SynthesisAnionicCatalystsMechanismMonomerPhotoinitiatorsRadicalPhotopolymerizationChemistrySiloraneInitiateSaltsStabilizeAsymmetricThermallyInhibitorsPolyComposite resinsOlefinsSubstituentsComplexesGenerateInduceMoleculesSufficientMolecularProcessesFormExhibitAdditionEffectsUnitsResultTypeRatesVinyl
Synthesis3
- 6b Cationic Polymerizations: Mechanisms, Synthesis, and Applications. (thieme-connect.com)
- Chirik, P. J. Synthesis of Cationic, Dimeric a-Diimine Nickel Hydride Complexes and Relevance to the Polymerization of Olefins. (ucsb.edu)
- Resveratrol-based tri-functional benzoxazines: Synthesis, characterization, polymerization, and thermal and flame retardant properties. (case.edu)
Anionic6
- Similar to anionic polymerization reactions, cationic polymerization reactions are very sensitive to the type of solvent used. (wikipedia.org)
- This a class of synthetic dyes , that act as bases and when made soluble in water , they form a colored cationic salt , which can react with the anionic sites on the surface of the substrate. (taihemachine.com)
- These are either introduced as a result of co-polymerisation, or as the residues of anionic polymerisation inhibitors. (taihemachine.com)
- It is this anionic property which makes acrylics suitable for dyeing with cationic dyes, since there will be a strong ionic interaction between dye and polymer (in effect, the opposite of the acid dye-protein fibre interaction). (taihemachine.com)
- The smoothest surface topology is found for multilayers built up from the polydiacetylene 1b and a cationic polyelectrolyte in alternating sequence, while the largest unevenness is found when the anionic diacetylene 1a is alternatingly adsorbed with the cationic bolaamphiphile 3 followed by subsequent UV polymerization on the substrate. (uni-muenchen.de)
- The polymerization process can be via a radical mechanism, anionic or cationic mechanisms, or condensation reactions. (noaa.gov)
Catalysts3
- Paper presented at Symposium on Organometallic Catalysts and Olefin Polymerization between China and Germany, China. (uea.ac.uk)
- Olefin Polymerization with Supported Catalysts as an Exercise in Nanotechnology. (mpg.de)
- Other high volume materials in this category are ethylene oxide (oxirane) and propylene oxide which require acid or base catalysts to initiate polymerization. (noaa.gov)
Mechanism3
- Congratulations to graduate student Travis Varner who, with the help of postdoc Aaron Teator and UNC undergraduate Paige Jacky, started a long journey three years ago to understand the mechanism of our previously published stereoselective polymerization of vinyl ethers. (unc.edu)
- The unit cell contains two lactide monomers, one d - and one l -lactide, adding further proof that polymerization takes place via an enantiomorphic site control mechanism. (acs.org)
- Silorane network is generated by cationic ringopening polymerization mechanism instead of free radical curing of methacrylate monomers 8 , and more light-curing time to form cations is required to initiate the polymerization reaction 5 . (bvsalud.org)
Monomer9
- In chemistry, cationic polymerization is a type of chain growth polymerization in which a cationic initiator transfers charge to a monomer which then becomes reactive. (wikipedia.org)
- Monomer scope for cationic polymerization is limited to two main types: alkene and heterocyclic monomers. (wikipedia.org)
- At the same time, these electron-donating groups attached to the monomer must be able to stabilize the resulting cationic charge for further polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
- Ionizing radiation can form a radical-cation pair that can then react with a monomer to start cationic polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
- in the process, the cationic end group is regenerated to allow for the next round of monomer addition. (wikipedia.org)
- Kinetic parameters were investigated, and each polymerization was found to be first order with respect to monomer concentration. (acs.org)
- The volume phase transition temperatures (VPTTs) of the synthesized PNHD nanogels can be tailored by adjusting monomer feeds during the course of polymerization. (rsc.org)
- Polymerization of an AB-type benzoxazine monomer toward different polybenzoxazine networks: When Diels-Alder reaction meets benzoxazine chemistry in a single-component resin. (case.edu)
- Methacrylate restorative materials exhibit volumetric polymerization shrinkage 5 , ranging from 1.9 to 3.5 vol% 6 , and a significant proportion of unreacted monomer due to incomplete C=C bond conversion 7 . (bvsalud.org)
Photoinitiators1
- Addition fragmentation agents with radical generating sites as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization. (itu.edu.tr)
Radical5
- Living Radical Polymerization 4. (or.jp)
- In the neat methacrylate formulations, the maximum rates of free-radical polymerization with EDMAB or TTMSS were 0.28 or 0.06 s−1, respectively. (ku.edu)
- The phase separation phenomenon may be attributed to differences in the rates of free-radical polymerization of methacrylates and cationic ring-opening polymerization of silorane. (ku.edu)
- In the hybrid systems, free-radical polymerization initiated with EDMAB led to higher crosslink density and better mechanical properties under dry/wet conditions. (ku.edu)
- These materials (commonly called monomers) are those compounds which have the capability of thermally induced or chemically initiated radical type polymerization reactions which can generate significant amounts of heat (up to -100 kJ/mol). (noaa.gov)
Photopolymerization1
- Then, their photoinitiation ability for the cationic photopolymerization of epoxide and divinyl ether monomers under the irradiation of diverse LEDs (i.e., blue, green, yellow, and red LEDs) was investigated. (edu.au)
Chemistry4
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Silorane2
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the polymerization behavior and structure/property relationships of methacrylate-silorane hybrid systems. (ku.edu)
- In the neat silorane resin, the maximum rates of cationic ring-opening polymerization with EDMAB or TTMSS were 0.056 or 0.087 s−1, respectively. (ku.edu)
Initiate1
- Halogens, such as chlorine and bromine, can also initiate cationic polymerization upon addition of the more active Lewis acids. (wikipedia.org)
Salts1
- Properties of basic dyes Basic Dyes are cationic soluble salts of coloured bases. (taihemachine.com)
Stabilize1
- The novel polymerization method can stabilize the molecular weight and optical activity of polybenzofuran, and therefore the precise polymerization reactions will lead to the development of new functional polymer materials . (drupa.com)
Asymmetric4
- Dating back to the 1960s, a technique invented by Natta, the so-called asymmetric cationic polymerization, was brought to life which enabled the creation of polymers but could not still control the molecular weight of polymers. (drupa.com)
- The secret of their success lies in the merging of two techniques: their living cationic polymerization and Natta's asymmetric cationic polymerization. (drupa.com)
- Electronic effects of asymmetric and meta-alkoxy substituents on the polymerization behavior of bis-benzoxazines. (case.edu)
- Electronic effects of asymmetric and meta-alkoxy substituents on the polymerization behavior of bis-benzoxazines (cover page artwork invited). (case.edu)
Thermally1
- Cationic polymerization of both types of monomers occurs only if the overall reaction is thermally favorable. (wikipedia.org)
Inhibitors1
- These materials are typically inhibited with low levels (ppm range) of antioxidants to prevent premature polymerization chain reactions and these inhibitors may require dissolved oxygen to be effective. (noaa.gov)
Poly4
- Cationic polymerization is used in the production of polyisobutylene (used in inner tubes) and poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). (wikipedia.org)
- These complexes were tested for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of rac -lactide at 70 °C in toluene, producing poly(lactide) with up to 82% isotacticity. (acs.org)
- Poly(isobutylene) Nanoparticles via Cationic Polymerization in Nonaqueous Emulsions. (mpg.de)
- A new insight is reported into exploring a low-charged thermosensitive cationic nanogel, poly( N -isopropylacrylamide- co -2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate- co -2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM-HEMA-DMAEMA) or PNHD), for 3D cell culture. (rsc.org)
Composite resins1
- Temper-ature rise during polymerization of visible light-activated composite resins, Dent Mater. (jida.ir)
Olefins1
- Cationic polymerization of olefin monomers occurs with olefins that contain electron-donating substituents. (wikipedia.org)
Substituents1
- The types of monomers necessary for cationic polymerization are limited to alkenes with electron-donating substituents and heterocycles. (wikipedia.org)
Complexes3
- Ring-Opening Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone by Using Aluminum Complexes Bearing Aryl Thioether Phenolates: Labile Thioether Chelation. (acs.org)
- Yang, J. Y. Cationic Effects on the Effective Hydrogen Atom Bond Dissociation Free Energy of High Valent Manganese Imido Complexes. (ucsb.edu)
- We reveal the formation of amorphous complexes via an en masse pathway and their relaxation into virions via a synchronous pathway. (cea.fr)
Generate1
- There are a variety of initiators available for cationic polymerization, and some of them require a coinitiator to generate the needed cationic species. (wikipedia.org)
Induce2
- Although these Lewis acids alone are able to induce polymerization, the reaction occurs much faster with a suitable cation source. (wikipedia.org)
- In this work, we report on the preparation of 2D WS 2 @PANI hybrid materials in which we exploit the LPE TMD nanoflakes as scaffolds, onto which induce the in-situ aniline polymerization and thus achieve porous architectures, with the help of surfactants and sodium chloride acting as templating agents. (frontiersin.org)
Molecules1
- Basic dyes are called cationic dyes because the chromophore in basic dye molecules contains a positive charge. (taihemachine.com)
Sufficient1
- High concentrations of the acid are needed in order to produce sufficient quantities of the cationic species. (wikipedia.org)
Molecular1
- En Guatemala se reporta la presencia de ambas especies de nematodos por identificación morfológica, sin embargo, no se ha realizado una confirmación molecular. (bvsalud.org)
Processes1
- Fractional orders were observed with respect to catalyst concentration, indicating catalyst aggregation during the polymerization processes. (acs.org)
Form3
- Specifically, the ability of a solvent to form free ions will dictate the reactivity of the propagating cationic chain. (wikipedia.org)
- Monomers for cationic polymerization are nucleophilic and form a stable cation upon polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
- Strong protic acids can be used to form a cationic initiating species. (wikipedia.org)
Exhibit1
- Though still cationic in nature, modified basic dyes exhibit improved fibre coverage and substantivity on many furnishes,making them ideal for dyeing applications. (taihemachine.com)
Addition1
- New microporous homopolymers were readily prepared from norbornadiene-2,5, its dimer and trimer by addition (vinyl) polymerization of the corresponding monomers with 60-98% yields. (mdpi.com)
Effects1
- A Compari-son of composite curing parameters: Effects of light source and curing mode on conversion, temperature rise and polymerization shrinkage. (jida.ir)
Units1
- Temperature rise occurs during photoactivation of dental composites due to the exothermic polymerization reaction and different curing units. (jida.ir)
Result1
- However, a higher DC increases the shrinkage strain and the resulting polymerization stress may result in cuspal deflection 8 , de-bonding at adhesive interface, post-operative sensitivity 9,10 , microleakage 9 , marginal staining, secondary caries formation, restoration and dental fractures 10 , affecting the restoration durability. (bvsalud.org)
Type1
- The first type is based on electrostatic self-organization of diacetylene bolaamphiphiles and polyelectrolytes on a charged substrate followed by subsequent ultraviolet (UV) polymerization. (uni-muenchen.de)
Rates1
- cationic dyes exhaust at a variable rates, K values are used to define the exhaustion characteristics of the cationic dyes. (taihemachine.com)
Vinyl1
- It is well known that vinyl ethers(VEs) are typical monomers for living cationic polymerization. (youdao.com)