Cd4 t cells in vitro. Medical search. Frequent questions

Blockade of TGF-beta in vitro and in vivo interfered with immunosuppression. (nih.gov)
however, little is known about the in vivo effects of this naturally occurring polyphenol on human immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Our data revealed that resveratrol induced measurable changes in circulating immune cells in humans and showed considerable antioxidant activities and other biological effects in humans in vivo. (hindawi.com)
The major breakthrough is the identification of a biomarker of HIV persistent cells in vivo. (europa.eu)
Antibodies to LAG-3 inhibit suppression by induced Tregs both in vitro and in vivo. (nih.gov)
Methodology: A combined approach of in vitro and ex vivo experiments using T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and Natalizumab treated MS patients was chosen. (ucl.ac.uk)
Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) manipulated ex vivo have potential as cellular therapeutics in autoimmunity and transplantation. (lu.se)
Thus, CD4 T cell assist performs a vital function in producing protecting CD8 T cell responses towards M. tuberculosis an infection in vitro and in vivo. (tbdb.org)
These reprogrammed iTregs augmented their suppressive activity both in vitro and in vivo, hence, providing a promising cell-based therapy in preventing GvHD. (umass.edu)
6 In addition, rATG may selectively promote the expansion of regulatory T cells, 11 possibly inducing in vivo immune tolerance through this mechanism. (haematologica.org)
Furthermore, purified CD4 + CD25 + cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated or UVB-irradiated mice compared with equal numbers of CD4 + CD25 + cells from control mice had increased capacity to suppress immune responses in both in vitro and in vivo assay systems. (aai.org)
Following the sensitization of recipient mice with OVA, the proportion of CD4 + Foxp3 + cells of donor origin significantly increased in recipients of CD4 + CD25 + cells from the SDLN of 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated mice, indicating that these regulatory T cells can expand in vivo with antigenic stimulation. (aai.org)
Immunosuppression mediated by MICCop was investigated in vivo by daily assessment of clinical signs of paralysis and in in vitro restimulation assays of peripheral immune cells. (uni-koeln.de)
MIP-1 proteins have been reported to have multiple effects on hematopoietic precursor cells and MIP-1 alpha has been identified as a stem cell inhibitory factor that can inhibit the proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells in vitro as well as in vivo . (rndsystems.com)
Pulsed high potential electrotherapy is thought to denature and disrupt the fragile gp120 and gp41 receptor proteins found on the surface of the HIV virion, disabling the gp41 mechanism and thereby inhibiting the ability of the virus to infect CD4 cells in vivo. (electroherbalism.com)
Relating in vitro to in vivo exposures with physiologically based tissue dosimetry and tissue response models. (cdc.gov)
1990. Cell replication and unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) activity of low molecular weight chlorinated paraffins in the rat liver in vivo. (cdc.gov)
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of DC-targeting PLGA nanoparticles encapsulating heparanase CD4 + and CD8 + T-cell epitopes for cancer immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
The localization of this cell population to specialized lymphoid structures suggests that it may play a role in the evolution of the antibody response following antigenic stimulation in vivo. (lu.se)

Evidence for CD4 + T-cell involvement in autoimmune disease pathogenesis and for paracrine calcitriol signaling to CD4 + T lymphocytes is summarized to support the thesis that calcitriol is sunlight's main protective signal transducer in autoimmune disease risk. (frontiersin.org)
Gene-environment interactions, sunlight and vitamin D, and T lymphocytes as autoimmune disease initiators and vitamin D targets are discussed to explain the rationale for reviewing vitamin D mechanisms in T cells. (frontiersin.org)
Recent studies using neutralizing anti-CCL5 antibodies have suggested that the constitutive expression of CCL5 plays a regulatory role in maintaining tissue-resident memory (Trm) T cells in the human vaginal tract 9 and mouse skin 10 , suggesting that constitutive CCL5 expression in noninflamed conditions, hereafter referred to as homeostatic CCL5 expression, might be important for homeostasis of tissue-resident lymphocytes. (nature.com)
Our discovery that CD32a+ CD4 T lymphocytes harbor the elusive HIV-1 reservoir is a crucial step towards specific targeting and elimination of this HIV-1 reservoir. (europa.eu)
To circumvent this limitation, we screened mice engineered to carry eight MM lesions (NF-kappa B, KRAS, MYC, TP53, BCL2, cyclin D1, MMSET/NSD2 and c-MAF) combinatorially activated in B lymphocytes following T cell-driven immunization. (unav.edu)
Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
An accumulation of lymphocytes, especially CD4 + T cells, in TPE has been well documented ( 2 ). (atsjournals.org)
Additionally, the MIP-1 proteins have been reported to have chemoattractant and adhesive effects on lymphocytes, with MIP-1 alpha and MIP-1 beta preferentially attracting CD8 + and CD4 + T cells, respectively. (rndsystems.com)
CD4 is primarily expressed in a subset of T-lymphocytes, also referred to as T helper cells, but may also be expressed by other cells in the immune system, such as monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (thermofisher.com)
Programmed cell death (apoptosis) of activated lymphocytes is critical to immune homeostasis. (medscape.com)
The cell surface protein Fas (CD95) and its ligand play a pivotal role in regulating lymphocyte apoptosis, and defective expression of either Fas or Fas ligand results in marked overaccumulation of mature lymphocytes and autoimmune disease in mice. (medscape.com)
1993. Decrease of CD4-positive T lymphocytes in workers exposed to benzidine and beta-naphthylamine. (cdc.gov)
The development of skin sensitization is associated with, and requires, the activation and clonal expansion of allergen responsive T lymphocytes and it is these cells that orchestrate the cutaneous allergic reaction. (cdc.gov)

[ 1 ] Within the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) category of "acute myeloid leukemia and related neoplasms," the related neoplasms derive from immature cells with evidence of myeloid differentiation, or from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
CD80/86-CD28 interaction and others), these signals initiate a program of cell division and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
Cluster of differentiation (CD) 4 + T cells are essential organizers of cell-mediated immunity, participating in each stage of the immune response. (spandidos-publications.com)
However, differentiation and immune regulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) remain unknown. (atsjournals.org)
The impacts of proinflammatory cytokines and antigen presentation by pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) on Th22-cell differentiation were explored. (atsjournals.org)
IL-1β, IL-6, and/or tumor necrosis factor-α promoted Th22-cell differentiation from CD4 + T cells. (atsjournals.org)
Moreover, PMCs were able to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation by presenting tuberculosis-specific antigen. (atsjournals.org)
In particular, PMCs were able to function as antigen-presenting cells to stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22-cell differentiation. (atsjournals.org)
Pleural mesothelial cells stimulate CD4 + T-cell proliferation and Th22 cell differentiation in response to tuberculosis antigen. (atsjournals.org)
In vitro differentiation of Th9 cells from the larger CD4 + T cell population provides increased numbers of Th9 cells to facilitate research into their functions. (rndsystems.com)
Following cell differentiation, flow cytometry can be used to verify the expression of established cell surface or intracellular markers of CD4 + T cell subsets. (rndsystems.com)
Intracellular markers include transcription factors that control CD4 + T cell differentiation as well as signature cytokines as they traffic through secretory organelles. (rndsystems.com)
The culture medium from CD4 + T cell differentiation procedures should be analyzed to confirm that the cells are secreting cytokines relevant to the desired cell subset. (rndsystems.com)
The transcription factor STAT1 plays a critical role in modulating the differentiation of CD4 + T cells producing IL-17 and GM-CSF, which promote the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The protective role of STAT1 in MS and EAE has been largely attributed to its ability to limit pathogenic Th cells and promote Tregs. (jci.org)
TGF-β, IL-6, and IL-23 promote the differentiation of Th17 cells. (jci.org)
ITK is active in T-cell malignancies and has been linked to tumor immune invasion and survival through its critical role in T helper type 2 (Th2) cell differentiation, making it an attractive therapeutic target. (aacrjournals.org)
Myeloid-related precursor neoplasms derive from precursor cells that have at least one form of myeloid differentiation. (medscape.com)
The presence of the characteristic chromosomal translocation always involving the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 ( FGFR1 ) gene at chromosome 8p11 in both the myeloid and lymphoid malignancies suggests bilineage differentiation from an affected pluripotent stem cell. (medscape.com)
We have examined the ability of peripheral blood helper T cells coexpressing CD57 to participate in B cell activation/differentiation and evaluated their responses to polyclonal stimulation. (lu.se)
Furthermore these cells do not induce differentiation of B cells into immunoglobulin-producing cells. (lu.se)

While cells expressing cell surface TGF-beta were detectable in mice with inflammation, albeit at a lower frequency compared with that in tolerized mice, only those from tolerized mice expressed FOXP3. (nih.gov)
We propose a model of antigen-induced tolerance that involves cell-cell contact with regulatory CD4(+) T cells that coexpress membrane-bound TGF-beta and FOXP3. (nih.gov)
Animal modeling and human mechanistic data are summarized to support the view that vitamin D probably influences thymic negative selection, effector Th1 and Th17 pathogenesis and responsiveness to extrinsic cell death signals, FoxP3 + CD4 + T-regulatory cell and CD4 + T-regulatory cell type 1 (Tr1) cell functions, and a Th1-Tr1 switch. (frontiersin.org)
GDF15 promotes the generation of peripherally derived inducible Treg (iTreg) cells and enhances the suppressive function of natural Treg (nTreg) cells by interacting with a previously unrecognized receptor CD48 on T cells and thus downregulates STUB1, an E3 ligase that mediates forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) protein degradation. (bmj.com)
Here we demonstrate that stimulation of mouse CD4(+) T cells by immature allogeneic dendritic cells combined with pharmacological inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE) resulted in a functional enrichment of Foxp3(+) T cells. (lu.se)
Notably, PDE inhibition also enhanced the enrichment of human Foxp3(+) CD4(+) T cells driven by allogeneic APCs. (lu.se)
Using mice with selective deletion of STAT1 in T cells (STAT1 CD4-Cre ), we identified a potentially novel mechanism by which STAT1 regulates neuroinflammation independently of Foxp3 + Tregs. (jci.org)
The number and inhibitory activity of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells were analysed by histology, flow cytometry and in vitro mixed lymphocyte cultures. (uni-koeln.de)
Administered MICCop migrated to various organs leading to an increased infiltration of the spleen and the central nervous system with CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) cells displaying a suppressive cytokine profile and inhibiting T-cell responses. (uni-koeln.de)

Powrie worked with Don Mason at the Sir William Dunn School of Pathology studying the interactions of different subsets of CD4+ T cells in rats. (wikipedia.org)
The roles of antigen-specificity, responsiveness to TGFβ and APC subsets in tumour-induced expansion of regulatory T cells. (imperial.ac.uk)
Many subsets of CD4 + T cells have been identified as players in perpetuating chronic intestinal inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Naive CD4 + T cells can develop into various helper T (Th) subsets with different cytokine profiles and play a discriminative role in translating antigen-specific immune responses into tissue functions or immunopathology. (atsjournals.org)
More and more data have demonstrated that several Th subsets, such as Th1 cells ( 3 ), Th17 cells ( 4 ), regulatory T cells ( 5 ), and so on, are involved in the pathogenesis of TPE. (atsjournals.org)
CD4 + T cell subsets exert diverse functions due to their expression of characteristic cytokines. (rndsystems.com)
Effector CD4 + T cell subsets have been defined based on their secretion of cytokines, as well as based on transcription factors and cytokines required for their development and maintenance. (jci.org)

Lastly, ectopic expression of LAG-3 on CD4(+) T cells significantly reduces their proliferative capacity and confers on them suppressor activity toward effector T cells. (nih.gov)
T helper type 9 (Th9) cells constitute one subset of CD4 + effector T cells and are characterized by the secretion of IL-9, IL-10, and IL-21. (rndsystems.com)
STAT1-deficient effector T cells became the target of NK cell-mediated killing, limiting their capacity to induce EAE. (jci.org)

Stimulation of naive CD4 cells by specific antigen results in proliferation and changes in cell surface marker expression as the cells differentiate into effector and memory cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
AU - Lee,W T, AU - Pelletier,W J, PY - 1998/9/23/pubmed PY - 1998/9/23/medline PY - 1998/9/23/entrez SP - 1 EP - 11 JF - Cellular immunology JO - Cell Immunol VL - 188 IS - 1 N2 - Stimulation of naive CD4 cells by specific antigen results in proliferation and changes in cell surface marker expression as the cells differentiate into effector and memory cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
Analogous studies in a murine syngeneic tumor model using surrogate antibodies demonstrated significant synergy between LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade-combination treatment led to a marked improvement in therapeutic efficacy, increased T-cell proliferation, IFNγ production, and elicited durable immunologic memory upon tumor rechallenge. (aacrjournals.org)
Furthermore, the proliferation of Th17 cells and Th17‑associated cytokines, including interleukin (IL)17, IL23 and RAR‑related orphan receptor γt, was analyzed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. (spandidos-publications.com)
Without further manipulation or selection, the resultant population delayed skin allograft rejection mediated by polyclonal CD4(+) effectors or donor-reactive CD8(+) T cell receptor transgenic T cells and inhibited both effector cell proliferation and T cell priming for interferon-γ production. (lu.se)
These cells inhibited T cell proliferation in a standard in vitro mixed lymphocyte assay and, moreover, attenuated the development of vasculopathy mediated by autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a functionally relevant humanized mouse transplant model. (lu.se)
Knockdown of KDM1B inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. (cancerindex.org)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) limit autoimmunity but also attenuate the magnitude of antipathogen and antitumor immunity. (nih.gov)
Cellular immunity, particularly of CD4 + T cells, IFN-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, has a central role in the control of and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection ( 1 ). (atsjournals.org)
Th9 cells protect against helminth infection, promote CTL and NK cell mediated anti-tumor immunity, and contribute to chronic inflammation in allergic asthma, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, autoimmunity, and tuberculosis. (rndsystems.com)
CD4 T cells are important for immunity to tuberculosis as a result of they produce cytokines, together with interferon-γ. (tbdb.org)
These features may be responsible for the recruitment and activation of T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, characterizing the stromal component of this lymphoma, and may point towards innate immunity and a tumor tolerogenic immune response in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma. (haematologica.org)
Dr. Knutson and colleagues conduct research on cancer vaccines focused on augmenting CD4 helper T cell immunity using peptide epitopes. (mayo.edu)

Venous blood was collected for characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), HRF, monocyte chemoattractant proteins (MCP), and the chemokine known as regulated on activation normal-T expressed and secreted (RANTES). (cdc.gov)
Flow cytometry was used to investigate the percentage of Th17 and Th1 cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stained with APC-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human CD19 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB4867A ) and either (A) PE-conjugated Mouse Anti-Human CCR6 Monoclonal Antibody (Catalog # FAB195P ) or (B) PE-conjugated Mouse IgG2B Isotype Control (Catalog # IC0041P ). (rndsystems.com)
Methods: We replaced DCs by peripheral mononuclear cells and myelin autoantigens by glatiramer acetate (Copaxone (R)), a drug approved for the treatment of MS. Spleen cells were loaded with Copaxone (R), incubated with mitomycin C (MICCop) and injected into mice after the first bout of relapsing-remitting EAE. (uni-koeln.de)
In initial experiments using activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, each analogue compound demonstrated marked antiviral activity against two R5 HIV isolates. (unige.ch)
Indeed, ibrutinib irreversibly bound ITK both in vitro and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ibrutinib-treated patients. (aacrjournals.org)

This work identified that CD4+OX22hi (OX22 is CD45RC in rats and the equivalent of CD45RB in mice, both isoforms of CD45) T cells contained pathogenic activity while CD4+OX22lo T cells contained regulatory activity and could prevent the pathogenic activity of CD4+OX22hi T cells These were foundational studies and represented some of the seminal work on regulatory T cells (Treg). (wikipedia.org)
Resveratrol was safe and well tolerated and was associated with significant increases in the numbers of circulating γδ T cells and regulatory T cells and resulted in small, yet significant, decreases in the plasma levels of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF- α and MCP-1 and a significant increase in the plasma antioxidant activity compared with the corresponding antioxidant baseline activity and with that in four control individuals. (hindawi.com)
In in vitro studies, resveratrol significantly improved the growth of γδ T cells and regulatory T cells. (hindawi.com)
Preclinical studies have shown that resveratrol induces immunomodulatory effects, including the upregulation of NKG2D receptors on natural killer cells (NK) that it promotes the NKG2D-dependent killing of tumor cells [ 13 , 14 ] and the induction of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the colonic tissues of mice exposed to colonic inflammatory stress [ 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
Albeit Foxp3+ Tregs had lower levels of CD49d, Natalizumab blocked the transmigration of Foxp3+ Tregs similar to non-regulatory T cells. (ucl.ac.uk)
In the context of cell-based therapy, we demonstrated that targeting PKCtheta via a cell-penetrating antibody in induced regulatory T cells (iTregs) generated a novel, highly stable, super-suppressive iTregs by reprogramming their post-transcriptional organization and epigenetic signatures. (umass.edu)
A number of different mechanisms and several areas of immune escape are being investigated, including cellular reprogramming (for example, epithelial to mesenchymal transition) and recruitment of regulatory T cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells into the tumor microenvironment. (mayo.edu)

Frequent sites of occurrence of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) include the skin, as well as the peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM). (medscape.com)
Furthermore, Powrie was among the first to identify a population of CD4+CD25+ T cells in human peripheral blood that possessed regulatory capacity, confirming these cells as a bona fide T cell subset in humans. (wikipedia.org)
The results revealed that the prevalence of Th17 cells in patients with LSCC was elevated in their primary tumors, as well as in peripheral blood, compared with that in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study revealed that patients with LSCC have elevated levels of Th17 cells in their primary tumors and peripheral blood compared with those in healthy controls. (spandidos-publications.com)
Th9 polarized cells are present in low abundance in normal human peripheral blood. (rndsystems.com)
Applications Tested: This RPA-T4 antibody has been pre-titrated and tested by flow cytometric analysis of normal human peripheral blood cells. (thermofisher.com)
A small subpopulation of CD4 + T cells found in peripheral blood coexpresses the CD57 + marker normally found on, e.g. (lu.se)
The findings suggest that this peripheral blood helper T cell population is functionally different from regular CD4 + T cells. (lu.se)

In this study, we examined the acquisition of memory markers after the initial stimulation of naive T cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
The data suggests that, as some researchers had hypothesized, Ad5-specific memory CD4 T cells may be rendered particularly susceptible to HIV after Ad5 stimulation. (typepad.com)
We have generated a high affinity and selective humanized monoclonal IgG4 antibody, TSR-033, which binds human LAG-3 and serves as a functional antagonist, enhancing in vitro T-cell activation both in mixed lymphocyte reactions and staphylococcal enterotoxin B-driven stimulation assays. (aacrjournals.org)
Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
Although it is possible to expand naturally occurring T(regs), an attractive alternative possibility, particularly suited to solid organ and bone marrow transplantation, is the stimulation of total T cell populations with defined allogeneic antigen-presenting cells (APCs) under conditions that lead to the generation or expansion of donor-reactive, adaptive T(regs). (lu.se)
Binding of this protein to CXCR3 results in pleiotropic effects, including stimulation of monocytes, natural killer and T-cell migration, and modulation of adhesion molecule expression. (cancerindex.org)

T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
Cytoplasmic delivery and cross-presentation of proteins and peptides is necessary for processing and presentation of antigens for the generation of cytotoxic T cells. (edu.au)
The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay tests for Cell Mediated Immune (CMI) responses to peptide antigens that simulate mycobacterial proteins. (cdc.gov)

Lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a coinhibitory receptor associated with impaired T-cell function and is frequently coexpressed with programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) in the context of human cancers. (aacrjournals.org)
T helper cells recognize antigen presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex II on antigen-presenting cells in a T cell receptor-dependent fashion (not shown). (frontiersin.org)
Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
However, some CD4+ T cells express another chemokine receptor, CXCR4 (which can also serve as a coreceptor for HIV-1). (sciforums.com)
Do we know for sure that HIV-1 binds to the receptor site of either CCR5 or CXCR4, or is it a random length along the peptide (although it obviously has to be outside the cell)? (sciforums.com)
Dendritic cell (DC) -specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN), Mannose receptor (MR) and NOD-like receptors (NLRs) associated to inflammasome activation. (tbdb.org)
It is found that alloreactive donor-derived T cells activated through their T cell receptor (TCR) are primarily the major contributors to the immunopathobiology of GvHD. (umass.edu)
BTK shares significant homology with interleukin-2 inducible kinase (ITK), which acts downstream of the T-cell receptor (TCR). (aacrjournals.org)
Description: The RPA-T4 monoclonal antibody reacts with human CD4, a 59 kDa cell surface receptor expressed by a majority of thymocytes, subpopulation of mature T cells (T-helper cells) and in low levels on monocytes. (thermofisher.com)
CD4 is a receptor for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (thermofisher.com)
The CD4 antigen is involved in the recognition of MHC class II molecules and is a co-receptor for HIV. (thermofisher.com)
CD4 functions to initiate or augment the early phase of T-cell activation through its association with the T-cell receptor complex and protein tyrosine kinase, Lck. (thermofisher.com)
Consequently, despite their CD4 phenotype and their ability to be activated, to express the IL-2 receptor, and to enter into the cell cycle, they do not act as T helper cells under conditions where CD4 + /CD57 - cells normally do so. (lu.se)

Natural CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs express LAG-3 upon activation, which is significantly enhanced in the presence of effector cells, whereas CD4(+)CD25(+) Tregs from LAG-3(-/-) mice exhibit reduced regulatory activity. (nih.gov)
The immunomodulatory effects of vitamin D have been described following chronic oral administration to mice or supplementation of cell cultures with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ), the active form of vitamin D. In this study, topically applied 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , enhanced the suppressive capacity of CD4 + CD25 + cells from the draining lymph nodes. (aai.org)
This regulation was lost upon removal of CD4 + CD25 + cells. (aai.org)

Therefore, we have utilized a human in vitro T cell priming assay to determine whether prior infection by Ad5 affects replication of HIV-1 in human CD4 T cells following exposure to a replication-defective Ad5 vector. (typepad.com)
Humoral and cellular immune responses were then determined by ELISA and in vitro antigen restimulation assay. (uni-koeln.de)
The QuantiFERON®-TB Gold Plus assay is an in vitro diagnostic test using a peptide cocktail simulating ESAT-6 and CFP-10 proteins to stimulate cells in heparinized whole blood. (cdc.gov)

We report here a study of immune activation markers and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro of forty-five highly exposed uninfected partners (EUs) of HIV-1 infected individuals in Central African Republic, in comparison with forty-four low-risk blood donors (UCs). (pasteur.fr)
CCL5 is a unique chemokine with distinct stage and cell-type specificities for regulating inflammation, but how these specificities are achieved and how CCL5 modulates immune responses is not well understood. (nature.com)
In addition to its roles in the regulation of inflammatory diseases and the maintenance of local immune cells, CCL5 expressed by cancer cells plays diverse roles in shaping cancer microenvironments toward their own survival. (nature.com)
Other studies reported that some cancer cells could repress their own CCL5 expression to hinder migration of anticancer immune cells toward cancer sites 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
Therefore, host CCL5 can obviously work as an anticancer molecule to mount relevant immune responses against some cancer cells. (nature.com)
We assessed the effects of repeated doses of resveratrol (1000 mg/day for 28 days) on circulating immune cells in healthy Japanese individuals. (hindawi.com)
These findings demonstrate that resveratrol has some clear biological effects on human circulating immune cells. (hindawi.com)
Thus, the current study evaluated the effects of repeated oral doses of resveratrol on circulating immune cells in healthy individuals. (hindawi.com)
In a humanized mouse non-small cell lung carcinoma model, TSR-033 boosted the antitumor efficacy of PD-1 monotherapy, with a concomitant increase in immune activation. (aacrjournals.org)
the genetic control of immune responses to T cell epitopes with respect to MHC and non-MHC linked genes. (imperial.ac.uk)
The authors conclude that the HRF bioassay appears to detect a cell mediated immune response to DI haptens in workers with DI induced OA. (cdc.gov)
Inflammatory bowel disease is a complex set of diseases that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), each with multiple bacterial, immune, and non-immune cell types contributing to inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays defined a high ratio of CD8(+) T cells versus T-reg cells as a predictor of response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). (unav.edu)
Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
If it's not too important (people can live without it), we could possibly engineer cells that produce antibodies that bind to the active site of the CCR5 protein, but do not illicit an immune response from the host organism. (sciforums.com)
ATG can exert various effects on the immune system, including T-cell depletion in the blood and peripheral tissues, down-modulation of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, 7 and possibly a direct effect on hematopoietic stem cells. (haematologica.org)
CD4 + cells from the skin-draining lymph nodes (SDLN) of either 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 -treated or UVB-irradiated mice had reduced capacity to proliferate to Ags presented in vitro, and could suppress Ag-specific immune responses upon adoptive transfer into naive mice. (aai.org)
Results: MICCop cells were able to inhibit the harmful autoreactive T-cell response and prevented mice from further relapses without affecting general immune responses. (uni-koeln.de)
Conclusions The gene expression profile of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma, in comparison with that of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma, shows features suggestive of a distinct tolerogenic host immune response that may play a key role in the aggressive behavior of this lymphoma, and that may serve as a potential target for future therapy. (haematologica.org)
In recent years, much has been learned of the characteristics of immune responses to skin sensitizing chemicals and of the roles played by dendritic cells, cytokines and chemokines. (cdc.gov)

At day 6, following addition of T cells, the Ad5-experienced CD4 T cells were found to produce twice the p24 as the Ad5-naive CD4 T cells. (typepad.com)

Research on vitamin D regulation of thymocyte selection, Th1 and Th17 cells, T-cell programed cell death, and T-regulatory (Treg) cells is summarized and integrated into model mechanisms. (frontiersin.org)
It has been confirmed that naïve (uncommitted) CD4 + T cells can be induced to different specific lineages according to the local cytokine, including towards T helper (Th)1, Th2, Th17 and T regulatory (Treg) cells ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are key mediators of HCC-associated immunosuppression. (bmj.com)
We investigated the selective mechanism exploited by HCC that lead to Treg cells expansion and to find more efficacious immunotherapies. (bmj.com)
Methods We used matched tumor tissues and blood samples from 150 patients with HCC to identify key factors of Treg cells expansion. (bmj.com)
We used flow cytometry, coimmunoprecipitation, RNA sequencing, mass spectrum, chromatin immunoprecipitation and Gdf15 -/- , OT-I and GFP transgenic mice to demonstrate the effects of GDF15 on Treg cells and related molecular mechanism. (bmj.com)
Results GDF15 is positively associated with the elevation of Treg cell frequencies in patients wih HCC. (bmj.com)
Conclusions Our results reveal the generation and function enhancement of Treg cells induced by GDF15 is a new mechanism for HCC-related immunosuppression. (bmj.com)
A comparative analysis of gene expression arrays from antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells differentiating to either an effector/memory or a regulatory phenotype revealed Treg-selective expression of LAG-3, a CD4-related molecule that binds MHC class II. (nih.gov)
CD4+CD25highCD45RA+ "naïve" Treg cells and CD4+CD25highCD45RA- "memory" Treg cells were isolated by FACS (BD FACSAria, BD Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany) and expanded in vitro. (nih.gov)

The CD4(+) T cells expressed both cell surface and soluble TGF-beta and inhibited the development of an allergic phenotype when adoptively transferred to naive recipient mice. (nih.gov)
Although cells that expressed TGF-beta on the cell surface (TGF-beta(+)), as well as the ones that did not (TGF-beta(-)), secreted equivalent levels of soluble TGF-beta, only the former were able to blunt the development of an allergic phenotype in mice. (nih.gov)

These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
For protocols to stain membrane-associated molecules or intracellular molecules (using either detergents or alcohol to permeabilize the cell membrane), please visit Flow Cytometry Protocols on our website. (rndsystems.com)
Purified helped, however not helpless, CD8 T cells effectively prohibit intracellular bacterial progress in vitro. (tbdb.org)
In addition, we established an effective strategy for intracellular antibody delivery against activated PKCtheta by cell-penetrating peptide mimics (CPPMs). (umass.edu)
b ) GFP transfer from sGFP-expressing KPT lung cancer sender cells (marked by intracellular tdTomato) to αGFP-expressing 293 receiver cells. (elifesciences.org)
f ) Analysis of GFP Mean Fluorescence Intensity (MFI) of αGFP receiver cells (marked by intracellular BFP) co-cultured with sGFP sender cells (marked by intracellular tdTomato) co-cultured for the indicated amount of time. (elifesciences.org)

Given the importance of CD4 + Th cells in the disease process, this review will focus on how Th cells differentiate in the inflamed intestinal tract during IBD and how the Th lineage-specific cytokines and transcription factors (TFs) contribute to disease. (frontiersin.org)
The present study investigated the expression of T helper (Th)17 cytokines in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance in providing new therapeutic insights. (spandidos-publications.com)
It was further demonstrated that Th17 cells could be induced and expanded in the tumor microenvironment through cytokines produced by the tumor cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
The overrepresentation of Th22 cells in TPE may be due to pleural cytokines and to PMC-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
Our results suggest that the accumulation of Th22 cells in tuberculous pleural effusion may be due to the increased local proinflammatory cytokines and to pleural mesothelial cell-produced chemokines. (atsjournals.org)
The CD4 + CD57 + T cells do not express mRNA for a number of different cytokines or for the CD40 ligand after activation in vitro. (lu.se)

The neoplastic cells in blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) are typically positive for CD45, HLA-DR, CD43, CD4, CD56, and cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA). (medscape.com)
This review summarizes and integrates research on vitamin D and CD4 + T-lymphocyte biology to develop new mechanistic insights into the molecular etiology of autoimmune disease. (frontiersin.org)
We previously described the use of the 16 amino acid peptide penetratin from the Drosophila Antennapedia homeodomain (penetratin, Antp) to transport cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes derived from ovalbumin (OVA) or the Mucin-1 tumor-associated antigen into cells. (edu.au)
The aggressive T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and the indolent nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma are both characterized by a paucity of tumor cells embedded in an overwhelming background. (haematologica.org)
Design and Methods We collected 33 cases of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma and 56 cases of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma and performed microarray gene expression profiling on ten cases of each lymphoma, to obtain a better understanding of the lymphoma host response. (haematologica.org)
By quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction we verified that these 20 selected cases were representative of the entire population of T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell and nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
Results We observed that the microenvironment in nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma is molecularly very similar to a lymph node characterized by follicular hyperplasia, while the microenvironment in T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma is clearly different. (haematologica.org)
1 Initial studies demonstrated that a particular subgroup of T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas mirror nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma (NLPHL) and are characterized by a T-cell and histiocyte-rich stroma. (haematologica.org)

Antibodies tend to do two bad things in this context : when they bind, they can mimick the ligand and induce signaling in the cell, which can lead to various problems if you over stimulate them. (sciforums.com)
The induction of these responses was directly mediated by the penetratin peptide as linking a nonspecific 16-mer peptide to OVA or mixing did not induce CD8(+) or CD4(+) T-cell responses in vitro. (edu.au)

Utilizing two unbiased fashions , we present that CD4 T cell assist enhances CD8 effector features and prevents CD8 T cell exhaustion. (tbdb.org)

Determine the percentage of differentiated cells by flow cytometry using the suggested reagents shown in the table below. (rndsystems.com)
To prepare cells for flow cytometry, wash the cells once with RPMI and resuspend them in 1 mL of RPMI, 2 mM L-glutamine, 10 units/mL penicillin, 10 µg/mL streptomycin, 10% FBS, 50 ng/mL PMA, and 1 µg/mL calcium ionomycin. (rndsystems.com)
Other tests may be done, including flow cytometry to determine T, B, and natural killer cell counts. (msdmanuals.com)

We have now shown that penetratin covalently conjugated to OVA protein and linked in tandem to CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T-cell epitopes from OVA-stimulated T cells in vitro (B3Z T-cell hybridoma and OT-I and OT-II T cells). (edu.au)

Elimination of NK cells restored EAE susceptibility in STAT1 CD4-Cre mice. (jci.org)

However, studies have clearly shown that Ad-specific memory CD4 T cell responses are highly cross-reactive against different serotypes, which may call into serious question the safety of any adenovirus-based vaccine candidate in individuals at risk for HIV infection (this may even hold true for vectors based on chimpanzee adenoviruses, see second abstract below). (typepad.com)
Interestingly, IBD patients with concurrent HIV infection also exhibit a greater incidence of remission as compared to non-HIV controls, correlating with decreased total blood CD4 + T cell counts ( 3 , 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
IL-22-producing helper T cells (Th22 cells) have been reported to be involved in tuberculosis infection. (atsjournals.org)
Similarly, preincubation of LC with each analogue was able to block LC-mediated infection of cocultured CD4(+) T cells. (unige.ch)
Finally, when CCR5 genetic polymorphism data were integrated with results from the in vitro LC infection studies, PSC-RANTES was found to be equally effective in inhibiting R5 HIV in LC isolated from individuals with CCR5 diplotypes known to be associated with low, intermediate, and high cell surface levels of CCR5. (unige.ch)

Their CD4 T cells do not respond to mitogens or allogeneic cells in vitro and do not produce CD8 cytotoxic T cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Whole protein and defined CD8(+) and CD4(+) peptides linked to penetratin targets both MHC class I and II antigen presentation pathways. (edu.au)

Hapten specific enhancement of HRF was significantly greater when PBMCs were stimulated in-vitro with the DI chemicals to which workers had been exposed. (cdc.gov)
Th22 cells were significantly higher in TPE than in blood. (atsjournals.org)
It has already been established that exposure to low potential currents of low power will significantly inhibit the ability of HIV to infect CD4 cells in vitro, (Science News, March 30, 1991, p. 207). (electroherbalism.com)

The secondary endpoints were changes in anti-PGT121 antibody titers and CD4 + T-cell count, and development of HIV-1 sequence variations associated with PGT121 resistance. (nature.com)
Several bNAbs have been tested to date in HIV-1-infected individuals, including the CD4-binding, site-specific antibodies VRC01, 3BNC117, VRC07-523LS and N6-LS, the V3-glycan-specific antibody 10-1074 and the V2-apex-specific antibodies PGDM1400 and CAP256-VRC26.25 (refs. (nature.com)
CPPM: Antibody (cell-penetrating antibody) complexes were readily introduced with high efficacy into hard-to-transfect T cells, dampening PKCtheta-specific downstream response to delay GvHD progression. (umass.edu)
d ) GFP transfer to 293 receiver cells requires sGFP-αGFP interaction and is blocked by an anti-GFP antibody in a dose-dependent manner. (elifesciences.org)
sGFP sender cells were pre-incubated with the indicated concentration of anti-GFP antibody for 2 hr, washed with PBS, and then co-cultured with receiver cells at a 1:1 ratio for 24 hr. (elifesciences.org)
This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
The following product was used in this experiment: CD4 Monoclonal Antibody (RPA-T4), PE-Cyanine7, eBioscience™ from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # 25-0049-42, RRID AB_1659695. (thermofisher.com)
A test is defined as the amount (µg) of antibody that will stain a cell sample in a final volume of 100 µL. (thermofisher.com)

In these studies, CD4 + T cell-depleting and blocking antibodies caused remission from disease in a number of CD and UC patients examined, suggesting a prominent role of CD4 + T cells in propagating disease ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)

CD4 + T cells are key in mediating the host protective and homeostatic responses. (frontiersin.org)
To enhance vaccine potency and improve thus responses to ICI, we analyzed the gene expression profile of an immunosuppressive dendritic cell (DC) population induced during vaccination, with the goal of identifying druggable inhibitory mechanisms. (unav.edu)
Whether or not CD4 T cells act as "helper" cells to advertise optimum CD8 T cell responses throughout Mycobacterium tuberculosis is unknown. (tbdb.org)
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), which serves as an animal model of MS, is also induced by the activation of myelin reactive CD4 + T cells and their subsequent migration in the CNS, where they mediate inflammatory responses, resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration. (jci.org)
Long-term CD8 responses were equally enhanced by antigen-specific and universal CD4 help. (edu.au)

Our objective was to study impacts of Natalizumab therapy on Foxp3+ T regulatory cells (Tregs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. (ucl.ac.uk)
Natalizumab does not alter the suppressive capacity of CD4+CD25highCD127lowFoxp3+ Tregs under in vitro conditions. (ucl.ac.uk)

CD4 helper T cell vaccines. (mayo.edu)

The prevalence of Th17 cells and their receptors in patients with LSCC was studied using immunohistochemical analysis via tissue microarray technology. (spandidos-publications.com)
In conclusion, Th17 cells have a substantial impact on the carcinogenesis of LSCCs, and could serve as a potential therapeutic target to modulate the anti‑tumor response in these carcinomas. (spandidos-publications.com)
Interleukin (IL)17-producing Th17 cells, which are different from Th1 and Th2 cells, have been described as serving critical roles in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, as well as in cancer development ( 8 - 11 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Considering these facts, it could be concluded that pro-inflammatory Th17 cells may have extensive effects on LSCC pathogenesis and anti-tumor response. (spandidos-publications.com)
In addition, the LSCC microenvironment was identified as a strong Th17-cell inducer. (spandidos-publications.com)
Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)

HIV-1 replication was monitored by p24 ELISA of supernatants from DC-primed CD4 T cell cultures. (typepad.com)
It was found that PMCs expressed CCL20, CCL22, and CCL27, and that TPE and PMC supernatants were chemotactic for Th22 cells. (atsjournals.org)

Chronic T-cell exhaustion is marked by the progressive upregulation of coinhibitory receptors, PD-1 being one of the most prominent, but also other coregulated receptors such as LAG-3 ( 4, 5 ). (aacrjournals.org)
The T-cell/histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma signature is hallmarked by up-regulation of CCL8, interferon-γ, indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase, VSIG4 and Toll-like receptors. (haematologica.org)

These microspheres containing rAg85B were assessed for their ability to deliver antigen to macrophages for subsequent processing and presentation to the specific CD4 T-hybridoma cells DB-1. (rti.org)
It is present at the surface of some CD4+ T cells as well as macrophages, both targets of HIV-1. (sciforums.com)

Proinflammatory islet antigen reactive CD4 T cells are linked with response to alefacept in type 1 diabetes. (immunetolerance.org)

CD4(+) T cells from DO11.10 TCR transgenic mice were labeled with the fluorescent dye carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and were stimulated with specific antigen (OVA323-339). (unboundmedicine.com)
Here, she extended her earlier work in rats to mice and developed the "T cell transfer" model, one of the most prominent models of intestinal inflammation where transfer of CD4+CD45RBhi T cells to Rag deficient or SCID mice led to the development of severe intestinal inflammation and wasting disease. (wikipedia.org)
We show synergy between CD4 and CD8 T cells in selling the survival of contaminated mice. (tbdb.org)
Tumor protection was mediated by a CD8(+) T-cell-dependent mechanism and did not require CD4(+) help to protect mice 7 days after a boost immunization. (edu.au)
Alternatively, 40 days after a boost immunization, the presence of CD4(+) help enhanced antigen-specific IFN-γ-secreting CD8(+) T cells and tumor protection in mice challenged with B16.OVA. (edu.au)
Ibrutinib-dependent Th1 skewing also reversed CD8 + T cell-mediated immunosuppression and promoted clearance of Listeria monocytogenes infections in leukemic mice, a notable finding given that infections are the primary cause of death in immunosuppressed patients with CLL. (aacrjournals.org)

The chemoattractant activity of chemokines produced by PMCs for Th22 cells was observed. (atsjournals.org)

Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms driven by PKCtheta in T cells by establishing preclinical all-murine and humanized GvHD mouse models as well as in vitro primary cell cultures. (umass.edu)

We infer vaccines that elicit each CD4 and CD8 T cells are extra seemingly to achieve success than vaccines that elicit solely CD4 or CD8 T cells. (tbdb.org)

No significant differences were found with respect to gender, time since HIV diagnosis, most recent CD4 count, viral load, substance use, comorbidities, or use of antiretroviral therapy. (who.int)

Immature dendritic cells were generated using GM-CSF/IL-4 treatment of CD14 positive cells. (typepad.com)
Topical microbicides that effectively block interactions between CCR5(+) immature Langerhans cells (LC) residing within genital epithelia and R5 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) may decrease sexual transmission of HIV. (unige.ch)

Finally, unanswered questions relating to vitamin D mechanisms in CD4 + T cells are highlighted to promote further research that may lead to a deeper understanding of autoimmune disease molecular etiology. (frontiersin.org)
Background: Dendritic cells (DCs) rendered suppressive by treatment with mitomycin C and loaded with the autoantigen myelin basic protein demonstrated earlier their ability to prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis (MS). This provides an approach for prophylactic vaccination against autoimmune diseases. (uni-koeln.de)
Conclusion: We describe a clinically applicable cell therapeutic approach for controlling relapses in autoimmune encephalomyelitis by specifically silencing the deleterious autoimmune response. (uni-koeln.de)

In lymph nodes, the tumor cells infiltrate the interfollicular areas and medullary areas, often diffusely, whereas bone marrow evaluation may show variable degrees of infiltration ranging from sparse to significant. (medscape.com)
The tumor cells of both lymphomas share several characteristics, while the cellular composition of their microenvironment is clearly different. (haematologica.org)
8 , 10 - 12 Recently, genome-wide analysis of isolated tumor cells from NLPHL and THRLBCL revealed further similarities between the tumors cells of the two lymphomas. (haematologica.org)
Gene expression profiling of lymphomas clearly illustrated that apart from the characteristics of the tumor cells, the microenvironment of the tumor also defines the profile of the lymphoma, and, more importantly, plays a role in predicting the prognosis. (haematologica.org)

At the tissue level, CD4 expression may be detected in thymus, lymph nodes, tonsils, and spleen, and also in specific regions of the brain, gut, and other non-lymphoid tissues. (thermofisher.com)

CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)

In contrast, activity of natural killer cells, which are mostly CD16 or CD56 cells, is normal. (msdmanuals.com)

Lastly, while currently available outcomes of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which manipulate the T cells such as calcineurin inhibitors indicate that they are at least as efficacious and safe as conventional immunosuppressants in treating lupus glomerulonephritis, larger clinical trials are undoubtedly required to validate these as-yet favourable findings. (hindawi.com)
Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)

It should be noted that all current FDA approved pharmaceutical industry HIV drug therapies only inhibit the ability of the HIV virus to replicate once it has infected the cell. (electroherbalism.com)

However FACS analysis of these cells using CD38, Ki67, Bcl-2, CCR5, CCR7 and CD-27 showed no phenotypic difference. (typepad.com)
Finally, cells were washed in 20 ml staining buffer and resuspended in 600 µl staining buffer for FACS-sort. (nih.gov)
RNA was isolated from FACS sorted cells using the RNeasy Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) or TRizol® Reagent (Invitrogen, Darmstadt, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions. (nih.gov)
Western blot analysis of FACS purified Control and αGFP receiver 293 cells cultured in isolation or co-culture with sGFP Tomato-positive sender cells (mouse KPT lung cancer cells) for 24 hr. sGFP but not Tomato is present in touched αGFP receiver cells. (elifesciences.org)

All cases are otherwise negative for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) (assayed using in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded ribonucleic acid [RNA] [EBER-ISH]), B-cell, T-cell, myeloid, and natural killer (NK) cell markers, as well as for cytotoxic proteins (assayed using IHC). (medscape.com)
The macrophage inflammatory proteins -1 alpha and -1 beta were originally co-purified from medium conditioned by an LPS-stimulated murine macrophage cell line. (rndsystems.com)

Home adiponectin elisa CD4 T cell help prevents CD8 T cell exhaustion and promotes control. (tbdb.org)

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a malignancy derived from plasmacyoid dendritic cells. (medscape.com)
The precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells are the cells of origin for blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN), a clinically aggressive disease with a proclivity for the skin and leukemic involvement and for which no consensus currently exists regarding optimal treatment modalities. (medscape.com)
A diffuse infiltrate of medium-sized cells with dispersed chromatin ("blastic") is characteristic of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). (medscape.com)
Pathology of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).Skin involvement by blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm. (medscape.com)

While naturally circulating tecovirimat-resistant monkeypox viruses have not been observed, previous cell culture experiments performed during drug development and independent studies performed prior to the current outbreak have demonstrated induction of resistance following tecovirimat exposure. (cdc.gov)

The pDC markers, CD123 (strong), TCL-1 (90% of cases), CD45RA, blood dendritic cell antigen (BCDA)-2 (expressed in more mature cases), and myxovirus A (MxA) may be detected by flow cytometric immunophenotyping (FCI) and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. (medscape.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms16

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs133

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Vivo19

Lymphocytes13

Differentiation25

FOXP39

Subsets7

Effector T cel3

Proliferation7

Immunity6

Mononuclear cells6

Regulatory T cel8

Peripheral blood8

Stimulation6

Antigens3

Receptor13

CD253

Assay3

Immune20

Naive CD41

Treg10

Phenotype2

Intracellular6

Cytokines6

Lymphocyte8

Induce2

Enhances1

Flow Cytometry3

Epitopes1

Susceptibility1

Infection5

Allogeneic1

Antigen Presentation1

Significantly3

Antibody8

Antibodies1

Responses5

Tregs2

Helper T ce1

Th176

Supernatants2

Receptors2

Macrophages2

Reactive1

Mice6

Chemokines1

Cultures1

Elicit1

Viral1

Immature2

Autoimmune3

Tumor cells4

Lymph nodes1

Blockade1

CD561

Therapeutic3

Inhibit1

FACS4

Proteins2

ELISA1

Blastic plasmacytoid dend4

Experiments1

Dendritic cell1