• activated CD4+ T cells primarily exhibit its ligand CD154, antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, macrophages, classical and non-classical monocytes, on a variety of non-immune cells including platelets and endothelial cells, and on several types of tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • While doing the experiments method they used to make an mAbs is now called CD40 which is a surface receptor of B cells which is able to that can be polyclonally activated by a binding ligand. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, many features and purposes of the CD40 signaling pathway in B cells were made determined to the detection of CD40 ligand (CD154) which was determined as a T cell surface molecule which is capable of induction of contact dependent differentiation of B cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Vaccine designed to use a novel-live virus vaccine vector platform BPI3V based on bovine parainfluenza virus and the CD40-ligand, also known as CD154 or 5c8 antigen, to stimulate T cell immunity against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (genengnews.com)
  • Furthermore, interactions of CD40 with its ligand, CD154, are involved in the initiation and effector stages of cell-mediated immune responses. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • HM40-3 mAb has been demonstrated to inhibit the binding of soluble CD154 (gp39, CD40 Ligand) to soluble CD40 and to cell-surface CD40. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD154 has been kown a 39 kD TNF superfamily member also known as CD40 ligand, gp39, T-BAM, TRAP, and Ly-62. (biolegend.com)
  • Signals delivered by the CD40 ligand, CD154, have crucial roles in immune responses in mammals, being required for development of germinal centres, maturation of T-dependent antibody responses, and generation of B-cell memory. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • The ligand of CD40 is CD154 (CD40 ligand). (biolegend.com)
  • The second involves a network of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory molecules pathways such as CD80/CD86-CD28/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)-ICOS ligand (ICOSL), programmed death-1 (PD-1), programme death ligand-1/2 (PD-L1/PD-L2), 4-1BB-4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL), CD40-CD154 ligand, OX40-OX40 ligand and CD27-CD70. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Injection of a lentiviral vector encoding an MHC class I-restricted T cell epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and CD40 ligand induced an antigen-specific cytolytic CD8 + T lymphocyte response that protected the mice from infection. (jci.org)
  • CD154 (CD40 ligand, gp39) binds to CD40 expressed on antigen presenting cells and mediates important costimulatory functions between ≥ ≥ ≥ these cells. (cytekbio.com)
  • The Company's lead compound in development is tegoprubart, an IgG1, an anti-CD40L antibody with a high affinity for CD40 Ligand (CD40L, also called CD154). (webull.com)
  • Binding of CD40 and its natural ligand CD40L (CD154) triggers cytokine secretion, and increased expression of costimulatory molecules is required for T-cell activation and proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BACKGROUND: The CD40-CD154 receptor-ligand pair plays a critical role in allograft rejection by mediating the activation of endothelial cells, antigen-presenting cells, and T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The costimulatory molecule, CD40, upon interaction with its cognate ligand CD154 on T cells, promotes the expression of numerous cytokines/chemokines by the CD40 expressing cells. (grantome.com)
  • CD40 is a member of the TNF receptor family expressed by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and B cells whereas its ligand, CD40L (CD154), is expressed by activated T cells. (adipogen.com)
  • CD95 (Fas, APO-1, TNFRSF6) is a member of the TNF-receptor superfamily and is best known for its role in mediating activation-induced cell death in activated T cells following binding to its ligand, CD95L/FasL induced on antigen-presenting cells (APCs). (sanguinebio.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ L'objectif de l'étude était d'évaler l'importance clinique du ligand de CD40 soluble (sCD40L) chez des patients atteints d'un carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) associé au virus de l'hépatite C (VHC). (who.int)
  • CD40 ligand (CD40L or CD154), a type II membrane glycoprotein and a member of the TNF superfamily, is known for its transient expression on activated CD4+ T lymphocytes which is responsible for the helper T cells' function on resting B cells in a non-antigen-dependent as well as non-major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashions. (abbiosciences.com)
  • In addition to its expression on activated T cells, CD40 ligand can be efficiently translocated the surface of activated platelets. (abbiosciences.com)
  • 2. Hsu YM, Lucci J, Su L, Ehrenfels B, Garber E, Thomas D. (1997) Heteromultimeric complexes of CD40 ligand are present on the cell surface of human T lymphocytes. (abbiosciences.com)
  • For the quantification of CD40 ligand (CD40L) in Culture Supernatant, Serum, Plasma (EDTA), Plasma (Heparin). (biosensis.com)
  • Scientific Background CD40L is the ligand for CD40, a member of the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily. (biosensis.com)
  • The CD40 ligand (CD40L) CD154 is a glycoprotein that is transiently expressed at high levels on the surface of CD4+ T cells when they are activated (2, 30, 39, 51, 53). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Its ligand, CD154 or CD40L, has a more restricted expression pattern and is found primarily on activated T cells, B cells, and platelets. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD40 ligand (CD40L, CD154) induces apoptosis of tumor cells and triggers several DZNeP research buy immune mechanisms, including a T-helper type 1 (T(H)1) response, which leads to activation of cytotoxic T cells and reduction of immunosuppression. (mek-inhibitors.com)
  • Structure of CD40 Ligand in Complex with the Fab Fragment of a Neutralizing Humanized Antibody Structure. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • Most cases are X-linked and caused by mutations in a gene on the X chromosome that encodes a protein (CD154, or CD40 ligand) on the surfaces of activated helper T cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the presence of cytokines, normal CD40 ligand interacts with B cells and thus signals them to switch from producing IgM to producing IgA, IgG, or IgE. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome, T cells lack functional CD40 ligand and cannot signal B cells to switch. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Host immunity to CMV can be measured with CMV-specific T-cells, which express CD40 ligand or CD154(CD154+T-cells). (plexision.com)
  • CD154) is a transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of activated T cells, particularly on CD4 T cells, which stimulates CD40-dependent activation of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), resulting in enhancement of T cell and antibody responses. (biospace.com)
  • The HM40-3 antibody reacts with CD40, a 40-50-kDa glycoprotein expressed on B lymphocytes and other antigen-presenting cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The invention relates to methods of modulating the antigen-binding affinity of an antibody by determining, using data corresponding to the structure of a complex between the antibody and an antigen in a solvent, a representation of a charge distribution of the CDRs of the antibody which minimizes electrostatic contribution to binding free energy between the antibody and the antigen in a solvent. (justia.com)
  • Guided by these determinations, the antibody is accordingly modified (altered) to improve upon, e.g., antibody/antigen binding by modifying at least one amino acid residue to decrease the binding free energy between the antibody and antigen when bound in a solvent. (justia.com)
  • Researchers hoped that such antibodies would be no more foreign to the human body than a genuine human antibody, but the utility of such antibodies has been restricted, at least in some cases, by a reduction in the antibody's affinity for the antigen. (justia.com)
  • The HB14 antibody has been reported to promote B cell proliferation in the presence of anti-IgM, IL-4 or PMA, partially block CD40 binding to CD40L and rescue B cells from apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • To characterize the binding specificity and epitope of FG-10A3, we generated mAb-resistant rcVSV-S virions and performed structural analysis of the antibody/antigen complex using cryo-EM. (bvsalud.org)
  • The MR1 antibody is specific for mouse CD154, a 39 kD glycoprotein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells. (cytekbio.com)
  • The MR1 antibody is reported to block interaction of CD154 with CD40. (cytekbio.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine whether anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody (mAb) in combination with interleukin (IL)-2 could improve the efficacy of in vitro-activated T cells to enhance antitumor activity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • METHODS: BALB/c (H2d) aortic grafts were transplanted into C57BL/6 (H2b) recipients treated with anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody in the presence or absence of CD8+ T-cell depletion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Several studies show that usage of the agonistic anti-CD40 antibody (FGK45) (Prod. (adipogen.com)
  • or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity. (umassmed.edu)
  • Studies investigating pretransplant donor-specific blood transfusion, rapamycin, and the CD154-specific antibody IDEC-131 in a nonhuman primate model of skin allotransplantation. (umassmed.edu)
  • This detection antibody binds to the antigen thus completing the sandwich. (biosensis.com)
  • Monoclonal antibodies against CD40, conjugated to antigen, act as potent immunological adjuvants for primary antibody responses. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • We show here that CD40mAbs can also act as strong adjuvants for memory antibody responses, and for T cell responses as measured by ex vivo T cell proliferation to antigen, and delayed type hypersensitivity. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • The same antibody molecule can cross-react with related antigens if their epitopes are similar enough to those of the original antigen. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The structure of ABBV-323 Fab demonstrates a unique method for antagonism by stabilizing the proposed functional antiparallel dimer for CD40 receptor via novel contacts to LCDR1, namely residue position R32 which is further supported by a closely related agonist antibody FAB516 which shows only monomeric recognition and no contacts with LCDR1 due to a mutation to L32 on LCDR1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The antibody neutralises CD40L function, as it blocks the interaction between CD40 and CD40L. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • If an activated T cell recognizes the peptide presented by the B cell, the CD40L on the T cell binds to the B cell's CD40 receptor, causing B cell activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD40L is primarily expressed on activated CD4+ T cells, platelets, and endothelial cells while the CD40 receptor is constitutively expressed on antigen-presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, as well as B cells. (webull.com)
  • CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, is broadly expressed on antigen-presenting cells and other cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Mice bearing B16 melanoma tumors expressing the gp100 tumor antigen were treated with cultured, activated T cells transgenic for a T-cell receptor specifically recognizing gp100, with or without anti-CD40 mAb. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Interaction of CD40L with its receptor CD40 induces proliferation of and isotype switching in B lymphocytes. (abbiosciences.com)
  • CD40L is produced as homotrimeric membrane anchored protein each of the three membrane proximal stalk regions can be sequentially proteolyzed to generate the soluble trimeric protein which retains full binding activity to its receptor, CD40. (abbiosciences.com)
  • CD40L is a member of the tumor necrosis factor family (2) and binds to CD40, a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family (60). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The other stimulation transmission was CpG which activates cells via the TLR9 receptor present on many types of cells but primarily on antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages DC and B cells and can induce IL-10 expression as well. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • Engagement of CD40 by CD40L results in the recruitment of TNF receptor associated factors (TRAFs) to the cytoplasmic domain of CD40 [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Efficient recognition of foreign pathogens by T cells requires adhesive interactions between T cells and other cell types, such as endothelial cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and with components of the extracellular matrix. (scielo.br)
  • discuss the role of integrins in T cell- mediated immunity, with a focus on how these receptors participate in lymphocyte recirculation and T cell activation, how antigen stimulation regulates integrin activity, and how integrins define functionally unique subsets of T cells and APCs. (scielo.br)
  • CD40 activation tools can be used to expand B cells, which, as antigen-presenting cells (APCs), are as effective as dendritic cells and promises to streamline the generation of antitumor CD8+ T cells. (adipogen.com)
  • Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4 + T cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Accordingly, there remains a need for antibodies that do not provoke a strong immune response but yet bind strongly to their antigens and methods for identifying such antibodies. (justia.com)
  • To determine whether these functions were conserved in a non-mammalian species, a putative chicken CD154 cDNA was used to make an oligomeric fusion protein, and to raise monoclonal antibodies. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • However, to our knowledge, the use of agonistic antibodies to CD40 to boost adoptively transferred T cells in vivo has not been investigated. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Subunit, DNA and vectored vaccine candidates have been developed using this glycoprotein as the primary antigen, demonstrating that gD has the capacity to induce robust virus neutralizing antibodies and strong cell-mediated immune responses, as well as protection from clinical symptoms, in target species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Antibodies recognize specific configurations (epitopes, or antigenic determinants) on the surfaces of antigens (eg, proteins, polysaccharides, nucleic acids). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Antibodies and antigens fit tightly together because their shape and other surface properties (eg, charge) are complementary. (msdmanuals.com)
  • These three crystals structures 1) identify the conformational CD40 epitope for ABBV-323 recognition 2) illustrate conformational changes which occur in the CDRs of ABBV-323 Fab upon CD40 binding and 3) develop a structural hypothesis for an agonist/antagonist switch in the LCDR1 of this proprietary class of CD40 antibodies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Vaccination with LTS220A-UNITE (ITI-3000) induced antigen-specific CD4 Th1 cells that was associated with delayed tumor growth and enhanced survival in treated mice in both the prophylactic and therapeutic settings. (biospace.com)
  • Cluster of differentiation 40, CD40 is a type I transmembrane protein found on antigen-presenting cells and is required for their activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The binding of CD154 (CD40L) on TH cells to CD40 activates antigen presenting cells and induces a variety of downstream effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • The B cell can present antigens to helper T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD40 is constitutively expressed by antigen presenting cells, including dendritic cells, B cells and macrophages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Consistent with its widespread expression on normal cells, CD40 is also expressed on a wide range of tumor cells, including non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphomas, myeloma and some carcinomas including nasopharynx, bladder, cervix, kidney and ovary. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD40 also interacts with CD40L, due to the role of CD40 in stimulating immune synapses when this interaction happens with CD40L activates dendritic cells to activate antigen specific T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • MCPyV integrates into the host genome, resulting in expression of a truncated form of the viral large T antigen (LT) in infected cells, and makes LT an attractive target for therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biospace.com)
  • To activate antigen-specific CD4 T cells in vivo, the investigators utilized the nucleic acid vaccine platform, UNITE (UNiversal Intracellular Targeted Expression), which fuses a tumor-associated antigen with lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). (biospace.com)
  • The authors also argue that memory B and T cell responses are long-lived in the absence of antigen, but they are modulated and influenced by other infections and that memory B and T cells can either provide protective immunity or contribute to immunopathology on infection with homologous or heterologous viruses. (scielo.br)
  • Two-color analysis of the expression of CD40 on mouse and rat spleen cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD40 may be involved in the triggering of NK cells and NK-T cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Enriched BALB/c mouse splenic T cells were stimulated with PMA plus ionomycin for 6 hours and then stained with mouse CD154 (CD40L) (clone SA047C3) FITC (flled histogram) or rat IgG2a FITC isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)
  • CD40 has been reported to be involved in B cell differentiation, costimulation, isotype class-switching, and protection of B cells from apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • In this study, we tested whether preventative and therapeutic vaccination could be achieved by direct injection of antigen-expressing lentiviral vector, obviating the need for ex vivo transduction of dendritic cells. (jci.org)
  • Signals generated via cognate interactions between ≥ ≥ ≥ CD154-CD40 on activated T and B cells are required for T-dependent B cell responses. (cytekbio.com)
  • In this model, the combination of anti-CD40 mAb with IL-2 led to expansion of adoptively transferred T cells and induced a more robust antitumor response. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Furthermore, the expression of CD40 on bone marrow-derived cells and the presence of CD80/CD86 in the host were required for the expansion of adoptively transferred T cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The use of neutralizing mAb to IL-12 provided direct evidence that enhanced IL-12 secretion induced by anti-CD40 mAb was crucial for the expansion of adoptively transferred T cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • CD8+ T cells contribute to the development of transplant arteriosclerosis despite CD154 blockade. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we have used a model of transplant arteriosclerosis to investigate whether CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are differentially affected by CD154 blockade. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Our data provide direct evidence that CD8+ T cells are not targeted effectively by CD154 blockade and that the transplant arteriosclerosis seen after CD154 blockade is not due to recent thymic emigrant T cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Class II MHC antigens regulate the immune response by presenting antigen to CD4+ T cells, leading to their activation. (grantome.com)
  • In the inflamed CNS, class II MHC and CD40 molecules are aberrantly expressed by microglia and macrophages, allowing them to function as antigen presenting cells. (grantome.com)
  • Lastly, the ability of SOCS proteins to modulate IFNgamma-induction of class II MHC and CD40 in microglia/macrophages will be tested by stable transfection of SOCS-1 and SOCS-3 proteins in these cells (AIM3). (grantome.com)
  • Help to go: T cells transfer CD40L to antigen-presenting B cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Interaction between CD40-CD40L stimulates cytokines secretion of B cells with subsequent T cell activation and antitumor immunity. (adipogen.com)
  • It is possible that the adjuvant effects of CD40 are mediated at least in part, indirectly, through enhanced antigen presentation by specific B cells, to T cells. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • The latter is expressed on a variety of cell types with antigen-presenting cell function, including B cells, dendritic cells, activated macrophages, follicular dendritic cells, and endothelial cells (reviewed in reference 66). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The Kaempferol inhibitor fact that CD40L and CD40 are expressed in a tightly controlled fashion on T cells and on many different cell populations with which they interact suggests that CD40L-CD40 interactions are probably involved in the regulation of a number of aspects of the immune response. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • CD40L-CD40 interactions were originally shown to play a key role in thymus-dependent humoral immune responses, mediating cognate interactions between CD4+ T cells and B cells that are essential for B-cell activation and differentiation, class switching, germinal center formation, and the generation of B-cell memory (reviewed in references 21 and 31). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • A current model for the role of this system argues that CD40L is upregulated upon activation of CD4+ T cells following recognition of antigen presented by dendritic cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Further, CD40 is also expressed on thymic antigen-presenting cells (19), and it has been demonstrated that CD40-CD40L interactions play an essential role in negative selection in the thymus Kaempferol inhibitor (18). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Here too, they likely act by regulating Kaempferol inhibitor costimulatory activity on antigen-presenting cells. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • B cells The immune system consists of cellular components and molecular components that work together to destroy antigens. (msdmanuals.com)
  • and, in response to antigen, are subsequently secreted by plasma cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • infections IL-10 from effector Th1 cells is necessary for suppression of inflammatory responses during acute BMS-582664 contamination whereas IL-10- generating antigen-specific Foxp3+ CD4+ T cells (T regs) suppress the clearance of the parasite by the effector CD4+ T cells [9 10 Additionally the molecular mechanism for the upregulation of IL-10 differs among cell types. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is constitutively expressed on hematopoietic cells such as dendritic cells, macrophages, and B cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Engagement of CD40 by CD40L expressed on T cells results in the production of proinflammatory cytokines, induces T helper cell function, and promotes macrophage activation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CD40 is a 48 kDa type I transmembrane protein that is expressed on a wide range of hematopoietic (B cells, monocytes/macrophages, dendritic cells) and non-hematopoietic (activated epithelium, endothelium) cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Much of our understanding of CD40/CD40L biology comes from the interaction between antigen presenting cells [CD40 expression on either dendritic cells (DC) or B cells] and CD40L-expressing T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cell-cell interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells provide bidirectional signaling that is critical for the activation, maturation, and effector function of both cell types. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In two syngeneic mouse models, murine CD40L induced recruitment and activation of antigen-presenting cells, leading to increased interleukin-12 production in splenocytes. (mek-inhibitors.com)
  • Several studies have shown that adipocytes highly express CD1d, which presents lipid antigens to invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and stimulates the activation of iNKT cells ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, there is no clear evidence that adipocytes interact directly with CD8 + T cells through antigen:MHCI complex. (frontiersin.org)
  • Adipocytes can directly activate CD4 + T cells through antigen:MHCII complex in a contact-dependent manner. (frontiersin.org)
  • Common flow cytometry-based methods used for functional assessment of antigen-specific T cells rely on de novo expression of intracellular cytokines or cell surface activation induced markers. (bvsalud.org)
  • Combinatorial gating of cells expressing activated ß2-integrins and CD137 or CD154 reduced background in unstimulated samples, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and allowing improved assessment of low-frequency T cell responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • T cells recognize antigens presented to them by the major histocompatibility complex of antigen-presenting cells via the TCRs expressed on their surface. (hindawi.com)
  • Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • CD40L then interacts with CD40 on the dendritic cell surface, leading to the induction Kaempferol inhibitor of costimulatory activity mediated by both cell surface molecules and cytokines such as interleukin-12 by the dendritic cell (11, 35). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • The CD40 molecule has a central role in B-cell growth and differentiation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • CD154 is an accessory molecule expressed predominantly on activated CD4 + lymphocytes that bind CD40. (biolegend.com)
  • These observations demonstrated substantial functional equivalence with mammalian CD154 and thus provided evidence for the early evolutionary emergence of the set of functions associated with this molecule, and its central role in the vertebrate immune system. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Roles of T cell-B-cell-activating molecule (5c8 antigen) and CD40 in contact-dependent help. (abbiosciences.com)
  • Conclusions These findings are of prominence as CD3/CD28/CpG treatment can induce the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and IL-30 and the activation or inhibition of the CD40/CD154 functions as molecular rheostat of the expression of IL-10 or IL-30. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • We hypothesize that aberrant CIITA, class II MHC and CD40 expression in microglia/macrophages results in detrimental immunologic activities in the CNS. (grantome.com)
  • CD40 is a 48 kD type I glycoprotein also known as BP50. (biolegend.com)
  • Restricting expression of class II MHC and CD40 molecules in the CNS can be achieved by a new family of proteins termed Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS). (grantome.com)
  • One class of non-self molecules are called antigens (short for anti body gen erators) and are defined as substances that bind to specific immune receptors and elicit an immune response. (wikidoc.org)
  • The adipocyte was reported as an antigen-presenting cell (APC) which expresses CD1d and MHC class I and II molecules. (frontiersin.org)
  • Describes the role of CD40-CD40L interaction in immune responses and pathologies. (absoluteantibody.com)
  • This proprietary lysosomal targeting technology results in enhanced antigen presentation and a balanced T cell response. (biospace.com)
  • CD40 is also expressed on B cell precursors in the bone marrow, and there is some evidence that CD40-CD154 interactions may play a role in the control of B cell haematopoiesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, CD40 is important for T cell-B cell interactions. (biolegend.com)
  • More recently, roles for CD40L-CD40 interactions in the development of other immune effector functions have been described. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • In addition, CD40L-CD40 interactions have been shown to be involved in the initiation of antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell responses (24, 25, 65, 71). (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Despite the advances made recently in understanding the importance of CD40L-CD40 interactions in the activation. (bioskinrevive.com)
  • Each CD40 monomer associated within the CD40L intersubunit groove through variety of polar and hydrophobic interactions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Endogenous synthesis of antigen results in efficient proteolytic peptide processing and presentation of peptide antigen on MHC class I proteins. (jci.org)
  • Here, we outline a novel methodological approach for generating SARS-CoV-2 vaccine using exosome that delivers antigens from the SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins. (bvsalud.org)
  • The gut needs to produce a strong protective immune response to resist the invasion of pathogenic antigens, while similar reactions to harmless antigens such as dietary proteins or symbiotic microorganisms, may lead to chronic inflammatory diseases. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interferon gamma secretion in response to antigen is also enhanced. (westminster.ac.uk)
  • lymphocytes that bind CD40. (biolegend.com)
  • Human peripheral blood lymphocytes stained with CD40 (clone HB14) PE/Cyanine7 (filled histogram) or mouse IgG1, κ PE/Cyanine7 isotype control (open histogram). (biolegend.com)
  • As a result, the macrophage expresses more CD40 and TNF receptors on its surface which helps increase the level of activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Systemic immune activation by CD40 ligation. (adipogen.com)
  • Strikingly the activation of CD40/CD154 signaling is usually a negative regulator of IL-10 levels by CD3/CD28/CpG. (bioerc-iend.org)
  • The involvement of CD40 in chronic immune activation has resulted in CD40 being proposed as a therapeutic target for a range of chronic inflammatory diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The secondary signal is CD40L (CD154) on the Th1 cell which binds CD40 on the macrophage cell surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • This presentation reports results of pre-clinical mouse studies of a cancer vaccine that promotes potent, antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses to MCPγV-LT. The majority of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCC), a rare and highly aggressive type of neuroendocrine skin cancer, are associated with Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) infection. (biospace.com)
  • IFNgamma is the most potent inducer of class II MHC and CD40 expression, and plays a pivotal role in the initiation of intracerebral immune responses. (grantome.com)
  • POTENT anti-CD40 (mouse), mAb (FGK45) (Prod. (adipogen.com)
  • Febrile or phlogistic reactions are thought to be secondary to immune aggregates that fix IgG-aggregate or IgG-antigen complement complexes. (medscape.com)
  • The remaining member of TRAF4 family, namely TRAF4, positively regulates CD40 signalling, but interacts with CD40 indirectly. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD154 plays an important role in T-B cell costimulation and Ig class switching. (biolegend.com)
  • Additional reported applications (for the relevant formats) include: costimulation of B cell proliferation, partial inhibition of CD40 binding to CD40L, and prevention of B cell apoptosis. (biolegend.com)
  • This presentation reports results of preclinical mouse studies on a HER2/Neu-LAMP DNA vaccine that included a bicistronic DNA construct in which both the tumor antigen (HER2) fused with LAMP-1 (lysosomal- associated membrane protein 1) and sCD40L were expressed separately. (biospace.com)
  • Les concentrations sériques de sCD40L circulant et d'interleukine 10 circulante ont été analysées à l'aide de la méthode immuno-enzymatique chez 30 patients positifs pour le VHC avec un CHC, chez 30 patients patients positifs pour le VHC avec une cirrhose du foie, et chez 30 volontaires d'âge correspondant en bonne santé avec des anticorps anti-VHC négatifs servant de groupe témoin. (who.int)
  • Early evidence for these effects were that in CD40 or CD154 deficient mice, there is little class switching or germinal centre formation, and immune responses are severely inhibited. (wikipedia.org)
  • The transfer process and its specificity are both cell contact dependent and antigen dependent. (ox.ac.uk)
  • With knowledge of the initial immune target, early antigen-specific treatments can block continued tissue damage, epitope spreading and clinical disease. (nature.com)
  • Understanding the cellular and molecular basis of epitope spreading in various chronic immune-mediated human diseases and their animal models is crucial to understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases and to the ultimate goal of designing antigen-specific treatments. (nature.com)
  • This method should be useful for epitope discovery projects and for the simultaneous monitoring of low-frequency antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in various physiological situations. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alternatively, the DCs are transduced with a viral vector that expresses the antigen. (jci.org)
  • Engineered EVs can be loaded with viral antigens, thus acting as antigens presenting EVs, eliciting strong and targeted CD8(+) T cell and B cell, offering a unique approach to vaccine development. (bvsalud.org)
  • Appropriate constitutive and inducible expression of class II MHC antigens is essential for normal immune function, while aberrant expression has been correlated with autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. (grantome.com)
  • Several findings indicate that infectious events play a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). At the same time, T-cell autoimmunity to myelin antigens is widely believed to be crucial to the development of MS lesions. (tno.nl)
  • In the early 1960s, following the discovery of the IgG subclasses, certain associations were also recognized between individual subclass deficiencies, decreased ability to respond to certain types of antigens (ie, bacterial polysaccharides), and recurrent infection. (medscape.com)
  • Other antigens cause only weaker reactions, but combinations of several minor antigens can elicit strong rejection responses. (medscape.com)
  • Blockade of CD40-mediated signaling is sufficient for inducing islet but not skin transplantation tolerance. (umassmed.edu)
  • The basis of the experiment was an attempt to produce mouse mAbs against differentiation antigens that could be used to describe the stages of lymphocyte differentiation and the various functional cell subsets. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD40 antagonists are currently being explored for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and several anti-CD40 agonist mAbs have entered clinical development for oncological indications. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To better understand the mode of action of anti-CD40 mAbs, we have determined the x-ray crystal structures of the ABBV-323 (anti-CD40 antagonist, ravagalimab) Fab alone, ABBV-323 Fab complexed to human CD40 and FAB516 (anti-CD40 agonist) complexed to human CD40. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Attempts to disrupt the CD40-CD40L pathway for the treatment of autoimmunity and transplant rejection have been limited due to safety issues linked to the functional properties of specific biologic therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This hamster mAb to a mouse leukocyte antigen has been observed to cross-react with similar populations of Lewis, Sprague-Dawley, and LOU16 rat leukocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)