CCL3ReceptorsLigandCCL5GenesChemotaxisCytokines and chemokinesProduced and secretedHomeostatic chemokinesEndothelial CellsEosinophilsMonocytesEotaxinChemoattractantMRNA expressionConstitutivelyCCL17CCR5ProteinsPlateletCysteinesDENDRITIC CELLSInflammatoryLYMPHOCYTESCellsInnateCX3CL1GeneBindMobilizationBiological processesConcentrationLevelsFunctions
CCL32
- APOBEC3F apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3F: Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
- BST2 bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (Tetherin): Candida albicans enhanced the production of the CCR5-interacting chemokines CCL3, CCL4, and CCL5, and stimulates the production of interferon-a and the restriction factors APOBEC3G, APOBEC3F, and tetherin (BST2) in macrophages Rodriguez et al, 2013 . (polygenicpathways.co.uk)
Receptors17
- Chemokines have been classified into four main subfamilies: CXC, CC, CX3C and C. All of these proteins exert their biological effects by interacting with G protein-linked transmembrane receptors called chemokine receptors, that are selectively found on the surfaces of their target cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Among other homeostatic chemokine receptors include: CCR9, CCR10, and CXCR5, which are important as part of the cell addresses for tissue-specific homing of leukocytes. (wikipedia.org)
- The chemokine signal is transduced by chemokine receptors (G-protein coupled receptors) expressed on the immune cells. (genome.jp)
- A CC-type chemokine with specificity for CCR10 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC-type chemokine that is found at high levels in the THYMUS and has specificity for CCR4 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- Like the CHEMOKINES themselves, the receptors can be divided into at least three structural branches: CR, CCR, and CXCR, according to variations in a shared cysteine motif. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC chemokine with specificity for CCR1 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL27. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for a broad variety of CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
- Chemokine CCL8 has specificity for CCR3 RECEPTORS and CCR5 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- Chemokine receptors that are specific for CC CHEMOKINES. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL2 and several other CCL2-related chemokines. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC-type chemokine that is specific for CCR3 RECEPTORS. (lookformedical.com)
- CCR receptors with specificity for CHEMOKINE CCL19 and CHEMOKINE CCL21. (lookformedical.com)
- Chemokines receptors are seven transmembrane spanning G protein-coupled receptors that allow cells to migrate towards increasing chemokine gradients. (biolegend.com)
- Specific chemokine receptors are often required to gain entry (or exit) from certain organs and tissues like the thymus and bone marrow. (biolegend.com)
- In previous studies, expression levels of several chemokine and chemokine receptors have been examined in patients with BD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Ligand3
- The chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the CXC chemokine family that was previously called GRO1 oncogene, GROα, KC, neutrophil-activating protein 3 (NAP-3) and melanoma growth stimulating activity, alpha (MGSA-α). (wikidoc.org)
- Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR3 which triggers Ca(2+) mobilization in eosinophils. (cusabio.com)
- Also acts as a ligand for CX3C chemokine receptor CX3CR1, inducing cell chemotaxis. (cusabio.com)
CCL51
- This receptor binds and responds to a variety of chemokines, including eotaxin (CCL11), eotaxin-3 (CCL26), MCP-3 (CCL7), MCP-4 (CCL13), and RANTES (CCL5). (cancerindex.org)
Genes5
- [8] The gene for CXCL1 is located on human chromosome 4 amongst genes for other CXC chemokines. (wikidoc.org)
- This gene and seven other chemokine receptor genes form a chemokine receptor gene cluster on the chromosomal region 3p21. (cancerindex.org)
- This chemokine is encoded by multiple genes. (lookformedical.com)
- To identify participation of chemokines in BD pathogenesis, we examined genetic variants of several chemokine and chemokine receptor genes. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
- Our findings indicate an association between genetic variants of certain chemokine and chemokine receptor (especially MCP-1) genes and BD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Chemotaxis5
- In addition to being known for mediating chemotaxis, chemokines are all approximately 8-10 kilodaltons in mass and have four cysteine residues in conserved locations that are key to forming their 3-dimensional shape. (wikipedia.org)
- Chemokines are a class of cytokines that induce chemotaxis (migration) of target cells. (biolegend.com)
- While some chemotaxis is induced by inflammation or damaged cells, other chemokines function in homeostasis. (biolegend.com)
- In addition, secreted cytokine and chemokine proteins were assayed by standard ELISA, and chemotaxis of PBMC was assessed using a two-chamber assay system. (biomedcentral.com)
- Despite their well-known involvement in neuroimmunologic processes, the pathogenic significance of chemokines, which are small signaling proteins with the ability to induce chemotaxis, has been relatively understudied in BD as compared with other immune system components. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Cytokines and chemokines2
- Once at the site of injury, immune cells can react by releasing additional cytokines and chemokines, bringing more cells into the fold. (biolegend.com)
- A membrane-based antibody array for the parallel determination of the relative levels of selected mouse cytokines and chemokines. (rndsystems.com)
Produced and secreted1
- These are known as homeostatic chemokines and are produced and secreted without any need to stimulate their source cells. (wikipedia.org)
Homeostatic chemokines3
- Basal: homeostatic chemokines are basal produced in the thymus and lymphoid tissues. (wikipedia.org)
- Homeostatic chemokines are constitutively expressed in particular organs or tissues. (biolegend.com)
- Due to their function of targeting cells to specific organs, homeostatic chemokines can also be involved in cancer and metastasis. (biolegend.com)
Endothelial Cells1
- Their homeostatic function in homing is best exemplified by the chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 (expressed within lymph nodes and on lymphatic endothelial cells) and their receptor CCR7 (expressed on cells destined for homing in cells to these organs). (wikipedia.org)
Eosinophils1
- Group of chemokines with adjacent cysteines that are chemoattractants for lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils but not neutrophils. (lookformedical.com)
Monocytes6
- Inflammatory chemokines function mainly as chemoattractants for leukocytes, recruiting monocytes, neutrophils and other effector cells from the blood to sites of infection or tissue damage. (wikipedia.org)
- PF4 is chemotactic for neutrophils , fibroblasts and monocytes , and interacts with a splice variant of the chemokine receptor CXCR3 , known as CXCR3B. (wikidoc.org)
- A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. (lookformedical.com)
- A CC-type chemokine secreted by activated MONOCYTES and T-LYMPHOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
- A CXC chemokine that is chemotactic for T-LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES. (lookformedical.com)
- This product is a secreted-type chemokine and exhibits cell migration activity to NK cells, T cells and monocytes. (fujifilm.com)
Eotaxin1
- Among several homing chemokines, an antibody array revealed that expression of eotaxin-3 (but not eotxin-1 and -2) was highly enhanced in MSCs treated with PC-3-conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
Chemoattractant2
- The major role of chemokines is to act as a chemoattractant to guide the migration of cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Chemokines are small chemoattractant peptides that provide directional cues for the cell trafficking and thus are vital for protective host response. (genome.jp)
MRNA expression2
- Changes in ST mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were assessed by immunoblotting and mRNA expression levels of selected cytokine and chemokines in primary ST bound by iRBC were determined using real-time, reverse transcription PCR. (biomedcentral.com)
- Among the results was evidence that there was differential chemokine mRNA expression by the papilloma tissues, which suggested that the virus might be able to polarize the patients' innate immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Constitutively1
- Chemokines are functionally divided into two groups: Homeostatic: are constitutively produced in certain tissues and are responsible for basal leukocyte migration. (wikipedia.org)
CCL171
- In this study, we have characterized the T H 2-like chemokine profile (CCL17, CCL18, CCL20, CCL22) in patients with RRP and asked whether it was modulated in patients who had achieved significant clinical improvement. (biomedcentral.com)
CCR51
- In addition, TLR3 activation elicited the expression of the HIV entry coreceptor CCR5 ligands (CC chemokines) in iMg. (bvsalud.org)
Proteins3
- Chemokines (from Ancient Greek χῠμείᾱ (khumeíā) 'alchemy', and κῑ́νησῐς (kī́nēsis) 'movement'), or chemotactic cytokines, are a family of small cytokines or signaling proteins secreted by cells that induce directional movement of leukocytes, as well as other cell types, including endothelial and epithelial cells. (wikipedia.org)
- Cytokine proteins are classified as chemokines according to behavior and structural characteristics. (wikipedia.org)
- Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
Platelet1
- This chemokine is released from alpha-granules of activated platelets during platelet aggregation, and promotes blood coagulation by moderating the effects of heparin -like molecules. (wikidoc.org)
Cysteines3
- Chemokines contain several (usually four) cysteines in conserved positions. (biolegend.com)
- These cysteines provide tertiary structure for the chemokine through disulfide bonds. (biolegend.com)
- The spacing between the first two cysteines determines the type of chemokine. (biolegend.com)
DENDRITIC CELLS1
- This chemokine attracts naive T lymphocytes toward dendritic cells and activated macrophages in lymph nodes. (antikoerper-online.de)
Inflammatory10
- Some chemokines are considered pro-inflammatory and can be induced during an immune response to recruit cells of the immune system to a site of infection, while others are considered homeostatic and are involved in controlling the migration of cells during normal processes of tissue maintenance or development. (wikipedia.org)
- Other chemokines are inflammatory and are released from a wide variety of cells in response to bacterial infection, viruses and agents that cause physical damage such as silica or the urate crystals that occur in gout. (wikipedia.org)
- Certain inflammatory chemokines activate cells to initiate an immune response or promote wound healing. (wikipedia.org)
- for example, CCL20 can act also as pro-inflammatory chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
- The main function of chemokines is to manage the migration of leukocytes (homing) in the respective anatomical locations in inflammatory and homeostatic processes. (wikipedia.org)
- Cell surface glycoproteins that bind to chemokines and thus mediate the migration of pro-inflammatory molecules. (lookformedical.com)
- These chemokines also have a more diverse range of functions compared to inflammatory chemokines. (biolegend.com)
- In the event of infection, injury, or tissue damage, inflammatory chemokines are often released to address the problem. (biolegend.com)
- Many inflammatory chemokines attract a wide variety of cells in both the innate and adaptive arms of immunity. (biolegend.com)
- Upon sensing the inflammatory chemokine, cells will extravasate from the blood vessel and follow the gradient to its source. (biolegend.com)
LYMPHOCYTES1
- Some chemokines control cells of the immune system during processes of immune surveillance, such as directing lymphocytes to the lymph nodes so they can screen for invasion of pathogens by interacting with antigen-presenting cells residing in these tissues. (wikipedia.org)
Cells3
- Cells that are attracted by chemokines follow a signal of increasing chemokine concentration towards the source of the chemokine. (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, chemokines regulate plethora of biological processes of hematopoietic cells to lead cellular activation, differentiation and survival. (genome.jp)
- Attracted cells move toward areas of higher concentrations of the chemokine. (biolegend.com)
Innate1
- PGE 2 can bias the adaptive immune response away from an effective T H 1-like pattern ( 16 ), and can enhance expression of T H 2-like chemokines by innate immunocytes ( 16 , 17 ). (biomedcentral.com)
CX3CL11
- This is a chemokine with CXXXC motif and also called CX3CL1. (fujifilm.com)
Gene2
- The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
- 1 By contrast, potential associations between chemokine and chemokine receptor polymorphisms and BD have been fundamen tally understudied and only MCP-1 gene polymorphisms have been investigated in patients with BD. (psychiatryinvestigation.org)
Bind1
- Use this table to quickly identify the chemokines that bind to each receptor. (biolegend.com)
Mobilization1
- Induction of nitric oxide and production of reactive oxygen species are as well regulated by chemokine signal via calcium mobilization and diacylglycerol production. (genome.jp)
Biological processes1
- In addition to playing a major role in the activation of host immune responses, chemokines are important for biological processes, including morphogenesis and wound healing, as well as in the pathogenesis of diseases like cancers. (wikipedia.org)
Concentration1
- Chemokines work through concentration gradients. (biolegend.com)
Levels1
- We investigated the homing-related chemokine expression levels of MSCs treated with a prostate cancer cell line (PC-3) -conditioned medium. (cancerindex.org)
Functions1
- It takes two forms, membrane binding type and secreted type, in the body and functions not only as a chemokine but also as a cell adhesion molecule. (fujifilm.com)