Cd28 or ctla 4 antigens cd28. Medical search. Frequent questions

CTLA-4 molecules bind to CD80 and CD86 with a higher affinity than CD28 and act as competitive inhibitors of CD28 in APCs. (nih.gov)
however, CD80 has a ten-fold higher affinity for CD28 and CTLA-4 than CD86. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal in T cell activation, CTLA-4 negatively regulates cell-mediated immune responses through interaction with CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC). (biolegend.com)
Abatacept selectively modulates the CD80/CD86:CD28 costimulatory signal required for full T cell activation 2 . (jrheum.org)
La interacción de CD86 con el ANTÍGENO CD28 proporciona una señal coestimuladora a los LINFOCITOS T, mientras que la interacción con el ANTÍGENO CTLA-4 puede desempeñar un papel en la inducción de la TOLERANCIA PERIFÉRICA. (bvsalud.org)
The interaction of CD86 with CD28 ANTIGEN provides a stimulatory signal to T-LYMPHOCYTES, while its interaction with CTLA-4 ANTIGEN may play a role in inducing PERIPHERAL TOLERANCE. (bvsalud.org)
The second involves a network of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules pathways such as CD80/CD86-CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOSL), programmed death-1 (PD-1), programme death ligand-1/2 (PD-L1/PD-L2), 4-1BB-4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), CD40-CD154 ligand, OX40-OX40 ligand and CD27-CD70. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the numbers of circulating CD4+CXCR5+IL-21+ TFH cells, CD19+CD86+CD38+ B cells as well as the level of serum IL-21 were positive related to the level of serum Cr while showing negative correlated with the values of eGFR in the AMR groups at post-transplantation for 4 and 12 weeks. (bvsalud.org)
Finally, and importantly, blockade of the connection of CTLA\4 with its ligands using Toceranib soluble anti\CTLA\4 mAbs, in undamaged form or as Fab fragments, Toceranib enhanced T\cell activation in several polyclonal or alloantigen\specific CD80\ or CD80/CD86\dependent assays, as measured by cytokine production, cellular proliferation or cytotoxic reactions. (technuc.com)
It is concluded that connection of CTLA\4 with its practical ligands, CD80 or CD86, can down\regulate human being T\cell responses, probably by intracellular signalling events and self-employed of CD28 occupancy. (technuc.com)
Number 6 Blocking the cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4)CCD80/CD86 connection enhances T\cell proliferation and cytotoxic reactions. (technuc.com)
CTLA-4 is homologous to the T-cell co-stimulatory protein, CD28, and both molecules bind to CD80 and CD86, also called B7-1 and B7-2 respectively, on antigen-presenting cells. (hostforstudent.com)
CTLA-4 is related to the T cell co-stimulatory receptor CD28, and acts to suppress T cell function by competing with CD28 for binding to CD80 and CD86 on antigen presenting cells and recruiting inhibitory molecules into the TCR signaling synapse. (sanguinebio.com)
Signal 2 is provided by costimulatory proteins, especially the B7 proteins (CD80 and CD86), which are recognized by the co-receptor protein CD28 on the surface of the T cell. (nih.gov)

This illustrates that inhibitory interaction with CTLA-4 is predominant. (wikipedia.org)
The most active T cell endogenous inhibitory pathway is the immunoglobulin superfamily such as CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4): B7-1/B7-2 receptor/ligand grouping, which plays a central role in coordinating immune responses [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: Blocking of CTLA-4/B7-1 interaction and blocking of CTLA-4-mediated inhibitory function to promote T cell expansion 1 , 2 . (biolegend.com)
CTLA-4 is expressed on the surface of helper T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. (biolegend.com)
The binding of these molecules to the T-cell homodimers, CD28 and CTLA-4, generate 'costimulatory' and inhibitory signals in T cells, respectively. (ox.ac.uk)
The structural data suggest a mechanism whereby the avidity-enhanced binding of B7-1 and CTLA-4 homodimers, along with the relatively high affinity of these interactions, favours the formation of very stable inhibitory signaling complexes. (ox.ac.uk)
The CTLA-4 acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation and PD-1 also has an inhibitory function on T cells and B cells, being important in peripheral tolerance. (fapesp.br)
CTLA-4 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that is expressed by activated T cells and transmits an inhibitory signal to T cells. (hostforstudent.com)
1 Signaling through CTLA-4 counteracts CD28-mediated costimulation and induces an inhibitory program that stops T cell proliferation. (acc.org)
Anti-CTLA-4 antibodies thus prevent inhibitory signaling to effector T cells, thereby increasing the ratio of effector cells to regulatory cells and augmenting the antitumor immune response. (acc.org)

Immune checkpoint cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and regulatory T (T reg ) cells play pivotal roles in hindering the anticancer immunity. (nih.gov)
Immunotherapeutic options have elicited a promising approach in some malignancies with Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approving the first checkpoint inhibitor anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) ipilimumab for the treatment of melanoma ten years ago. (stanford.edu)
CD152, also known as Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Antigen 4 (CTLA-4), is a 33 kD member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (biolegend.com)
Abatacept is a fully human soluble fusion protein that consists of the extracellular domain of human cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) linked to the modified Fc portion of human immunoglobulin G1, which has been modified to prevent complement fixation. (jrheum.org)
Occupancy of CTLA\4 (cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 or CD152) negatively regulates the activation of mouse T lymphocytes, seeing that indicated with the destiny of CTLA\4\deficient mice, with the influence of anti\CTLA\4 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) on mouse T\cell activation and by the influence of CTLA\4 blockade within the course of experimental tumoral, autoimmune, alloimmune or infectious disease with this animal. (technuc.com)
Intro CTLA\4 (cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen\4 or Compact disc152), uncovered in a cDNA collection produced from turned on T cells originally, shows important framework and series homology with Compact disc28. (technuc.com)
Number 5 Blocking anti\cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) increase cytokine production inside a polyclonal CD80\dependent T\cell activation assay. (technuc.com)
Desk 2 Anti\cytotoxic T\lymphocyte antigen\4 (CTLA\4) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) augment alloimmune response of individual T cells in secondary combined lymphocyte response (MLR) Anti\CTLA\4 mAbs were also added to main MLR of peripheral blood T lymphocytes against allogeneic monocyte\derived dendritic cells, acquired by tradition of purified peripheral blood monocytes with GM\CSF and IL\4 for 7 days. (technuc.com)
The effective regulation of T cell responses is dependent on opposing signals transmitted through two related cell-surface receptors, CD28 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4). (elsevierpure.com)
To date, development of these agents has focused on two major targets: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) pathway. (acc.org)
To activate a cytotoxic or helper T cell to proliferate and differentiate into an effector cell , an antigen-presenting cell provides two kinds of signals. (nih.gov)

T reg cells suppress antigen-presenting cells (APCs) by depleting immune stimulating cytokines, producing immunosuppressive cytokines and constitutively expressing CTLA-4. (nih.gov)
The purpose of this review is to summarize state-of-the-art understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlining CTLA-4 immune regulation and the correlation of the ICI response with CTLA-4 expression in T reg cells from preclinical and clinical studies for possibly improving CTLA-4-based immunotherapies, while highlighting the knowledge gap. (nih.gov)
CD80 can be found on the surface of various immune cells, including B-cells, monocytes, or T-cells, but most typically at antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells. (wikipedia.org)
CD80 is the ligand for the proteins CD28 (for autoregulation and intercellular association) and CTLA-4 (for attenuation of regulation and cellular disassociation) found on the surface of T-cells. (wikipedia.org)
CD80 binds to CD28 and CTLA-4 with lower affinity and fast binding kinetics (Kd = 4 μM for CD28 and 0.42 μM for CTLA-4), allowing for quick interactions between the communicating cells. (wikipedia.org)
These interactions result in an important costimulatory signal in the immunological synapse between antigen-presenting cells, B-cells, dendritic cells and T-cells that result in T and B-cell activation, proliferation and differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
When the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II)-peptide complex on a dendritic cell interacts with the receptor on a T helper cell, CD80 is up-regulated, licensing the dendritic cell and allowing for interaction between the dendritic cell and CD 8+ T-cells via CD28. (wikipedia.org)
CD80 interaction with CD28 also further stimulates dendritic cells, enhancing cytokine production, specifically IL-6, a pro-inflammatory molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells can restore the activity of exhausted T cell through reprogramming and is widely used in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) hematological malignancies. (hindawi.com)
Novel understanding in the interaction between immune system and cancer cells of the patient holds great promise for immunotherapy development [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
The main target and effector cells of the CTLA-4 blockade treatment in the studied tumor models are tumor-specific endogenous CD8 + T cells that are capable of eradicating also distant tumors, whereas CD4 + T cells do not play a prominent role in the antibody-mediated tumor eradication. (aacrjournals.org)
Regulatory T cells express high levels of CTLA-4. (biolegend.com)
The fluorochrome-labeled L3D10 antibody is useful for immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric analysis to identify CTLA-4-producing cells within mixed cell populations. (biolegend.com)
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with Cell Activation Cocktail (without brefeldin) for 4 hours, surface stained with CD3 APC, fixed, permeabilized, and intracellularly stained with CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone BNI3) PE (left), or mouse IgG2a, κ PE isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
PHA-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (day-3) were stained with CD3 APC and PE anti-human CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone BNI3) (left) or PE mouse IgG2a, κ isotype control (right). (biolegend.com)
sCTLA-4 also plays a role in the initial immune response to infection of immune cells by HIV, along with the CD-1 pathway and others. (biolegend.com)
We aimed to clarify whether soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) activated B cells may be loaded with HBcAg18-27 peptide and served as antigen-producing cells (APCs) to induce HBV-specific cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). (biomedcentral.com)
Efficient antigen presentation by antigen presenting cells (APCs) is critical for inducing T-cell mediated immunity in vivo [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells (DCs), activated macrophages, and activated B cells are all capable of presenting antigen peptides. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen-specific CD40L-activated B cells may efficiently endocytose and present antigens, such as protein, RNA, and cDNA, to prime primary T cells and boost robust memory T-cell responses [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, little is known whether CD40L-activated B cells may present HBV antigen to T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
It is expressed by ANTIGEN-PRESENTING CELLS and binds to CD28 ANTIGEN with high specificity and to CTLA-4 ANTIGEN with low specificity. (bvsalud.org)
CD80 is expressed by activated antigen presenting cells including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. (cytekbio.com)
B7-1 and B7-2 are glycoproteins expressed on antigen presenting cells. (ox.ac.uk)
The cells that die via necrosis release preserved intracellular organelles, antigens, and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as DNA and heat shock proteins (HSPs) [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Dendritic cells that present antigens on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules and show co-stimulators stimulate T-cells and promote a systemic immune response [ 2 , 14 , 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Finally, cytokines control differenti‐ation into different effector cells that deliver signals such as IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐13, INFs, and proinflammatory cytokines [1]. (fdxbhc.com)
Tumor Antigens Many tumor cells produce antigens, which may be released in the bloodstream or remain on the cell surface. (msdmanuals.com)
Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) recognize specific proteins on the surface of tumor cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Concomitant use of interferon enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and TAAs on tumor cells, thereby augmenting the killing of tumor cells by the infused effector cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Regulatory T cells (Treg) from CD4+ CD25+, actively suppress the immune response against self antigens, alloantigens and tumor antigens, promoting tolerance antigen-specific suppression of activation and expansion of effectors cells, and the transcription factor Foxp3 marker as well characterization of this lineage. (fapesp.br)
The binding of costimulatory ligand CD80 to CD28 or CTLA-4 on T cells plays an important role in the regulation of the T cell response. (ox.ac.uk)
B7-H2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of approximately 60 kDa and is expressed on antigen presenting cells such as B cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and also in monocytes. (genscript.jp)
B7-H2-CD28 interaction is essential for the co-stimulation of human T cells' primary responses to allogeneic antigens and memory recall responses.Recombinant Human B7-H2 Fc Chimera produced in HEK293 cells. (genscript.jp)
profoundly inhibited the activation of T cells by immobilized anti\CD3 mAb in the absence of anti\CD28 mAb, but co\stimulated T\cell activation in the presence of anti\CD28 mAb. (technuc.com)
Thus, in the presence of CD80+ cells, blockade of relationships between CD80 and CTLA\4 enhances polyclonal T\cell reactions. (technuc.com)
Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13, which are canonical type 2 cytokines produced by TH2 cells, prominently mediate the development of asthma and airway inflammation, manifesting as enhanced IgE-mediated sensitization, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), as well as eosinophil infiltration (1, 10). (hostforstudent.com)
What does CTLA-4 do in T cells? (hostforstudent.com)
When CTLA-4 is bound to another protein called B7, it helps keep T cells from killing other cells, including cancer cells. (hostforstudent.com)
CTLA-4 is a negative regulatory molecule expressed by activated T cells as well as by negative regulatory T cells (T REG s). (sanguinebio.com)
Thus, the mechanism of action of Ipilimumab has been presumed to involve releasing anti-tumor effector T cells from CTLA-4-inhibition and/or limiting T REG activity in the tumor and therefore resulting in an increase in the ratio of effector T cells/ T REG s within the tumor. (sanguinebio.com)
1 PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (programmed death ligand-1) and PD-L2 (programmed death ligand-2) on antigen-presenting cells to induce anergy in effector T cells. (acc.org)
They are activated on the surface of antigen -presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection. (nih.gov)
Effector T cells act back to promote the expression of B7 proteins on antigen-presenting cells, creating a positive feedback loop that amplifies the T cell response. (nih.gov)

PMA/Ionomycin-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes were stained with anti-human CD4 APC, then fixed, permeabilized and intracellularly stained with anti-CD152 (CTLA-4) (clone L3D10) PE (left) or Mouse IgG1, κ isotype control PE (right). (biolegend.com)
CTLA-4 (CD152) is similar to CD28 in amino acid sequence, structure, and genomic organization. (biolegend.com)
CD80, also known as B7-1, is a ligand for the T cell receptors CD28 and CTLA-4 (CD152). (cytekbio.com)

The crystal structure of the extracellular region of B7-1 (sB7-1), solved to 3 Angstrom resolution, consists of a novel combination of two Ig-like domains, one characteristic of adhesion molecules and the other previously seen only in antigen receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
Thus differential affinities of IgG subclasses to functionally different Fcg receptors are thought to mediate the variation in clinical effectiveness of different antibodies targeting the same antigen. (sanguinebio.com)

Injecting CTLA-4 blocking antibody in a slow-release formulation close to the tumor is an effective way of activating the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)
By destroying readily accessible tumors, ablative therapies make tumor antigens available as an in-situ cancer vaccine which can lead to the initiation of a systemic antitumor immune response that can affect and potentially eliminate occult, metastatic tumors [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor-associated T REGS expressedhigher levels of CTLA-4 than their effector T cell counterparts, or than T REGS present in the lymph node, indicating that higher CTLA-4 expression levels mediate ADCC via macrophages in the tumor. (sanguinebio.com)

B7-H2, best known as the ligand of inducible co-stimulator, belongs to B7-CD28 family. (genscript.jp)
It's a ligand for CD28 and CTLA-4 in human, whereas these interactions are not conserved in mouse. (genscript.jp)

Ipilimumab is an anti-CTLA-4 antibody used for treatment of metastatic melanoma , one of only two cancer immunotherapeutic drugs approved to date by the FDA. (sanguinebio.com)
3,4 A second anti-CTLA-4 antibody, tremelimumab, is currently under investigation. (acc.org)

sCTLA-4 immunoreactivity was inhibited by its binding to B7.1, suggesting that sCTLA-4 is a functional receptor. (biolegend.com)
The basic principles of chimeric antigen receptor design. (msdmanuals.com)
The PD-1 and CTLA-4 are members of the CD28 receptor family. (fapesp.br)

In contrast, contrary interaction of CD80 with CTLA-4 inhibits parts of T-cell effector function. (wikipedia.org)

CTLA-4 belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and displays a strand topology similar to Vα domains, with an unusual mode of dimerization that places the B7 binding sites distal to the dimerization interface. (elsevierpure.com)

The first signal confers specificity to the immune response and plays an essential role in rec‐ognizing antigen presentation by MHC‐II on the surface of APCs. (fdxbhc.com)

This is one mechanism by which a T cell can become tolerant to self antigens. (nih.gov)

Blockade of CTLA-4 by antibodies has potentiated antitumor T-cell responses in both preclinical models and clinical trials. (aacrjournals.org)
However, treatment with CTLA-4 blocking antibodies is associated with autoimmune and inflammatory side effects. (aacrjournals.org)
In this study, we propose a novel administration method for CTLA-4 blocking antibodies as monotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
A laboratory test that uses antibodies to check for certain antigens (markers) in a sample of a patient's tissue. (hoacny.com)
After the antibodies bind to a specific antigen in the tissue sample, the enzyme or dye is activated, and the antigen can then be seen under a microscope. (hoacny.com)

A transcript of the CTLA-4 gene that may represent a native soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) showed that eleven of twenty patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) had a high concentration of sCTLA-4, whereas only 1 of 30 apparently healthy volunteers contained measurable levels. (biolegend.com)

In addition, we demonstrate that IRF5 regulates not only CSR, but also antigen specificity. (reninsignaling.com)

Keywords: Melanoma immunotherapy uveitis autoimmunity CTLA-4 antibody ipilimumab Launch The prognosis for stage IV metastatic melanoma is normally poor with 5-calendar year survival prices reported between 6-8%.1-2 Chemotherapy radiation and surgical therapy often employed in combination might result in melanoma regression but is normally rarely curative. (sciencepop.org)

The interaction of CD80 with CD28, together with TCR and MHC interaction, results in activation of nuclear factor‐κB (NF-ⲕB), mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the calcium‐calcineurin pathway. (wikipedia.org)
In the past decade, many clinical trials have been investigating anti-CTLA-4 as well as anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) therapies in various solid tumors, including HCC. (stanford.edu)
Using functional assays, we confirmed allele-specific protein binding and differential enhancer activity for three variants: the CD28-CTLA4 rs117701653 SNP, MEG3 rs34552516 indel, and TNFAIP3 rs35926684 indel. (ox.ac.uk)
CD80 cytoplasmic domain controls localization of CD28, CTLA-4, and protein kinase Ctheta in the immunological synapse. (ox.ac.uk)
In addition, we showed that CD80, CD28, and protein kinase Ctheta colocalized in the presence or absence of the CD80 cytoplasmic tail. (ox.ac.uk)
Upon receiving, this product remains stable for up to 6 months at lower than -70°C. Upon reconstitution, the product should be stable for up to 1 week at 4°C or up to 3 months at -20°C. For long term storage it is recommended that a carrier protein (example 0.1% BSA) be added. (genscript.jp)

Any molecule capable of being recognized by the immune system is considered an antigen. (msdmanuals.com)

Blockade of the CD28-B7 or CD40L-CD40 T cell costimulatory signals prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). (nih.gov)

This organization allows each CTLA-4 dimer to bind two bivalent B7 molecules and suggests that a periodic arrangement of these components within the immunological synapse may contribute to the regulation of T cell responsiveness. (elsevierpure.com)

Interaction of CD80 with CD28 triggers costimulatory signals and results in enhanced and sustained T-cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
this interaction has been ob‐served to have opposing effects depending on the different environmental signals.CTLA‐4 inhibits T‐cell responses and regulates peripheral T‐cell tolerance. (fdxbhc.com)

Neutrophils can also activate macrophages with CD80 via CD28. (wikipedia.org)

Also both human and murine CD80 are able to cross-react with both human and murine CD28. (wikipedia.org)

The expression of B7 proteins on an antigen-presenting cell is induced by pathogens during the innate response to an infection. (nih.gov)

To generate beneficial responses, the immune system should eradicate pathogens while "respecting" the organism and tolerating irrelevant antigens. (frontiersin.org)
If the organism is exposed to these factors during early life, when the maturing immune system is particularly susceptible, damages may be immediate, but can also emerge only late in life ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)

Store undiluted at 4°C. The monoclonal antibody was purified from tissue culture supernatant or ascites by affinity chromatography. (bdbiosciences.com)

At the sametime, CD28 promotes T‐cell activation and survival. (fdxbhc.com)
Dimerization of CTLA-4 is required for the formation of high-avidity complexes with B7 ligands and for transmission of signals that attenuate T cell activation. (elsevierpure.com)
CTLA-4 is an important regulator of the early phase of T cell activation. (acc.org)
In contrast to CTLA-4, signaling through the PD-1 pathway occurs primarily during the late phase of T cell activation. (acc.org)

We determined the crystal structure of the extracellular portion of CTLA-4 to 2.0 angstrom resolution. (elsevierpure.com)

This Phase IIb study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of abatacept plus methotrexate (MTX) over 1 year of double-blind (DB) treatment in patients with RA and an inadequate response to MTX 3 , 4 , and confirmed ~10 mg/kg to be the most effective dose. (jrheum.org)

She was began on ipilimumab in March 2011 and received ipilimumab (3 mg/kg) every 3 weeks for a complete of 4 dosages. (sciencepop.org)

Fig. 4: Anti-CD80 TKMG48 augments PD-1-binding capacities of DCs and suppresses antigen-specific T cell responses in vivo. (nature.com)
While T\cell proliferation in principal civilizations had not been changed in the current presence of soluble anti\CTLA\4 mAb regularly, responses had been significantly improved in supplementary MLR in comparison to isotype\control mAbs (Desk 2). (technuc.com)

CTLA-4 is thought to play a role in the induction and maintenance of immunological tolerance as well as the development of protective immunity and thymocyte regulation. (biolegend.com)

B7-H2 and B7-1 or B7-2 interacts with CD28 through distinctive domains. (genscript.jp)

CTLA-4 Expression Plays a Role in PSC and PBC Progression. (cdc.gov)

Mutations in the CTLA-4 gene have been associated with various autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, and other autoimmune diseases. (biolegend.com)

We use different preclinical mouse models of cancer to investigate the local administration of CTLA-4 blocking antibody and its effect on cancer progression and the antitumor T-cell response. (aacrjournals.org)

The current presence of soluble anti\CTLA\4 mAbs elevated T\cell proliferation weighed against isotype\control mAbs particularly, specifically at times 4C5 Toceranib of lifestyle. (technuc.com)

Anatomy33

Organisms11

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs149

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes36

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

CD8614

Inhibitory10

Cytotoxic11

Cells44

CD1523

Receptors2

Tumor3

Ligand2

Anti-CTLA-4 antibody2

Receptor3

Effector1

Immunoglobulin superfamily1

APCs1

Self antigens1

Antibodies5

Soluble form1

Specificity1

Immunotherapy1

Protein6

Molecule1

Blockade1

Immunological synapse1

Interaction2

Macrophages1

Murine1

Proteins1

Immune2

Monoclonal1

Activation4

Extracellular1

Abatacept1

Ipilimumab1

Responses2

Regulation1

Interacts1

Plays a role1

Autoimmune1

Blocking1

Isotype1