Cd8 t cell receptor. Medical search. Frequent questions

In normal human subjects a small proportion of peripheral blood T-cells simultaneously express both CD4 and CD8 differentiation antigens. (uninsubria.it)
Intestinal antigens (IAg) (originating either from pathogenic microorganisms or from food) that enter the portal circulation, are captured by intrahepatic antigen-presenting cells (APCs), leading to T cell receptor (TCR) recognition and hence the activation of the adaptive immune system. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we present a new generation of subunit vaccines targeting viral antigens to CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. (nature.com)
Consistent with this hypothesis, we find that increased age is correlated with decreased overall TCRβ clone sharing, indicating that the pattern of private TCRβ clonal expansion is a general feature of the T-cell response to other infectious antigens. (biorxiv.org)
Leucocyte Typing IV: White Cell Differentiation Antigens. (bdbiosciences.com)
This is one mechanism by which a T cell can become tolerant to self antigens. (nih.gov)
On their surface, these special white blood cells carry a receptor that recognizes antigens . (news-medical.net)
They carry a special receptor called the T-cell receptor on their surface that recognizes antigens - small protein fragments of bacteria, viruses and infected or cancerous body cells - which are presented by specialized immune complexes. (news-medical.net)
The subsequent images collected at the cryo-electron microscope delivered groundbreaking insights into how the T-cell receptor works, as Tampé summarises: 'On the basis of our structural analysis, we were able to show how the T-cell receptor assembles and recognizes antigens and hypothesize how signal transduction is triggered after antigen binding. (news-medical.net)
An invariant Vα24/Vβ11 T cell receptor is expressed in all individuals by clonal expanded CD4- CD8- T cells, reactive to bacterial antigens. (beckman.com)
Human T-cell lines were generated and characterized from peripheral blood of HDI-exposed and HDI-unexposed subjects, using two different HDI antigens, HDI-conjugated albumin and HDI-exposed human airway epithelial cells (NCI-H292). (cdc.gov)
HDI antigen preparations but not "mock exposed" control antigens lead to increased proliferation of specific cell types, CD3+CD4-CD8(dim) and/ or CD3+CD4-CD8- cells, from HDI-exposed but not from HDI-unexposed subjects. (cdc.gov)
Although some antigens (Ags) can stimulate the immune response directly, T cell-dependent acquired immune responses typically require antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to present antigen-derived peptides within major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Intracellular antigens (eg, viruses) can be processed and presented to CD8 cytotoxic T cells by any nucleated cell because all nucleated cells express class I MHC molecules. (msdmanuals.com)
Extracellular antigens (eg, from many bacteria) that are phagocytosed or endocytosed can be processed into peptides and complexed with surface class II MHC molecules on professional APCs, which specialize in presenting antigens to CD4 helper T (Th) cells. (msdmanuals.com)
In addition, patients with LR maintained pan-T-cell antigens (CD2, CD3, and CD5), whereas those with MF did not. (medscape.com)

Reprogramming is a promising treatment, which redifferentiates T-induced pluripotent stem cells (T-IPSCs) into naïve and cytotoxic T cells or dedifferentiates within their own lineage [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
They not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells. (nih.gov)

Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)
Dendritic cells are present in the skin (as Langerhans cells), lymph nodes, and tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)
Dendritic cells in the skin act as sentinel APCs, taking up antigen, then traveling to local lymph nodes where they can activate T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Follicular dendritic cells are a distinct lineage (a different cell type than conventional dendritic cells), do not express class II MHC molecules, and therefore do not present antigen to Th cells. (msdmanuals.com)
CR2 binds C3dg, and C3d is present on B cells and dendritic cells (see the Table 1). (medscape.com)

The CD8 antigen is a cell surface glycoprotein found on most cytotoxic T lymphocytes that mediates efficient cell-cell interactions within the immune system. (wikipedia.org)
BD Tritest™ CD4 fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)/CD8 phycoerythrin (PE)/CD3 peridinin chlorophyll protein (PerCP) is a three-color direct immunofluorescence reagent for use with a suitably equipped flow cytometer to identify and determine the absolute counts of mature human T lymphocytes (CD3+), helper/ inducer (CD3+CD4+) T lymphocytes, and suppressor/cytotoxic (CD3+CD8+) T lymphocytes in erythrocyte-lysed whole blood. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, whether these cells are induced as part of an ongoing anti-tumor immune response or represent non-specifically expanded resident or mucosal lymphocytes remains largely unknown. (aacrjournals.org)
Adoptive cell transfer therapy using CD8+ T lymphocytes showed promising results eradicating metastatic malignancies. (unav.edu)
MHC-I and MHC-II proteins are key components of the antigen presentation machinery responsible for neoantigen presentation to CD8 + and CD4 + T lymphocytes, respectively. (portlandpress.com)
While the autoreactive cells displayed significantly reduced Tregs numbers, the alloreactive transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes had high functional Tregs. (hindawi.com)
In some cases, T cells may present, as a result of residual autologous cells or transplacentally acquired maternal lymphocytes [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
The origin of the reactive cells in such patients are either thymic release of T-cells that expand at the periphery or transplacentally transfers of maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
A distinctive feature of SCID patients, which sometimes can clinically resemble Omenn, [ 6 ] is the presence of alloreactive cells originated from transplacentally maternal T lymphocytes. (hindawi.com)
In the cecal tonsils, Thr deficienct birds had a lower percentage of lymphocytes expressing CD4, CD8, CD3 and Bu-1 regardless of challenge (P = 0.01), along with the lower mRNA expression of the chemokine receptor CCR9 for gut homing T cells and B cells (P (usda.gov)
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) (see the image below) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by localization of neoplastic T lymphocytes to the skin, with no evidence of extracutaneous disease at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) expressed on lymphocytes is known to play an important role in lymphocyte trafficking (adhesion to vascular endothelium), as well as interactions to antigen presenting cells (APC). (medscape.com)
The demonstration of antibodies, mixed T-helper (Th) type 1/2 responses diisocyanate occupational asthma in a murine model after sub- and the involvement of CD8 T lymphocytes in chronic inhalation exposure at relevant exposure levels should diisocyanate OA. (cdc.gov)
The 14 patients' posttreatment biopsies showed an atypical lymphoid infiltrate with lichenoid or perivascular distribution and intraepithelial T-cell lymphocytes. (medscape.com)
Accurate and reliable measures of CD4+ T-lymphocytes (CD4+ T-cells) are essential to the assessment of the immune system of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons (1-3). (cdc.gov)
The pathogenesis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is largely attributable to the decrease in T-lymphocytes that bear the CD4 receptor (4-8). (cdc.gov)
and the percentage of lymphocytes that are CD4+ T-cells. (cdc.gov)
The CDC guidelines concerning CD4+ T-cell determinations (33) were first published in the MMWR in 1992 to provide laboratorians with the most complete information about how to measure CD4+ T-lymphocytes in blood from HIV-infected persons by using flow cytometry. (cdc.gov)

Binding of the CD94/NKG2A receptor by its ligand (Qa-1(b)) did not significantly inhibit CD8(+) T cell effector functions. (duke.edu)
Here we report that cell-associated CD8alphabeta, but not CD8alphaalpha or soluble CD8alphabeta, substantially increases the avidity of T cell receptor (TCR)-ligand binding. (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we describe the pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo study of irradiated haNK cells engineered to express a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). (elifesciences.org)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
T cells within a certain range of high avidity for their cognate ligand are believed to be most effective. (mdc-berlin.de)
We also know that the ligand called ALCAM, is expressed on antigen-presenting cells, as well as the inflamed tissues in the skin and GI tract. (onclive.com)
Many surface receptors relay signals into the interior of the cell by changing their spatial structure after ligand binding. (news-medical.net)
The OX-40 receptor binds to the OX-40 ligand (CD252) to provide a costimulatory signal that is independent of CD28. (biolegend.com)
Background Anti(α)-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy fails to provide durable clinical benefit for most patients with carcinoma. (bmj.com)
Here, we report that the integration of target-ligand blocking with a previously described B cell receptor-sequencing approach (linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing (LIBRA-seq)) enables the rapid and efficient identification of multiple neutralizing mAbs that prevent the binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). (bvsalud.org)
This disease is a defect in fucose metabolism (lack of fucosylation of the carbohydrate selectin ligands) that results in failure to express the ligand for E and P selectin, sialyl Lewis-X (CD15s) expressed on leukocytes and endothelial cells. (medscape.com)

We characterize the glycosylation of soluble, chimeric forms of the alphaalpha- and alphabeta-isoforms of murine CD8 containing the O-glycosylated stalk of rat CD8alphaalpha, and we show that the stalk O-glycans are differentially sialylated in CHO K1 versus Lec3.2.8.1 cells (82 versus approximately 6%, respectively). (ox.ac.uk)
Here, we demonstrate that NK cells (haNKs) engineered to express a PD-L1 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) haNKs killed a panel of human and murine head and neck cancer cells at low effector-to-target ratios in a PD-L1-dependent fashion. (elifesciences.org)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Another company reported that it is testing a chimeric PD-1 antibody/IL-2 fusion protein that recruits killer immune cells. (genengnews.com)
Finally, some are engineering chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell systems that attack solid tumors and overcome the harsh barriers of the tumor microenvironment (TME). (genengnews.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is an example of how immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of hematologic malignancies with unprecedented response rates in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. (ajmc.com)
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is designed to enhance the body's immune system to effectively kill malignant cells. (ajmc.com)

Thus, addressing the presence of immunosuppressive myeloid cell populations in the periphery and tumor microenvironment of patients with cancer is likely to be required for effective NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
Our results suggest that transient expression of FOXP3 by CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment restrains their anti-tumor activity, with clear implications for improving T cell responses during immunotherapy. (unav.edu)
The high metabolic activity and insufficient perfusion of tumors leads to the acidification of the tumor microenvironment (TME) that may inhibit the antitumor T cell activity. (unav.edu)
The response to immune checkpoint blockade, depends on a pre-existing, CD8 T cell-rich tumor microenvironment. (aacrjournals.org)
Recent studies suggested that strategies to reduce immunosuppressive cells, promote systemic T-cell responses and lymphocyte trafficking to the tumor microenvironment (TME) may improve efficacy. (bmj.com)

Failed T cell-based immunotherapies in the presence of genomic alterations in antigen presentations pathways may be overcome by NK cell-based immunotherapy. (elifesciences.org)
T cell-based immunotherapy, such as immune checkpoint blockade or adoptive T cell transfer, is limited by the ability of T cells to detect major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented antigen by tumor cells. (elifesciences.org)
Natural killer (NK) cell-based immunotherapy may overcome genetic mechanisms of resistance to T cell-based immunotherapy through antigen- and MHC-independent recognition of malignant cells. (elifesciences.org)
Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
It is noted that T cell has great potential for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
These data indicate that koff rate measurements can improve the predictability of adoptive immunotherapy and provide diagnostic information on the in vivo quality of T cells. (mdc-berlin.de)
For the structural analysis, the researchers chose a T-cell receptor used in immunotherapy to treat melanoma and which had been optimized for this purpose in several steps in such a way that it binds its antigen as tightly as possible. (news-medical.net)

The expression of CD94/NKG2A was rapidly initiated in naive CD8(+) T cells responding to peptide Ags in vitro and on many of the naive T cells that proliferate when transferred into lymphopenic (Rag-1(-/-)) hosts. (duke.edu)
To address whether the expression of the CD8 receptor on the cell membrane was associated to differences in the physiology of the T-cells, we isolated, from the same clone, CD4 single positive (SP) cells from those co-expressing CD4/CD8 receptors (DP cells) and stimulated them in vitro with antigen presenting cells (APC) carrying TSHR. (uninsubria.it)
Here we show that suboptimal T cell receptor stimulation of CD8+ T cells upregulates FOXP3 in vitro. (unav.edu)
Here we compared T-cell functions including the number of circulating CD3 + T cells, in vitro responses to mitogens, T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, TCR excision circles (TREC) levels, and regulatory T cells (Tregs) enumeration in several immunodeficinecy subtypes, clinically presenting with nonreactive residual cells (MHC-II deficiency) or reactive cells. (hindawi.com)
a partial map of receptors on human mast cells cultured in vitro. (spandidos-publications.com)
We found that pharmacological inhibition of the acid loader chloride/bicarbonate anion exchanger 2 (Ae2), with 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonicacid (DIDS) enhancedCD4(+) andCD8(+) T cell function upon TCR activation in vitro, especially under low pH conditions. (unav.edu)
Notably, genetic Ae2 silencing in OVA-specificT cells improvedCD4(+)/CD8(+) T cell function in vitro as well as their antitumor activity in vivo. (unav.edu)
Similarly, genetic modification of OVA-specificT cells to overexpress Hvcn1, a selectiveH(+) outward current mediator that prevents cell acidification, significantly improved T cell function in vitro, even at low pH conditions. (unav.edu)
The latter encompass human skin regenerated on immune deficient mice as well as organotypic constructs with epithelial and stromal cells embedded within architecturally faithful mesenchyma in vitro. (stanford.edu)
These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)

The CD8 antigen, acting as a coreceptor, and the T-cell receptor on the T lymphocyte recognize antigen displayed by an antigen-presenting cell (APC) in the context of class I MHC molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Human γδ T cells expressing the Vδ3 TCR make up a minor lymphocyte subset in blood but are enriched in liver and in patients with some chronic viral infections and leukemias. (manchester.ac.uk)
and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. (frontiersin.org)
Foremost, N-809 enhances intratumoral lymphocyte numbers by increasing trafficking via altered chemokine levels in the TME and chemokine receptor expression on CD8 + T cells and NK cells. (bmj.com)
This unique lymphocyte population restricted by the CD1d molecule recognition has been identified as the natural killer T (NKT) cells. (beckman.com)
CD4+ T-cells and other lymphocyte subsets in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (cdc.gov)

Protein kinase B (also known as AKT) and the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) are central regulators of T cell differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and survival. (nih.gov)
Blockade of inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) in vivo increased mTOR activity in virus-specific CTLs, and its therapeutic effects were abrogated by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. (nih.gov)
We demonstrate that targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to CD40 (αCD40.RBD) induces significant levels of specific T and B cells, with long-term memory phenotypes, in a humanized mouse model. (nature.com)
Our approach pairs sparse scATAC-seq data with robust detection of hundreds of cell surface and intracellular protein markers and optional capture of mitochondrial DNA for clonal tracking, capturing three distinct modalities in single cells. (nature.com)
ASAP-seq uses a bridging approach that repurposes antibody:oligonucleotide conjugates designed for existing technologies that pair protein measurements with single-cell RNA sequencing. (nature.com)
Clevers H, Alarcón B, Wileman T, Terhorst C. The T cell receptor/CD3 complex: a dynamic protein ensemble. (bdbiosciences.com)
Signal 1 is provided by a foreign peptide bound to an MHC protein on the surface of the presenting cell. (nih.gov)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)
Detection of T cell responses to a ubiquitous cellular protein in autoimmune disease. (nationaljewish.org)
Microtubule-associated protein MAP1LC3C regulates lysosomal exocytosis and induces zinc reprogramming in renal cancer cells. (uc.edu)
Lipocalin 10 is essential for protection against inflammation-triggered vascular leakage by activating LDL receptor-related protein 2-slingshot homologue 1 signalling pathway. (uc.edu)
However, how this signaling pathway is activated has remained a mystery until now - despite the fact that the T-cell receptor is one of the most extensively studied receptor protein complexes. (news-medical.net)
CD134 is a type I integral membrane protein also known as OX-40, ACT35, and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 4 (TNFRSF4). (biolegend.com)
These cells expand in the periphery, causing tissue infiltration and damage due to breakdown of both central (e.g., autoimmune regulator, AIRE protein dysfunction) and peripheral (FOXP3 + deficiency) tolerance mechanisms [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)

This study investigated the link between GM and the intrahepatic T cell receptor (TCR) immune repertoire (IR), and whether GM modulates the intrahepatic immune microenvironment via TCR IR during liver fibrosis. (frontiersin.org)
The interaction between the GM and intrahepatic immune microenvironment is regulated and stabilized by a complex network of factors including IAg, immune cells, and cytokines. (frontiersin.org)

However, CAR-T cells can also produce some adverse events after treatment of hematological malignancies, such as cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity, and on-target/off-tumor toxicity, which may cause systemic immune stress inflammation, destruction of the blood-brain barrier, and even normal tissue damage. (hindawi.com)
Regulatory vs. inflammatory cytokine T-cell responses to mutated insulin peptides in healthy and type 1 diabetic subjects. (nationaljewish.org)
PTPN2 inhibits signaling through the T cell and cytokine receptors and loss of PTPN2 promotes T cell expansion and CD4 and CD8-driven autoimmunity. (researchgate.net)
Compared with N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 enhanced natural killer (NK) and CD8 + T-cell activation and function in the dLN and TME, relating to increased gene expression associated with interferon and cytokine signaling, lymphoid compartment, costimulation and cytotoxicity. (bmj.com)
CAR T-cell therapies are limited by the potential to cause life-threatening toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). (ajmc.com)

Engagement of these TCR/CD3-CD8/lck adducts by multimeric MHC-peptide induces activation of p56(lck) in rafts, which in turn phosphorylates CD3 and initiates T cell activation. (ox.ac.uk)
T cell receptor mediated activation of CD8 T cells induces the expression of IL-10 receptors on these cells. (aacrjournals.org)

To determine how the profile of NK receptor expression changes in murine CD8(+) T cells as they respond to intracellular pathogens, we used class I tetramer reagents to directly examine Ag-specific T cells during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and Listeria monocytogenes infections. (duke.edu)
Indeed, in two different murine infection models, we demonstrate that T cell populations with lower koff rates confer significantly better protection than populations with fast koff rates. (mdc-berlin.de)
Therefore, murine airway CD8 + T cell-responses to aspiration of Aspergillus conidia may be mediated in part by the ability of conidia to germinate in the host lung tissue. (cdc.gov)

The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
T cells mature in the thymus, where their affinity to MHC molecules is tested prior to subsequent release into the periphery. (biorxiv.org)
MHC-II molecules drive the development, activation, and homeostasis of CD4 + T-helper cells. (hindawi.com)
Moreover, while the mainstay of the diagnosis of MHC-II deficiency is the absence of constitutive and inducible expression of MHC-II molecules on all cell types, other tests for T-cell function are less informative in such patients. (hindawi.com)
Overview of the Immune System The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and eliminates potentially harmful nonself molecules and cells from the body. (msdmanuals.com)

PD-L1 CAR haNKs reduced levels of macrophages and other myeloid cells endogenously expressing high PD-L1 in peripheral blood from patients with head and neck cancer. (elifesciences.org)
Moreover, in contrast to N-803+αPD-L1, N-809 reduced immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (T reg ), monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSC) and M2-like macrophages in the TME. (bmj.com)
In addition, N-809 reduces immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic immune cells in the TME, including T reg , M2-like macrophages and M-MDSC. (bmj.com)
At infection sites, activated T cells secrete cytokines (eg, interferon-gamma [IFN-gamma]) that induce production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor, preventing macrophages from leaving. (msdmanuals.com)
Macrophages are phagocytic cells present in tissues throughout the body. (msdmanuals.com)

Scholars@Duke publication: Viral and bacterial infections induce expression of multiple NK cell receptors in responding CD8(+) T cells. (duke.edu)
Thus, CD94/NKG2A expression is a common consequence of CD8(+) T cell activation. (duke.edu)
However, expression of CD94 and NKG2A transgenes partially inhibited early events of T cell activation. (duke.edu)
24h after TCR transduction, CD107a expression correlated with low expansion rates due to apoptosis of ADRB3 specific T cells in contrast to CHM1 specific transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
The results demonstrated that CD8 co-expression has a profound effect on the physiology of T helper (Th) cells. (uninsubria.it)
Localization of CD103+ cells and co-expression of CD103 with CD3, CD8, CD16 and FoxP3 was assessed by immunofluorescence. (aacrjournals.org)
The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)
We studied the role of the expression of the transcription factor FOXP3 on CD8+ T cell function and anti-tumor immunity. (unav.edu)
Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
Ongoing research investigates mechanisms invoked by cancer cells to abrogate MHC-I expression and attenuate anti-tumour CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response. (portlandpress.com)
This review provides a comprehensive overview of physiologically conserved or novel mechanisms utilised by tumour cells to reduce MHC-I or MHC-II expression. (portlandpress.com)
The present study also examined the expression of various inflammatory cytokines, MAPK and NF‑κB in TNF‑α/IFN‑γ‑stimulated HaCaT cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
This process is mediated by 2 mutually exclusive programs of gene expression: 1) an undifferentiated program supporting proliferation by stem cells within the basal layer and 2) a differentiation program instructing growth arrest and differentiation-associated programmed cell death in suprabasal layers. (stanford.edu)
Epigenetic control of gene expression lasts through multiple cell divisions without alterations in primary DNA sequence and can occur via mechanisms that include histone modification and DNA methylation. (stanford.edu)
In milder forms of leukocyte adhesion deficiency I (1-30% expression of CD8), patients may survive to adulthood. (medscape.com)

However, certain factors such as low junctional diversity, thymic selection, and T-cell proliferation upon antigen exposure can affect TCR sharing among individuals. (biorxiv.org)
IL-10 stimulates the antigen mediated cytotoxicity, survival and proliferation of intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells and simultaneously dampens chronic inflammation. (aacrjournals.org)
IL-10 activates with STAT3 an essential survival and proliferation signal in antigen activated CD8 T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)

We here describe the development of novel COVID-19 DNA plasmid vaccines encoding homodimers consisting of a targeting unit that binds chemokine receptors on antigen-presenting cells (human MIP-1α /LD78β), a dimerization unit (derived from the hinge and C H 3 exons of human IgG3), and an antigenic unit (Spike or the receptor-binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2). (biorxiv.org)
Evidence suggests that C1q binds a receptor present on phagocytic cells, termed C1qRP. (medscape.com)
The C3a receptor binds C3a and C4a. (medscape.com)

We hypothesized lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1 (LAMP1, CD107a) to be a marker for fratricide in TCR transgenic CD8 + T cells. (oncotarget.com)
After TCR identification, we generated HLA-A*02:01/peptide restricted TCR transgenic T cells by retroviral transduction and tested T cell expansion rates as well as A*02:01/peptide recognition and ES killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
Results were compared to CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
TCR transgenic T cells demonstrated HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 mediated ES recognition and killing in ELISpot and xCELLigence assays. (oncotarget.com)
Amino-acid exchange scans clearly indicated the cross-reactive potential of HLA-A*02:01/ADRB3 295 - and HLA-A*02:01/CHM1 319 -TCR transgenic T cells. (oncotarget.com)
Comparison of peptide motive binding affinities revealed extended fratricide among ADRB3 295 specific TCR transgenic T cells in contrast to CHM1 319 . (oncotarget.com)
Metal-specific CD4+ T-cell responses induced by beryllium exposure in HLA-DP2 transgenic mice. (nationaljewish.org)

NK cells express germ-line receptors that are either stimulatory or inhibitory, and the summation of these signals determines activation status ( Caligiuri, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)

While antigen-specific B cells that express surface receptors (B cell receptors [BCRs]) can be readily cloned and sequenced following flow sorting, antigen-specific ASCs that lack surface BCRs cannot be easily profiled. (bvsalud.org)

The vast diversity of possible T-cell receptors (TCR) is generated by the random recombination of genes in the third complimentary determining regions (CDR3) within a TCR's α and β chains. (biorxiv.org)
Transcriptomic analysis of cells after TCR stimulation revealed an enrichment of genes implicated in the response to IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, inflammatory response, IL-6/JAK/STAT, G2M checkpoint and IL-2/STAT signaling in FOXP3-deficient CD8+ T cells with respect to FOXP3-wt CD8+ T cells. (unav.edu)
STARD12 co-expressed genes participated in cell cycle and DNA replication, and STARD14 were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction. (medsci.org)

Autologous as well as allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with tumor antigen specific T cell receptors (TCR) may cause significant tumor lysis upon adoptive transfer. (oncotarget.com)
Comparable Long-Term Outcome after Allogeneic Stem-Cell Transplantation from Sibling and Matched Unrelated Donors in AML Patients Older than 50 years. (stembook.org)
Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation following Relapse post Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in adult patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A retrospective analysis of 537 patients from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT. (stembook.org)
Trends in patient outcome over the past two decades following allogeneic stem cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia. (stembook.org)
Abundant CMV reactive clonotypes in the CD8(+) T cell receptor alpha repertoire following allogeneic transplantation. (stembook.org)
Outcome of patients with abnl(17p) acute myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. (stembook.org)
Pretransplant Metabolic Distress Predicts Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation. (stembook.org)
A complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, aGVHD occurs in approximately 50% of patients who undergo this procedure. (onclive.com)
Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)

The skin tissue was sectioned to measure the thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis, as well as the numbers of eosinophils, mast cells and CD8 infiltration by H&E, toluidine blue, Masson's trichrome and IHC staining. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, SNL significantly reduced the level of serum IgE and dermal thickness and the infiltration of mast cells and CD8 in the BALB/c mouse model of DNCB‑induced AD. (spandidos-publications.com)
The higher number of TME CD8 + T cells was attributed to enhanced infiltration, not in situ expansion. (bmj.com)
STARD14 was negatively associated with the infiltration of CD8+T cells, while positively with CCL28 and immune checkpoints, including CTLA4 as well as PD-L2. (medsci.org)

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of peripheral blood T cells from adults with TSS has shown a protracted expansion of TSST-1-reactive Vβ2-positive T cells persisting for 4-5 weeks ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The symptoms of one patient were too complex to permit diagnosis according to the clinical criteria without evaluation of the TSST-1-reactive T cells. (cdc.gov)
Thus, Vδ3 T cells are glycolipid-reactive T cells with distinct Ag specificities but functional similarities to NKT cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
In contrast, patients with reactive T cells exhibited poor T-cell differentiation and activity. (hindawi.com)
In contrast, patients with self-reactive cells have significant autoimmune features in addition to their clinical and molecular immunodeficient state. (hindawi.com)
For example, Omenn syndrome, a typical case of impaired T-cell differentiation with abnormal self-reactive cells, is invariably characterized by autoimmune features such as generalized scaly exudative erythroderma, enlarged lymphoid tissues, and peripheral expansion of oligoclonal T-cells, in addition to increased susceptibility for severe infections [ 3 , 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Background: The success of and the durability of immune therapy of cancer is thought to depend on the activation and expansion of tumor reactive and infiltrating CD8+ T cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Are Neuropeptide-Reactive T Cells behind Narcolepsy? (cdc.gov)

We discuss the role of T-cell analysis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the diagnosis of TSS. (cdc.gov)
We analyzed the frequencies, phenotypes, restriction elements, and functions of fresh and expanded peripheral blood Vδ3 T cells. (manchester.ac.uk)
Differences in cellular composition of peripheral blood stem cell grafts from healthy stem cell donors mobilized with either G-CSF alone or G-CSF and Plerixafor. (stembook.org)

Cell Immunol 294, 80-83 (2015). (nationaljewish.org)

and positive regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity. (mcw.edu)

Various biological processes including immunoreaction of infection, tumor prevention, and human aging could cause telomere damage, tumor-related stress responses, and T regulatory (Treg) cells activation, which even trigger T cell senescence showing the distinctive phenotypic and functional alternation [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
T cell responses were detected already at day 7, and were subsequently characterized to be multifunctional CD8 + and Th1 dominated CD4 + T cells. (biorxiv.org)
Helper T cells are arguably the most important cells in adaptive immunity, as they are required for almost all adaptive immune responses. (nih.gov)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
The innate responses also dictate what kind of effector cell a helper T cell will develop into and thereby determine the nature of the adaptive immune response elicited. (nih.gov)
We also consider how innate immune responses determine the nature of adaptive responses by stimulating helper T cells to differentiate into either T H 1 or T H 2 effector cells. (nih.gov)
Rubtsova, K, Rubtsov, AV Halemano K, Sam LX, Kappler JW , Sanitago ML and Marrack P . T cell production of IFNg in response to TLR7/IL12 stimulates optimal B cell responses to viruses. (nationaljewish.org)
Cell-intrinsic loss of FOXP3 by CD8+ T cells resulted in improved functionality after TCR stimulation and better antitumor responses in vivo. (unav.edu)
Some are focusing on small-molecule inhibitors for identifying and targeting key kinases that hamper T-cell responses to tumor cells. (genengnews.com)
Innovative new cell therapy approach makes its clinical debut: Integration of a CAR binding domain into the native TCR signaling complex (TRuC CAR) is associated with objective antitumor responses + on-target toxicities in mesothelin-expressing cancers. (advfn.com)
1 CAR T-cell therapy pivotal trials demonstrated unprecedented overall response rates (ORRs) and complete responses (CRs) that led to the FDA approval of 5 CAR T-cell products: tisagenlecleucel (tisa-cel), axicabtagene ciloleucel (axi-cel), lisocabtagene maraleucel (liso-cel), brexucabtagene autoleucel (brexu-cel), and idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel). (ajmc.com)

The T-cell repertoire derives this high diversity through somatic recombination of the T-cell receptor (TCR) locus, a random process that results in repertoires that are largely private to each individual. (biorxiv.org)
All of these factors contribute to shaping the TCRβ repertoire, and understanding their interplay has important implications for the use of T cells for therapeutics and diagnostics. (biorxiv.org)
Here, we investigate the antibody repertoire of a chronically HIV-1/HCV co-infected individual using linking B cell receptor to antigen specificity through sequencing (LIBRA-seq). (bvsalud.org)

The latter includes patients with autoreactive clonal expanded T cell and patients with alloreactive transplacentally maternal T cells. (hindawi.com)

These NK cell receptors are also expressed by certain memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells, and in some cases are up-regulated in T cells responding to viral infection. (duke.edu)
By doing so, it appears to switch them from a proinflammatory immune effector cell to a less inflammatory, regulatory T-cell phenotype. (onclive.com)
Flow cytometry was used to characterize the phenotype of HDI-responsive T cells. (cdc.gov)
Furthermore, A. fumigatus particles exhibited greater persistence in the lungs of recipient mice when compared to non-viable A. fumigatus or A. versicolor , and this correlated with increased maintenance of airway memory-phenotype CD8 + T cells. (cdc.gov)

Blockade of the IL-1 receptor with anakinra resulted in a significant increase in cognitive capacity in healthy mice as well as in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer ' s disease. (unav.edu)

Colon tumors from Apc Min/+ Ffar2 -/- mice had a higher number of bacteria than tumors from Apc Min/+ mice, as well as higher frequencies of CD39 + CD8 + T cells and exhausted or dying T cells. (nih.gov)
Frequencies of CD39 + CD8 + T cells and IL27 + DCs were increased in colon lamina propria from Ffar2 fl/fl CD11c-Cre mice with colitis compared with control mice or mice without colitis. (nih.gov)
Loss of FFAR2 promotes colon tumorigenesis in mice by reducing gut barrier integrity, increasing tumor bacterial load, promoting exhaustion of CD8 + T cells, and overactivating DCs, leading to their death. (nih.gov)
Class II major histocompatibility complex mutant mice to study the germline bias of T cell antigen receptors. (nationaljewish.org)
Similarly, CD8 T cells transferred into tumor-bearing mice upregulate FOXP3 in vivo. (unav.edu)
Kleiman A and Tuckermann JP: Glucocorticoid receptor action in beneficial and side effects of steroid therapy: Lessons from conditional knockout mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
In vivo, DIDS administration delayed B16OVA tumor growth in immunocompetent mice as monotherapy or when combined with adoptive T cell transfer of OVA-specificT cells. (unav.edu)
Hvcn1 overexpression also improved the antitumor activity of CAR T cells specific for Glypican 3 (GPC3) in mice bearing PM299L-GPC3tumors. (unav.edu)
We observed a significant increase in IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of immunocompetent mice that repeatedly aspirated A. fumigatus conidia in contrast to mice challenged with A. versicolor , a species that is not typically associated with invasive, disseminated disease. (cdc.gov)
Airway IFN-γ + CD8 + T-cells were decreased and lung germination was eliminated in mice that aspirated A. fumigatus conidia that were formaldehyde-fixed or heat-inactivated. (cdc.gov)

Simultaneous epitope and transcriptome measurement in single cells. (nature.com)
However, limited data are available about sequence variability in CD8 + T cell epitope regions of mumps virus (MuV) proteins. (mdpi.com)
In the present study, sequences of 40 CD8 + T cell epitope candidates, including previously and newly identified, obtained from Jeryl-Lynn mumps vaccine strains were compared with genomes from 462 circulating MuV strains. (mdpi.com)
Here we describe LIBRA-seq with epitope mapping, a next-generation sequencing technology that enables residue-level epitope determination for thousands of single B cells simultaneously. (bvsalud.org)

CD8beta endows CD8 with efficient coreceptor function by coupling T cell receptor/CD3 to raft-associated CD8/p56(lck) complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
The extraordinary sensitivity of CD8+ T cells to recognize antigen impinges to a large extent on the coreceptor CD8. (ox.ac.uk)
While several studies have shown that the CD8beta chain endows CD8 with efficient coreceptor function, the molecular basis for this is enigmatic. (ox.ac.uk)
To elucidate how the cytoplasmic and transmembrane portions of CD8beta endow CD8 with efficient coreceptor function, we examined T1.4 T cell hybridomas transfected with various CD8beta constructs. (ox.ac.uk)

The adoptive transfer of OVA-specificT cells overexpressing Hvcn1 exerted a better antitumor activity in B16OVA tumor-bearingmice. (unav.edu)

CD11c-Expressing B Cells Are Located at the T Cell/B Cell Border in Spleen and Are Potent APCs. (nationaljewish.org)

Furthermore, GM modulated hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation via TCR IR-mediated intrahepatic immune milieu. (frontiersin.org)
However, from the beginning of puberty after thymus degeneration, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) persists due to the chronic activation of cytomegalovirus in humans causing repeated activation of T cells, which is considered the driving factor of human immune aging [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Currently, three main strategies are applied to restore the activation of senescent T cells, including replacement, restoration, and reprogramming. (hindawi.com)
Activation of peripheral T cells in the presence of HGSC was sufficient to trigger induction of CD103 in over 90% of all CD8+ cells in a T cell receptor (TCR)- and TGFβR1-dependent manner. (aacrjournals.org)
However, this finding has triggered further interest in utilising tumour-specific MHC-II to harness sustained anti-tumour immunity through the activation of CD4 + T helper cells. (portlandpress.com)
A comparison of the antigen-bound structure captured using cryo-electron microscopy with that of a receptor without antigen provides the first clues to the activation mechanism. (news-medical.net)
The remaining question is how antigen binding could instead lead to T-cell activation. (news-medical.net)
Our structure is a blueprint for future studies on T-cell activation,' Tampé is convinced. (news-medical.net)
Following activation by cognate antigen, B cells undergo fine-tuning of their antigen receptors and may ultimately differentiate into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs). (bvsalud.org)

Treatment of syngeneic tumors resulted in CD8 and PD-L1-dependent tumor rejection or growth inhibition and a reduction in myeloid cells endogenously expressing high levels of PD-L1. (elifesciences.org)

In this review, we aim to summarize the composition of CAR-T cell and its application in the treatment of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), multiple myeloma (MM), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (hindawi.com)
Age-related clonal hematopoiesis and monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis/chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a new association? (haematologica.org)

However, excessive avidity to the MHC causes T cells to incorrectly identify host cells as foreign targets and may result in autoimmunity. (biorxiv.org)
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)

In this final section , we discuss the multiple signals that help activate a T cell and how a helper T cell , once activated to become an effector cell , helps activate other cells. (nih.gov)
To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)
The combined actions of signal 1 and signal 2 stimulate the T cell to proliferate and begin to differentiate into an effector cell by a curiously indirect mechanism. (nih.gov)

Inhibition of the FOXP3/NFAT interaction likewise improved CD8+ T cell functionality. (unav.edu)

The signaling events initiated by the binding of peptide-MHC complexes to T cell receptors (signal 1). (nih.gov)
Once they had successfully achieved this, the researchers used a trick to fish those receptors out of the preparation that had survived the process and were still functional: due to the strong interaction between the receptor complex and the antigen, they were able to 'fish' one of the most medically important immune receptor complexes. (news-medical.net)
they have receptors for the crystallizable fragment (Fc) region of immunoglobulin (Ig) G and for complement, which enable them to bind with immune complexes and present the complex to B cells in germinal centers of secondary lymphoid organs. (msdmanuals.com)

Bishop G, Hall B, Duggin G, Horvath J, Sheil A, Tiller D. Immunopathology of renal allograft rejection analyzed with monoclonal antibodies to mononuclear cell markers. (bdbiosciences.com)
Itolizumab, a first-in-class anti-CD6 monoclonal antibody targets the CD6-activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) pathway, which modulates the activity of T cells that drive immunoinflammatory diseases, and has demonstrated early activity as a first-line therapy for patients with high-risk aGVHD in the phase 1/2 EQUATE trial (NCT03763318). (onclive.com)

SCID patients presenting with circulating T cells show different patterns of T-cell activity and regulatory T cells enumeration that dictates the immunodeficient and autoimmune manifestations. (hindawi.com)
Besides, this improvement was also observed by the depletion or inhibition of T regulatory cells. (unav.edu)
We are currently pursuing studies of the dominant signaling and gene regulatory networks that control this process, including the Ras/MAPK cascade, which is required for stem cell-mediated self-renewal and the p53 transcription factor family member, p63, which is required for epidermal differentiation. (stanford.edu)

A first evaluation of this method on distinct human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific T cell populations revealed unexpected differences in the koff rates. (mdc-berlin.de)
whether a distinct receptor for C4a is present is unclear (see Table 1). (medscape.com)

Rubtsova K, Rubtsov AV, Thurman JM, Mennona JM, Kappler JW and Marrack P. B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet drive lupus-like immunity. (nationaljewish.org)
Rubtsova, K., Rubtsov, A. V., Cancro, M. P. & Marrack , P . Age-Associated B Cells: A T-bet-Dependent Effector with Roles in Protective and Pathogenic Immunity. (nationaljewish.org)
CD8 + T cells play a critical role in immunity to viruses. (mdpi.com)

Our analysis indicates that, as in the case of mucins, the overall structure of O-glycosylated stalk-like peptides is sialylation-independent and that the functional effects of differential CD8 O-glycan sialylation need careful interpretation. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, the isolation and storage of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells have been used to rebuild the immune system for the treatment of hematological malignancies and might be promising for the dynamic equilibrium expansion of functional T cells [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
Further phenotyping and functional experiments of CD103+ cells was performed mainly by flow cytometry on primary tumor digests. (aacrjournals.org)

If living cells from mouse strain CBA were injected into an adult mouse of strain A, some immunologic process destroyed the CBA cells, and the A-line mouse that received the CBA cells quickly destroyed any subsequent graft from the same donor strain. (medscape.com)

The adaptive immune system of a healthy adult includes up to 10 15 highly diverse T cells ( 1 , 2 ). (biorxiv.org)
The immune system of vertebrates is a powerful weapon against external pathogens and cancerous cells. (news-medical.net)

These receptors are present on phagocytic cells, mast cells, and lung epithelial and smooth muscle cells. (medscape.com)

A) A mature antigen-presenting cell can deliver both signal 1 and 2 and thereby activate the T cell. (nih.gov)

It exhibits potent antitumor activity by activating tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and CD4 + T cells and has a better therapeutic window relative to recombinant human IL-2. (genengnews.com)

Vδ3 T cells accounted for ∼0.2% of circulating T cells, included CD4+, CD8+, and CD4-CD8 - subsets, and variably expressed CD56, CD161, HLA-DR, and NKG2D but neither NKG2A nor NKG2C. (manchester.ac.uk)

Identification of shared TCR sequences from T cells in human breast cancer using emulsion RT-PCR. (nationaljewish.org)

Of the 8 plasma membrane receptors for complement, only deficiencies of CR3 and CR4 due to CD18 deficiency have been described, known as leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) type 1 . (medscape.com)
Variants of leukocyte adhesion deficiency have also been reported, including fully expressed but nonfunctional CD18 and an E selectin that is expressed but rapidly cleaved from the cell surface (only present in soluble form). (medscape.com)

These subtle effects suggest that CD94/NKG2A-mediated inhibition of T cells may be limited to particular circumstances or may synergize with other receptors that are similarly up-regulated. (duke.edu)

Recent technological advances have enabled massively parallel chromatin profiling with scATAC-seq (single-cell assay for transposase accessible chromatin by sequencing). (nature.com)
Nevertheless, he added, such patients deserve "a comprehensive workup including skin biopsy with T-cell receptor clonality assay, blood cell counts with flow cytometry analysis, serum lactate dehydrogenase, and documentation of possible adenopathy, followed with imaging studies and/or local biopsies in cases with abnormal results. (medscape.com)

Traditionally, the treatment of hematological malignancies is administrated by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell transplantation. (hindawi.com)
Impact of conditioning intensity on outcomes of haploidentical stem cell transplantation for patients with acute myeloid leukemia over 45 years of age. (stembook.org)
That is part of the mechanism [of action of the agent,] and interfering with the CD6 costimulation is another way of blunting the inappropriate immune activity that we believe is part of the underlying pathology in GVHD," explained Koreth, who is the director of Translation Research and Stem Cell Transplantation and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. (onclive.com)

After binding of a suitable antigen to the receptor, a signaling pathway is triggered inside the T cell that 'arms' the cell for the respective task. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy33

Organisms14

Diseases5

Chemicals and Drugs130

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment21

Phenomena and Processes56

Information Science3

Health Care1

Antigens16

Cytotoxic T cel2

Dendritic cells5

Lymphocytes18

Ligand11

Chimeric7

Tumor microenvironment5

Immunotherapy7

Vitro10

Lymphocyte6

Protein14

Microenvironment2

Cytokine5

Induces2

Murine3

Molecules5

Macrophages5

Expression16

Proliferation4

Binds3

Transgenic7

Inhibitory1

Surface receptors1

Genes3

Allogeneic10

Infiltration4

Reactive8

Peripheral blood3

Immunol1

Cytotoxicity1

Responses11

Repertoire3

Clonal expanded1

Phenotype4

Blockade1

Mice10

Epitope4

Coreceptor4

Adoptive transfer1

APCs1

Activation9

Tumors1

Chronic2

Autoimmunity2

Effector cell3

FoxP31

Complexes3

Monoclonal2

Regulatory3

Distinct2

Immunity3

Functional3

Immunologic1

Immune system2

Phagocytic cells1

Antigen-pres1

Antitumor activity1

Subsets1

Sequences1

Leukocyte adhesion d2

Similarly1

Assay2

Stem cell transplant3

Pathway1