• Mutations in CCND2 are associated to megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • Mutations in this gene as well as in its related proteins including D-type cyclins, p16(INK4a) and Rb were all found to be associated with tumorigenesis of a variety of cancers. (thermofisher.com)
  • Pediatric cancer retinoblastoma and the formation of other human tumors can be attributed to mutations in the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene(Rb). (affbiotech.com)
  • As the most common malignant tumour of the central nervous system, gliomas (especially glioblastoma) have a very poor prognosis, and treatment efficacy is not ideal even with the application of high-intensity treatment measures of surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor that survives less than 12 months after diagnosis. (researchsquare.com)
  • Glioma is the most common malignant primary brain tumor that develops inside the skull. (researchsquare.com)
  • G1/S-specific cyclin-D2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCND2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) -associated protein which is thought to negatively regulate CDK2 activity by sequestering monomeric CDK2, and targeting CDK2 for proteolysis. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
  • During G1, cyclin D-dependent kinase-mediated phosphorylation of Rb at Ser-795 marks the conversion of Rb from a transcriptionally repressive, hypophosphorylated state to an inactive, phosphorylated state, which may be sustained through mitosis by differential phosphorylation of up to 16 putative serine or threonine residues. (affbiotech.com)
  • Briefly, miRNAs are expected to account for 1-5% of the human genome and to interfere with at least 30% of the protein-coding genes ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Random set analysis was used to identify biological pathways enriched for genes differentially regulated in tumors (compared with 59 samples of normal mucosa). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aberrant DNA methylation of promoter region CpG islands is an alternative mechanism that leads to genetic defects in the inactivation of tumor suppressor genes during myelomagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Scaffoldattachment factors are a specific subset of nuclear matrix proteins (NMP) that specifically bind toS/MAR. The encoded protein is thought to serve as a molecular base to assemble atranscriptosome complex in the vicinity of actively transcribed genes. (immune-source.com)
  • We aimed to determine the signaling pathway regulating cell metabolism and the mechanism related to the regulation of human tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in gastric cancer (GC). (cancerindex.org)
  • Our objective was to determine if CDK2AP1 mRNA expression levels were consistent with tumour-suppressive functions in breast cancer. (cancerindex.org)
  • We also summarize the connections between m7G modifications and cancer development, drug resistance, and tumor microenvironment as well as we discuss the research's future directions and trends. (beds.ac.uk)
  • Significantly, HuR degradation reverses the tumour-promoting properties of cancer cells in vivo by altering the HuR-regulated proteome, highlighting the benefit of HuR degradation and paving the way for the development of HuR-degrading therapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
  • There were no significant associations between CDK2AP1 expression and estrogen receptor status, tumour grade and tumour type. (cancerindex.org)
  • It is involved in theregulation of heat shock protein 27 transcription, can act as an estrogen receptor co-repressorand is a candidate for breast tumorigenesis. (immune-source.com)
  • Analyzing preinvasive tumors of different sizes can therefore shed light on the sequence of these alterations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The amino acid sequences of STAT5 alpha and STAT5 beta show 96% sequence similarity, and both proteins are co expressed in most tissues in virgin and lactating mice. (thermofisher.com)
  • Background Loss of function of fumarate hydratase (FH), the mitochondrial tumor suppressor and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzyme, is associated with a highly malignant form of papillary and collecting duct renal cell malignancy. (immune-source.com)
  • AHR hinders the shuttling of human antigen R (ELAVL1) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it stabilises its target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and enhances protein expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • This conversion is promoted by the double inhibition (i.e., 2i) of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Map2k), antagonizing Fgf signaling, and of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (Gsk3), stimulating the Wnt pathway. (bioone.org)
  • CDK4 is a member of the Ser/Thr protein kinase family. (thermofisher.com)
  • This kinase was shown to be responsible for the phosphorylation of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb). (thermofisher.com)
  • This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
  • This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • Of the 880 canonical pathways we investigated, 112 displayed significant tumor-related upregulation or downregulation at one or more stages of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • S transition in the cell cycle, upregulated expression of tumor-promoting microenvironmental factors, and profound dysregulation of metabolic pathways (e.g., increased aerobic glycolysis, downregulation of pathways that metabolize drugs and xenobiotics). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exploring the origin and development mechanisms of tumour cells from the perspective of tumour biogenesis has always been a hotspot in the field of glioma research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This antibody recognizes the STAT5a protein from a variety of species including human, mouse, and rat and it reacts specifically with the STAT5a protein and does not exhibit any cross-reactivity with the highly related STAT5b protein. (thermofisher.com)
  • This protein is thought to be involved inattaching the base of chromatin loops to the nuclear matrix but there is conflicting evidence as towhether this protein is a component of chromatin or a nuclear matrix protein. (immune-source.com)
  • Macrophages are essential inflammatory cells which regulate the features of immune reactions within tumors. (cancerindex.org)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The mouse counterpart of STAT5 alpha is found to induce the expression of BCL2L1/BCL-X(L), which suggests the antiapoptotic function of this protein in cells. (thermofisher.com)
  • The Wnt signaling pathway creates a complex network of proteins that have different effects on cells, so they can be involved in many cancers, including gliomas. (researchsquare.com)
  • The Wnt signaling pathway creates a complex network of proteins that have different effects on cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • These observations have broader implications for degrading intractable therapeutic targets, with bioPROTACs presenting a unique opportunity to explore targeted-protein degradation through a modular approach. (bvsalud.org)
  • In contrast, the activation of disheveled (Dvl) protein, which breaks down the degradation complex, results in β-catenin dephosphorylation and can be transferred to the nucleus. (researchsquare.com)
  • We used a molecular pathway-based approach to analyze transcriptomic profiles of 59 colorectal tumors representing early and late preinvasive stages and the invasive stage of tumorigenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • High level expression of this gene was observed in ovarian and testicular tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tumor-infiltrated macrophages were isolated from human GC tissues using magnetic beads, gene transcription was determined by real-time PCR, protein expression was monitored using western blots, metabolites were determined using HPLC, and transcriptional regulation was analyzed by the luciferase-based reporter gene system. (cancerindex.org)
  • HuR deletion led to mitochondrial impairment by decreasing the levels of several mitochondrial-associated proteins including prohibitin 1 (PHB1) in the intestinal epithelium, whereas HuR enhanced PHB1 expression by preventing microRNA-195 binding to the Phb1 mRNA. (bvsalud.org)
  • The RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) is a well-established regulator of gene expression at the posttranscriptional level. (bvsalud.org)
  • And the LEF / TCF family transcription factor, along with other proteins, binds to DNA and inhibits gene expression. (researchsquare.com)
  • Western blot analysis of STAT5 alpha was performed by loading 20 µg of NIH/3T3 (lane1), A431 (lane2), K562 (lane3) and Ramos (lane4) cell lysate using Novex® NuPAGE® 4-12 % Bis-Tris gel (Product # NP0321BOX), XCell SureLock™ Electrophoresis System (Product # EI0002), Novex® Sharp Pre-Stained Protein Standard (LC5800), and iBlot® Dry Blotting System (IB21001). (thermofisher.com)
  • Human antigen R (HuR) is a ubiquitously expressed RNA-binding protein, which functions as an RNA regulator. (bvsalud.org)
  • the relevance of HIF as a tumor driver offers been recently challenged by the statement that the genetic ablation 607742-69-8 supplier of HIF in Fh1-deficient mice did not abolish cyst formation but, on the in contrast, exacerbated this phenotype [8]. (immune-source.com)
  • fumarate was found to covalently improve cysteine residues of Keap1, the bad regulator of the transcription element Nrf2, suggesting a part for a deregulated antioxidant response in the formation of FH-deficient tumors [8,9]. (immune-source.com)
  • Together, the data support a tumor suppressor role for miR-29 and provide a rationale for the use of synthetic miR-29b oligonucleotides as a novel strategy to improve treatment response in AML. (ashpublications.org)
  • WB: For western blot detection of denatured protein samples. (affbiotech.com)
  • The first miRNA was discovered in 1993 by Lee, Freinbaum and Ambros ( 6 , 7 ), and since then an increasing load of literature data have pointed that they can act as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes ( 1 - 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • This protein is highly similar to the gene products of S. cerevisiae cdc28 and S. pombe cdc2. (thermofisher.com)
  • Here, we show that control of PC function by RNA-binding protein HuR via mitochondria affects intestinal mucosal growth by altering ISC activity. (bvsalud.org)