as an anticancer strategy with synthesis of various ROS-inducing or responsive agents that target cancer cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Cancer cells also enhance glucose-uptake to fuel these enhanced metabolic activities [ 2 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • High abundance of glucose in the cytoplasm of a cancer cell also increases flux into other metabolic pathways such as hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) [ 7 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • Redirection of glutamine to cellular energetics destabilizes glutathione homeostasis in glioblastoma cells and other cancer cells [ 9 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • This is because cancer cells maintain high basal level of ROS, thus they are vulnerable to any further increase in ROS (Fig. 1 ). (degruyter.com)
  • ROS-modulation in normal vs. cancer cell. (degruyter.com)
  • Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, there is no report on the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol against human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The meeting, organized by Elisa Martí (IBMB-CSIC, Barcelona, Spain), Jonas Muhr (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden) and Kate Storey (University of Dundee, UK), brought together international researchers interested in spinal cord development and those who are developing strategies to restore the function of the spinal cord in pathological situations using regeneration of the damaged tissue, including controlled cell replacement. (biologists.com)
  • P(Div) defined as the proportion of cells that undergo C-CDK degradation at anaphase by the next timepoint, given as rate per minute. (elifesciences.org)
  • Floral transition is a critical event in the life cycle of a flowering plant as it determines its reproductive success. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aurora A overexpression in many malignant tumor types suggests that it may be directly involved in NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cells were then followed and monitored for their Cut3-tdTomato nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio (C-CDK activity) and C-CDK-YFP level using fluorescence time-lapse microscopy (see Materials and methods). (elifesciences.org)
  • In agreement with the findings shown in Fig. 3, exhaustion of Rap1 reduced scattering of v Abl/3T3/wtCbl cells. (survivinpathway.com)
  • Thus, the secretion of gall wasps stimulates plant cell growth and overrules homeostasis of the affected leaf area - this is similar to tumour outgrowth. (nature.com)