Cause of acute liver injury. Medical search. Frequent questions

Acetaminophen (APAP) poisoning is one of the leading causes of acute hepatic failure and liver transplantation is often the only lifesaving alternative. (mdpi.com)
A combination of these findings is what defines ALF, which carries a poor prognosis without treatment and liver transplantation in some cases. (medscape.com)
The only curative treatment for acute liver failure is liver transplantation, but there are many restrictions on the application of liver transplantation. (springer.com)
The aims of this article are to review the current knowledge regarding therapeutic mechanisms of mesenchymal stem cells in acute liver failure, to discuss recent advancements in preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of mesenchymal stem cells, and to summarize the methodological improvement of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in treating liver failure. (springer.com)
The only curative treatment for ALF is liver transplantation, but there are many restrictions on the application of liver transplantation because of financial considerations, a shortage of donor livers, and immunosuppression-related complications [ 3 ]. (springer.com)
Although liver failure can be treated via hepatocyte transplantation, it also faces multiple problems comprising the shortage of high-quality hepatocytes sources, rejection of allogeneic transplants, difficulty to expand, and losing hepatic characteristics in vitro [ 7 , 8 ]. (springer.com)
Rarely, liver problems, including severe liver failure and a need for liver transplantation, might occur. (medlineplus.gov)
We hypothesized that elevated levels of circulating inflammatory mediators are associated with IRI and/or acute kidney injury (AKI) after liver transplantation (LT). (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
Mihaylov P, Li P, Skill J, Timsina L, Fridell J, Ekser B, Mangus R, Kubal C. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury in Liver Transplantation is Associated with Acute Kidney Injury: Role of Inflammatory Mediators [abstract]. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)
This suggests that hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of AKI after liver transplantation. (birmingham.ac.uk)
The aim of this single-center study was to determine if hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury, estimated by peak peri-operative serum amino-transferase (AST), is associated with AKI following donation after brain death (DBD) liver transplantation. (birmingham.ac.uk)

WASHINGTON - Treatment with carvedilol reduced the incidence of sepsis and acute kidney injury and improved survival at 28 days but did not significantly reduce the progression of esophageal varices in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. (the-hospitalist.org)
A total of 136 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure with small or no esophageal varices and a hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) of 12 mm Hg or greater were enrolled in a single center, prospective, open-label , randomized controlled trial: 66 were randomized to carvedilol and 70 to placebo, according to Sumeet Kainth , MD, of the Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi. (the-hospitalist.org)
Patients with acute on chronic kidney disease fared the worst. (the-hospitalist.org)
Urinalysis and sediment examination are crucial in the evaluation of patients with acute nephritic syndrome. (medscape.com)
For patients with acute severe pain, parenteral opioids are the first-line therapy. (saem.org)
These hospitals are bound to receive patients with acute traumatic injuries. (umc.edu)

Most patients with COVID-19 have mild symptoms, but about 5% develop severe symptoms, which can include acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and multiple organ failure . (biomerieux.com)
Acute liver failure is the appearance of severe complications rapidly after the first signs (such as jaundice) of liver disease, and indicates that the liver has sustained severe damage (loss of function of 80-90% of liver cells). (wikipedia.org)
Severe lung injury and hypoxemia result in high mortality. (wikipedia.org)
Rare but potentially severe adverse events include liver injury, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. (nih.gov)
People with similar severe injuries, for example, are substantially more likely to die in a low-income setting than they are in a high-income setting. (who.int)
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has spread worldwide, and the WHO declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. (frontiersin.org)
However, little is known about the combinative association of liver dysfunction and abnormal interleukins (ILs) in severe patients with COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
In vivo , Pts treatment effectively protected against APAP-induced severe liver injury by decreasing the lethality rate, the serum alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, liver histological injury, liver malondialdehyde (MDA) formation and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels and by increasing liver glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. (karger.com)

Logistic regression analysis revealed that preoperative high activated partial thromboplastin time (P = .02), intraoperative lactate levels at end of surgery (P = .02), and need for open abdomen (P = .03) were independent risk factors for acute kidney injury. (baskent.edu.tr)

How do you distinguish ALF from acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in a patient with chronic liver disease? (medscape.com)
Patients with chronic liver disease experience a slow deterioration in liver function that leads to symptoms of end-stage liver disease, such as variceal bleeding, ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , and HE. (medscape.com)
However, development of an acute insult, such as infection or bleeding, in preexisting chronic liver disease can lead to development of ACLF, which has been elegantly described by Bajaj and colleagues in the most recent ACG guidelines on ACLF . (medscape.com)

Kidney involvement in COVID-19 is frequent, and up to half of all hospitalized COVID-19 patients develop acute kidney injury (AKI). (biomerieux.com)
Several reports suggested that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common occurrence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but its prevalence is inconsistently reported across different populations. (frontiersin.org)

Paraquat causes toxic chemical reactions to occur throughout many parts of the body, primarily the lungs, liver, and kidneys. (cdc.gov)
In cases of lethal exposures, this histologic variation in injury is lost, and pronounced diffuse hepatic steatosis and frank liver necrosis can occur. (cdc.gov)
Alveolar epithelial changes and vascular injury also occur. (cdc.gov)
Using the word "injury" rather than "failure" recognises the fact that recovery can occur. (vetshow.com)
But in view of the wide use of simvastatin, clinically apparent liver injury is exceeding rare and is estimated to occur in 1 per 100,000 patient years of exposure. (nih.gov)
During the course of acute viral hepatitis, some functional and anatomical changes to the gallbladder can occur. (hindawi.com)
But using AI, DeepMind has a solution that could help doctors spot potential kidney injuries 48 hours before they occur, giving them valuable time to get ahead of the problem and potentially allowing them to prevent the condition in up to 30% of patients. (cnet.com)
It is, therefore, not a highly specific indicator of liver injury as its elevation can occur as a result of other injured tissues. (medicinenet.com)

Here, we evaluated children with acute kidney injury early posttransplant using KDIGO criteria to determine incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcomes. (baskent.edu.tr)
BACKGROUND: Up-to-date evidence about levels and trends in disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) is an essential input into global, regional, and national health policies. (ox.ac.uk)
METHODS: Estimates were calculated for disease and injury incidence, prevalence, and YLDs using GBD 2010 methods with some important refinements. (ox.ac.uk)
Results for incidence of acute disorders and prevalence of chronic disorders are new additions to the analysis. (ox.ac.uk)
Incidence of acute sequelae were predominantly infectious diseases and short-term injuries, with over 2 billion cases of upper respiratory infections and diarrhoeal disease episodes in 2013, with the notable exception of tooth pain due to permanent caries with more than 200 million incident cases in 2013. (ox.ac.uk)

We present a case of acute impending liver failure in an adolescent male using a weight-loss product containing green tea extract. (wjgnet.com)

Autoimmune and immunoallergic features were not observed and all cases were self-limited without residual injury or acute liver failure. (nih.gov)

The main features of acute liver failure are rapid-onset jaundice, weakness, and eventually, changes in mental status that can begin as mild confusion but progress to coma, known as hepatic encephalopathy. (wikipedia.org)
The related PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil and tadalafil, have been linked to isolated, rare instances of acute liver injury and jaundice. (nih.gov)

AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated whether YJSB can prevent acute alcoholic liver injury by regulating the intestinal mucosal barrier . (bvsalud.org)

Immunofluorescence and Western blot was used to determine the expression levels of transporters and enzymes involved in Claudin 1 , Occludin and zona occludens 1 (ZO-1) homeostasis in the liver and intestine . (bvsalud.org)
Liver enzymes are elevated in 14-53% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
Liver dysfunction is vital because elevated liver enzymes may be associated with an increased risk of mortality ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
are enzymes produced by the liver and other types of cells. (medicinenet.com)
An initial step in detecting liver damage is a simple blood test to determine the level of certain liver enzymes (proteins) in the blood. (medicinenet.com)
Under normal circumstances, these enzymes mostly reside within the cells of the liver. (medicinenet.com)
But when the liver is injured for any reason, these enzymes are spilled into the bloodstream. (medicinenet.com)
Among the most sensitive and widely used liver enzymes are aminotransferases. (medicinenet.com)
These enzymes are normally predominantly contained within liver cells and to a lesser degree in muscle cells. (medicinenet.com)
If the liver is injured or damaged, the liver cells spill these enzymes into the blood, raising the AST and ALT enzyme blood levels and signaling liver disease . (medicinenet.com)
Other blood tests pertaining to the liver are measurements of some of the other enzymes found in the liver. (medicinenet.com)
In addition to AST and ALT, alkaline phosphatase , 5' nucleotidase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) are a few of the other enzymes located in the liver. (medicinenet.com)
The focus of this article is mainly on the most common liver enzymes, AST and ALT. (medicinenet.com)

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury relies on exclusion of other causes, including viral Hepatitis A, B, and C. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection has been proposed as another cause of suspected drug-induced liver disease. (ystwt.cn)
We assessed the frequency of HEV infection among patients with drug-induced liver injury in the United States. (ystwt.cn)
RESULTS: Among 318 patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury, 50 (16%) tested positive for anti-HEV IgG and 9 (3%) for anti-HEV IgM. (ystwt.cn)
LiverTox: Clinical and Research Information on Drug-Induced Liver Injury [Internet]. (nih.gov)

About 70% in each group had alcoholic hepatitis (the reason for acute liver failure in most). (the-hospitalist.org)
Clinical reassessment of the 9 patients with anti-HEV IgM indicated that acute Hepatitis E was the most likely diagnosis for 7 and might be the primary diagnosis for 2. (ystwt.cn)
Serologic testing for HEV infection should be performed, particularly if clinical features are compatible with acute viral Hepatitis. (ystwt.cn)
Oxidative stress-mediated destruction of normal parenchymal cells during hepatic inflammatory responses contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated hepatitis and is implicated in the progression of acute inflammatory liver injury to chronic inflammatory liver disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
only few cases are reported as ACC associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection. (hindawi.com)
We present a 27-year-old female case diagnosed to have acute acalculous cholecystitis and associated with acute hepatitis B virus infection, and she recovered within one week of her presentation without complication or surgical intervention. (hindawi.com)
During the course of acute hepatitis, gallbladder wall oedema and slowing of bile clearance which may lead to the formation of bile sludge and thickening of the gallbladder wall [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Limited number of cases of ACC were reported to be associated with acute viral hepatitis A infection [ 5 , 10 - 13 ] and only one case reported with hepatitis B infection [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
We would like to present here a second reported case of ACC associated with an acute hepatitis B virus infection [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
Overview of Hepatitis Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. (msdmanuals.com)
See also Overview of Acute Viral Hepatitis and Overview of Chronic Hepatitis. (msdmanuals.com)

The primary effects of CCl 4 in humans are on the central nervous system (CNS), liver, and kidneys. (cdc.gov)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinical syndrome manifested by a rapid or abrupt decline in kidney function and subsequent dysregulation of the body electrolytes and volume, and abnormal retention of nitrogenous waste. (medscape.com)
Acute liver failure is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by rapid development of hepatocellular necrosis leading to high mortality and resource costs. (springer.com)
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening clinical syndrome characterized by rapid hepatocellular necrosis due to various acute injuries induced by hepatotoxic drugs, immune-mediated attack, or viral infections. (springer.com)

While avanafil has not been associated with hepatotoxicity, its potential for causing hypotension and use in patients with cardiac disease may lead to instances of acute ischemic liver injury. (nih.gov)

Patients presenting as acute and hyperacute liver failure are at greater risk of developing cerebral edema and grade IV encephalopathy. (wikipedia.org)
El Hag M. Acute antibody mediated rejection including hyperacute rejection. (pathologyoutlines.com)

Even with development of these symptoms, the immediate mortality is lower for decompensated liver disease than for ALF, which is why patients with ALF receive top priority of the liver transplant waitlist (status 1A). (medscape.com)
The usual latency to onset of symptoms of liver disease ranges from one week to as long as 3 years, but most cases have a latency of 1 to 6 months. (nih.gov)

In patients with non-chronic kidney disease, current users of high potency statins were 34% more likely to be hospitalized with acute kidney injury within 120 days after starting treatment (fixed effect rate ratio 1.34, 95% confidence interval 1.25 to 1.43). (bmj.com)
Among them, acute kidney disease claims the lives of 500,000 US patients every year, according to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention . (cnet.com)

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare condition occurring in people without preexisting liver disease that can result in hepatic failure. (medscape.com)
Morbidity and mortality were high, as is expected with acute-on-chronic liver failure, he noted. (the-hospitalist.org)
Numerous treatment strategies for acute liver failure simply prevent complications and decelerate disease progression. (springer.com)
In recent years, a growing number of studies have shown that stem cells can effectively treat acute liver failure. (springer.com)
The idea of using hepatocytes to treat liver failure depends on a simple hypothesis that liver function can be improved by supplementing exogenous hepatocytes. (springer.com)
Previous studies have proven that rodent and human MSCs can differentiate into HLCs in vitro and in vivo , which is one of the mechanisms of MSCs in the treatment of liver failure. (springer.com)
Acute Kidney Injury replaced the term Acute Renal Failure some years ago. (vetshow.com)
Kidney failure is common, present in more than 50% of ALF patients, either due to original insult such as paracetamol resulting in acute tubular necrosis or from hyperdynamic circulation leading to hepatorenal syndrome or functional kidney failure. (wikipedia.org)
Rare cases of acute liver failure and death have been attributed to simvastatin. (nih.gov)

Acute exposure to CCl 4 causes a hepatocellular pattern of injury, with elevated AST and ALT and primarily centrilobular (zone 3) damage. (cdc.gov)
The pattern of injury is variable, hepatocellular, cholestatic or mixed patterns have been described. (nih.gov)

Emergency care is an essential element of universal health coverage, responding to a range of acute conditions in children and adults, including injuries, infections, acute exacerbations of noncommunicable diseases, and complications of pregnancy. (who.int)
The guide also provides risk stratification for major complications-from abnormal thyroid function and acute kidney injury to myocarditis and venous thromboembolism-enabling readers to determine the need for a transfer of the patient to an emergency medicine setting. (appi.org)

The latency to onset ranged from a few days to 3 months and the pattern of injury was usually cholestatic. (nih.gov)

People can develop confusion related to liver disease or hepatic encephalopathy (HE). (medscape.com)
Currently, patients with ACLF do not receive priority on transplant waitlists outside of the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. (medscape.com)
In brief, documentation of preexisting liver disease is the most reliable factor to distinguish ALF from ACLF, and all efforts should be made to obtain records form previous encounters with the healthcare system. (medscape.com)
In addition, certain disease etiologies can still lead to development of ALF even with preexisting liver disease. (medscape.com)
Can you help clinicians differentiate when massive collapse is present vs "normal liver disease" or other radiographic findings? (medscape.com)
Mean Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were about 25. (the-hospitalist.org)
Forty children (34.2%) had postoperative acute kidney injury, with most having stage 1 disease (n = 21). (baskent.edu.tr)
In the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013), we estimated these quantities for acute and chronic diseases and injuries for 188 countries between 1990 and 2013. (ox.ac.uk)
The non-fatal dimensions of disease and injury will require more and more attention from health systems. (ox.ac.uk)

In vitro studies in human liver and intestinal microsomes indicated that clindamycin is predominantly metabolized by Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), with minor contribution from CYP3A5, to form clindamycin sulfoxide and a minor metabolite, N-desmethylclindamycin. (nih.gov)

Chronic hepatic injury (cirrhosis) takes longer to develop. (cdc.gov)

identify the exact mechanisms of renal injury in COVID-19 patients, and suggest targeted interventions. (biomerieux.com)
Background: The impact of liver allograft ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) on native renal function remains to be characterized. (atcmeetingabstracts.com)

Conclusions: Early postoperative acute kidney injury occurred in 34.2% of pediatric liver transplant recipients, with patients having increased mortality risk. (baskent.edu.tr)
Donation after cardiac death liver transplant recipients have an increased frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI). (birmingham.ac.uk)
In conclusion, hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury demonstrates a strong relationship with peri-operative AKI in DBD liver transplant recipients. (birmingham.ac.uk)

The study was sponsored by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences. (the-hospitalist.org)

The findings showed that YJSB reduced the levels of aspartate aminotr ansferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and total bile acid (TBA), both of which are indicators of liver function and had a protective effect against liver injury . (bvsalud.org)

Yajieshaba' prevents acute alcoholic liver injury and repairs the intestinal mucosal barrier. (bvsalud.org)
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE An essential factor related to the acute alcoholic liver injury is damage to the intestinal mucosal barrier . (bvsalud.org)
The mice received 0.39 g/kg, 1.17 g/kg, and 3.51 g/kg dose YJSB for 7 days, a mouse model of acute alcoholic liver injury was established by a single instillation of 56% alcohol. (bvsalud.org)
YJSB can block LPS, oxidative stress factors, and other harmful substances in the blood and protect the liver resisting acute alcoholic liver injury . (bvsalud.org)

During the course of hepatocyte necrosis, an intense accumulation of neutrophils is often observed within the liver microenvironment. (mdpi.com)
In the liver homogenate, YJSB reduced the level of LPS, NF-κB, tumor necrosis factor -α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 ß ( IL-1 ß) and interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ), decreased the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and catalase ( CAT ) and ROS. (bvsalud.org)

Research on the etiology and pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. (nih.gov)
The Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis program supports a broad range of research topics on the etiology and pathogenesis of acute and chronic pancreatitis. (nih.gov)

Kidney injury can be imperceptible clinically at early stages, but it is important. (vetshow.com)
Simvastatin is a commonly used cholesterol lowering agent (statin) that is associated with mild, asymptomatic and self-limited serum aminotransferase elevations during therapy, and rarely with clinically apparent acute liver injury. (nih.gov)
Clinically apparent liver injury due to simvastatin is rare. (nih.gov)
A (well known but rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury). (nih.gov)
Avanafil is a relatively new medication and has yet to be linked to instances of serum enzyme elevations or with clinically apparent acute liver injury. (nih.gov)
Avanafil has had limited general use, but in premarketing studies it was not associated with cases of clinically apparent liver injury and serum enzyme elevations were not reported. (nih.gov)
E* (unproved but suspected rare cause of clinically apparent liver injury). (nih.gov)
However, switching to another PDE5 inhibitor after an episode of clinically apparent liver injury should be done with caution. (nih.gov)

We provide the area's most advanced and comprehensive care for liver, kidney, and urologic disorders. (rochester.edu)

CONCLUSIONS: HEV infection contributes to a small but important proportion of cases of acute liver injury that are suspected to be drug induced. (ystwt.cn)
Hand Infections Caused By Bites The most common human bite-related infection of the hand is injury to the knuckles of a person who punches another person in the mouth (called a clenched fist injury or fight bite). (msdmanuals.com)

The liver has a tremendous reserve and regeneration ability and can handle a lot of inflammation without its synthetic function being affected. (medscape.com)

Hemodynamic parameters also were comparable, with a mean HVPG of about 19, Dr. Kainth said at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. (the-hospitalist.org)
Whereas primary prevention remains the mainstay of public health efforts to reduce the toll of injuries, infections and noncommunicable diseases, many deaths and much long-term disability can also be prevented through strengthening emergency care. (who.int)
In total, 35 620 distinct sources of data were used and documented to calculated estimates for 301 diseases and injuries and 2337 sequelae. (ox.ac.uk)
INTERPRETATION: Ageing of the world's population is leading to a substantial increase in the numbers of individuals with sequelae of diseases and injuries. (ox.ac.uk)

This study was designed to estimate whether liver dysfunction and abnormal ILs could predict the severity of COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)
Moreover, some studies indicated that the severity of illness was often related to liver dysfunction in patients with COVID-19 ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
We focus on liver dysfunction to explore inner influence in patients with COVID-19. (frontiersin.org)

A total of 296 patients received 298 DBD liver transplants from January 2007 to June 2011. (birmingham.ac.uk)

I was fortunate that my pain had been short-lived and easily controlled, and I hadn't finished the initial round of medications I was given. (cdc.gov)

16 years old who underwent liver transplant from April 2007 to April 2017 were reviewed. (baskent.edu.tr)

CDC provides resources for patients regarding opioids for acute pain . (cdc.gov)

London-based DeepMind, owned by Google parent company Alphabet, is working on a number of health care-based projects, and on Wednesday it published its latest research showing how doctors may be able to predict a quick-onset, deadly condition to save more patient lives. (cnet.com)

Many of our advanced Hepatology and Nephrology services are unique to this region, including liver transplant, kidney transplant, and robotic prostatectomy. (rochester.edu)

CDDO-Im pretreatment of both Nrf2-WT and Nrf2-KO mice resulted in equivalent suppression of serum proinflammatory soluble proteins suggesting that the hepatoprotection afforded by CDDO-Im pretreatment of Nrf2-WT mice but not Nrf2-KO mice was not due to suppression of systemic proinflammatory signaling, but instead was due to activation of Nrf2 signaling in the liver. (johnshopkins.edu)
For example, the AST level in serum is elevated in heart attacks or with a muscle injury. (medicinenet.com)

designed to respond rapidly to people's acute needs even before a diagnosis is known, and they ensure continuity of care and safe transition from the primary to the secondary level of the health system. (who.int)
Conclusions Use of high potency statins is associated with an increased rate of diagnosis for acute kidney injury in hospital admissions compared with low potency statins. (bmj.com)
In addition, this correlational study between liver disorder and ILs may provide a new vision to diagnosis and treatment in patients. (frontiersin.org)

Liver injury has been noted in many instances. (cdc.gov)

In some cases (like acute MI and aortic dissection) analgesics can decrease pain-related tachycardia. (saem.org)

The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis showed that YJSB could increase the expression of claudin 1 , occludin , and ZO-1 proteins , suggesting that the mechanism of action of YJSB against acute alcohol liver injury involves the upregulation of the expression of the intestinal barrier -related proteins and the repair of the damaged intestinal barrier . (bvsalud.org)
The exact mechanism driving COVID-19-related liver injury remains unclear and several mechanisms should be explored. (frontiersin.org)

Objectives: Acute kidney injury after pediatric liver transplant is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. (baskent.edu.tr)

Anatomy11

Organisms12

Diseases79

Chemicals and Drugs51

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment33

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science5

Named Groups1

Health Care15

Transplantation11

Patients with acute6

Severe8

Risk factors for acute kidney1

Chronic liver d3

Hospitalized COVID-19 patients2

Occur8

Incidence5

Case of acute1

Autoimmune1

Jaundice2

Prevent acute1

Enzymes13

Drug-induced liver4

Hepatitis11

Kidneys1

Clinical3

Ischemic1

Hyperacute2

Symptoms2

Kidney disease2

Failure9

Hepatocellular2

Complications2

Latency to onset1

Disease9

Predominantly1

Cirrhosis1

Renal2

Transplant recipients3

Biliary Sciences1

Findings1

Alcoholic4

Necrosis2

Pathogenesis2

Clinically8

Disorders1

Infection2

Regeneration1

Diseases4

Dysfunction3

Transplants1

Short-lived1

20171

Opioids1

Onset1

Hepatology1

Serum2

Diagnosis3

Instances1

Cases1

Mechanism2

Morbidity1