• Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin (beta-catenin), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is a dual function protein, involved in regulation and coordination of cell-cell adhesion and gene transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Drosophila, the homologous protein is called armadillo. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-catenin is a subunit of the cadherin protein complex and acts as an intracellular signal transducer in the Wnt signaling pathway. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is a member of the catenin protein family and homologous to γ-catenin, also known as plakoglobin. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin is regulated and destroyed by the beta-catenin destruction complex, and in particular by the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein, encoded by the tumour-suppressing APC gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • β-Catenin was initially discovered in the early 1990s as a component of a mammalian cell adhesion complex: a protein responsible for cytoplasmatic anchoring of cadherins. (wikipedia.org)
  • But very soon, it was realized that the Drosophila protein armadillo - implicated in mediating the morphogenic effects of Wingless/Wnt - is homologous to the mammalian β-catenin, not just in structure but also in function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, β-catenin became one of the first examples of moonlighting: a protein performing more than one radically different cellular function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Termed armadillo repeats, all these elements fold together into a single, rigid protein domain with an elongated shape - called armadillo (ARM) domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CTNNB1 gene provides instructions for making a protein called beta-catenin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The beta-catenin protein is also involved in cell signaling as an essential part of the Wnt signaling pathway. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Certain proteins in this pathway attach (bind) to beta-catenin, which triggers a multistep process that allows the protein to move into the cell nucleus. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They change single protein building blocks (amino acids) in the beta-catenin protein. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These mutations lead to an abnormally stable beta-catenin protein that is not broken down when it is no longer needed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • They cause the beta-catenin protein to be turned on all the time (constitutively active), which leads to the abnormal activation of certain genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • This active beta-catenin protein promotes Wnt signaling longer than normal, which leads to the unchecked proliferation of kidney cells and tumor development. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The LAP [leucine-rich and postsynaptic density-95/Discs large/zona occludens-1 (PDZ)] protein erbin and δ-catenin, a component of the cadherin-catenin cell adhesion complex, are highly expressed in neurons and associate through PDZ-mediated interaction, but have incompletely characterized neuronal functions. (jneurosci.org)
  • The adenomatous polyposis coli tumor suppressor protein is also implicated in beta-catenin signaling. (embl.de)
  • β-Catenin is a fascinating protein with many important cellular and developmental functions. (chemdiv.com)
  • The roles of b-catenin are 'classically' defined: as an adhesion protein and as a signaling protein, transducing extracellular signals to the nucleus to modify gene expression. (chemdiv.com)
  • β -catenin has many binding partners that mediate a diverse set of cellular functions, and the protein probably acts as a 'hub' on which many cellular signaling networks impinge. (chemdiv.com)
  • This library represents a selection of drug-like compounds aimed at modulating protein-protein interaction (PPI) of β-catenin with different proteins involved in significant physiological processes. (chemdiv.com)
  • Izawa I, Nishizawa M, Ohtakara K, Inagaki M. Densin-180 interacts with delta-catenin/neural plakophilin-related armadillo repeat protein at synapses. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • This domain has previously been shown to bind to the b-catenin homolog Armadillo (Arm), raising the possibility that Wg input, in addition to Hh input, modulates the activity of the hybrid CiD protein. (uzh.ch)
  • At the adherens junction in epithelia, the C-terminal domain of E-cadherin interacts, in a mutually exclusive manner, with β-catenin or γ-catenin (plakoglobin), which then interacts with α-catenin, an actin-binding protein. (oncotarget.com)
  • Kaiso protein interacts exclusively with p120 catenin, a member in the armadillo household that owns B catenin. (alkpathway.com)
  • Delta-catenin binds AMPA-binding protein (ABP), leading to the LTP-induced increase in AMPA channel content. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that substitution of the serine residues in the glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylation consensus motif of beta-catenin inhibits ubiquitination and results in stabilization of the protein. (bioseek.eu)
  • Although delta-catenin/neural plakophilin-related armadillo protein (NPRAP) was reported to interact with presenilin-1 (PS-1), the effects of PS-1 on delta-catenin have not been established. (ecu.edu)
  • Once in the nucleus, beta-catenin interacts with other proteins to control the activity (expression) of particular genes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • It is now clear that Armadillo and beta-catenin bind directly to members of the T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor subfamily of HMG box DNA-binding proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors that regulate Wingless/Wnt responsive genes in both Drosophila and vertebrates. (embl.de)
  • The molecular weight of proteins were 102, 88 and 80 kDa, so they were named α, β and γ-catenin. (chemdiv.com)
  • Their function is regulated by association with the actin cytoskeleton by a complex of cytoplasmic proteins called the catenins (α, β, γ). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Plakophilin proteins contain numerous armadillo repeats, localize to cell desmosomes and nuclei, and participate in linking cadherins to intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • Plakoglobin (also known as γ-catenin) is a member of the Armadillo family of proteins and a paralog of β-catenin. (oncotarget.com)
  • Cadherins are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins that form homotypic interactions with cadherin proteins on neighboring cells and interact intracellularly with proteins of the catenin family [ 4 , 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • p120-Catenin (p120) is a member of the catenin subfamily of armadillo repeat domain-containing proteins that associates with the juxtamembrane domain of multiple types of the cadherin family (12). (msi-sig.org)
  • Domains and repeats with an ARM-like fold have been found in a number of proteins, including: ARM repeat domain, found in beta-catenins, importins, karyopherin and exportins. (eu.org)
  • Homo sapiens catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (origene.com)
  • δ-Catenin belongs to the p120 catenin (p120ctn) family of catenins and binds to the cytoplasmic domains of type 1 and 2 cadherins at a membrane proximal region that is not involved in binding of either β-catenin or plakoglobin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Based on known binding reactions, we suggest the first molecularly specific version of tag/capture hypothesis: that the CaMKII/NMDAR complex, once formed, serves as a tag, which then leads to a binding cascade involving densin, delta-catenin, and N-cadherin (some of which are newly synthesized). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Delta-Catenin is upregulated in human carcinomas. (ecu.edu)
  • However, little is known about the potential transcriptional factors that regulate delta-catenin expression in cancer. (ecu.edu)
  • Notably, the C-terminal segment of β-catenin can mimic the effects of the entire Wnt pathway if artificially fused to the DNA binding domain of LEF1 transcription factor. (wikipedia.org)
  • Beta-catenin participates in signal transduction and developmental patterning in Xenopus and Drosophila embryos as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (embl.de)
  • The Wnt pathway mediates the biological processes of the canonical or non-canonical pathway, depending on the involvement of β-catenin in signal transduction. (chemdiv.com)
  • The recently described role of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the regulation of immune cell infiltration of microenvironment tumor resumes interest because of its potential impact to rection of immune therapy. (chemdiv.com)
  • This article presents the roles of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cancer and current therapeutic strategies involving this pathway. (chemdiv.com)
  • Nussе and Varmus identified components of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in 1982 in a study of oncogenic breast tumor viral diseases (MMTV) [1]. (chemdiv.com)
  • In this context, β-catenin has a well-documented oncogenic potential as a component of the Wnt signaling pathway. (oncotarget.com)
  • beta-catenin is a target for the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • beta-catenin is a central component of the cadherin cell adhesion complex and plays an essential role in the Wingless/Wnt signaling pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • In the current model of this pathway, the amount of beta-catenin (or its invertebrate homolog Armadillo) is tightly regulated and its steady-state level outside the cadherin-catenin complex is low in the absence of Wingless/Wnt signal. (bioseek.eu)
  • This motif in beta-catenin resembles a motif in IkappaB (inhibitor of NFkappaB) which is required for the phosphorylation-dependent degradation of IkappaB via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. (bioseek.eu)
  • We show that ubiquitination of beta-catenin is greatly reduced in Wnt-expressing cells, providing the first evidence that the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway may act downstream of GSK3beta in the regulation of beta-catenin. (bioseek.eu)
  • The armadillo (Arm) repeat is an approximately 40 amino acid long tandemly repeated sequence motif first identified in the Drosophila melanogaster segment polarity gene armadillo involved in signal transduction through wingless. (embl.de)
  • Signal transduction of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • Hh signal transduction leads to increased stability of a transcription factor, Cubitus interruptus (Ci), whereas Wg signal transduction causes increased stability of Armadillo (Arm/beta-catenin), a possible co-factor for the transcriptional regulator Lef1/TCF. (scienceopen.com)
  • The core of β-catenin consists of several very characteristic repeats, each approximately 40 amino acids long. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each member of the p120ctn family consists of a central domain consisting of nine armadillo (arm) repeats broken by a wedge between repeats 5 and 6 plus N- and C-terminal sequences that differ substantially between family members ( Pokutta and Weis, 2007 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Tandem repeats form superhelix of helices that is proposed to mediate interaction of beta-catenin with its ligands. (embl.de)
  • In plakoglobin arm repeats bind alpha-catenin and N-cadherin. (embl.de)
  • The primary structure of beta-catenin consists of an NH2-terminal domain (NDT), a central region represented by 12 Arm-repeats (R1-12), and a COOH-terminal end (CTD). (chemdiv.com)
  • Plakoglobin (also called γ-catenin) has a strikingly similar architecture to that of β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Not only their ARM domains resemble each other in both architecture and ligand binding capacity, but the N-terminal β-TrCP-binding motif is also conserved in plakoglobin, implying common ancestry and shared regulation with β-catenin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar to β-catenin, plakoglobin is capable of participating in cell signaling in addition to its role in cell-cell adhesion. (oncotarget.com)
  • The cadherin cytoplasmic tail binds β-catenin (Armadillo [Arm]), that links to α-catenin (α-cat), which binds F-actin. (rupress.org)
  • The standard model of Wnt signaling specifies that after receipt of a Wnt ligand at the membranous receptor complex, downstream mediators inhibit a cytoplasmic destruction complex, allowing β-catenin to accumulate in the cytosol and nucleus and co-activate Wnt target genes. (silverchair.com)
  • The cylindrical structure features a positively charged grove, which presumably interacts with the acidic surfaces of the known interaction partners of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • However, N-cadherin also interacts with a PTP1B-like phosphatase that dephosphorylates β-catenin and promotes N-cadherin/actin association. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Degradation of β-catenin is mediated by the β-catenin destruction complex, in which APC plays critical roles as it binds to AXIN1 and β-catenin [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis system is involved in the regulation of beta-catenin turnover. (bioseek.eu)
  • Sec62 competitively disrupted the interaction between β-catenin and APC to inhibit the β-catenin destruction complex assembly. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The membrane was probed with a beta-Catenin monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1-301) at a dilution of 1:1000 overnight at 4 C on a rocking platform, washed in TBS-0.1%Tween 20, and probed with a goat anti-mouse IgG-HRP secondary antibody (Product # 31430) at a dilution of 1:20,000 for at least 1 hour. (labome.cn)
  • Following antigen retrieval tissues were blocked in 3% BSA-PBS for 30 minutes at room temperature and probed with a Catenin beta monoclonal antibody (Product # MA1-301) at a dilution of 1:200 or without primary antibody (negative control) overnight at 4 C in a humidified chamber. (labome.cn)
  • Mutations and overexpression of β-catenin are associated with many cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, lung cancer, malignant breast tumors, ovarian and endometrial cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dendritic phenotype observed after erbin depletion is rescued by overexpression of δ-catenin and requires a domain in δ-catenin that has been shown to regulate dendritic branching. (jneurosci.org)
  • Knockdown of δ-catenin cannot be rescued by overexpression of erbin, indicating that erbin is upstream of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Armadillo and dTCF: a marriage made in the nucleus. (embl.de)
  • Speaking more specifically, β-catenin is an integral structural component of cadherin-based adhesive junctions as well as it a key nuclear effector of canonical in nucleus Wnt signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • A p120ctn is really a regulator from the kaiso perform and it is identified that while in the nucleus of the cell they straight modulate the action of canonical Wnt pathways and target genes of B catenin, which can be another indication in the importance of Kaiso while in the growth of cancer. (alkpathway.com)
  • An average armadillo repeat is composed of three alpha helices. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first repeat of β-catenin (near the N-terminus) is slightly different from the others - as it has an elongated helix with a kink, formed by the fusion of helices 1 and 2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Three-dimensional structure of the armadillo repeat region of beta-catenin. (embl.de)
  • A core region of beta-catenin, composed of 12 copies of a 42 amino acid sequence motif known as an armadillo repeat, mediates these interactions. (embl.de)
  • The three-dimensional structure of a protease-resistant fragment of beta-catenin containing the armadillo repeat region has been determined. (embl.de)
  • This gene encodes a member of the arm-repeat (armadillo) and plakophilin gene families. (nih.gov)
  • All the diversity of catenins forms a complex functional network. (chemdiv.com)
  • β-catenin is a component of the complex cadherin complex whose stabilization is required to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (chemdiv.com)
  • Evolution of the Cadherin-Catenin Complex. (brh.co.jp)
  • We found that the expression of Wnt2b or constitutively active (CA) β-catenin inhibited retinal progenitor gene(RPG) expression and the differentiation of retinal neurons. (biologists.com)
  • An imbalance in the structural and signaling properties of β-catenin often leads to disease and unregulated growth associated with cancer and metastasis. (chemdiv.com)
  • Although unrelated in sequence, the beta-catenin binding regions of cadherins, Tcfs, and APC are acidic and are proposed to interact with this groove. (embl.de)
  • B catenin and p120ctn are extremely comparable mole cules possessing the 2 i. domains of Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries interaction together with the cytosolic portion of cadherins and ii. (alkpathway.com)
  • We show that short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of erbin and knockdown or genetic ablation of δ-catenin severely impaired dendritic morphogenesis in hippocampal neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest a critical role for erbin in regulating dendritic morphogenesis by maintaining appropriate localization of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • Beta-catenin is essential for cadherin-based cell adhesion and Wnt/Wingless growth factor signaling. (embl.de)
  • Excess beta-catenin promotes the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, allowing the formation of desmoid tumors. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Sec62 upregulated by the METTL3-mediated m 6 A modification promotes the stemness and chemoresistance of CRC by binding to β-catenin and enhancing Wnt signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin complexed with N-cadherin results in dissociation of N-cadherin from actin. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Degradation of β-catenin is thus mediated by this N-terminal segment. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanistically, Sec62 bound to β-catenin and inhibited the degradation of β-catenin. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As sketched above, the ARM domain of β-catenin acts as a platform to which specific linear motifs may bind. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, δ-catenin, ARVCF, and p0071 also contain a PDZ binding motif at the C terminus. (jneurosci.org)
  • This gene may regulate the signaling activity of beta-catenin and is required to maintain transcription of genes that control intracellular calcium cycling including ryanodine receptor 2, ankyrin-B, triadin, and calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1C. (nih.gov)
  • ChemDiv's Inhibitors of beta-Catenin Signaling Library contains 8,000 compounds. (chemdiv.com)
  • A representative example of a 'druggable' 'hot spots' included specific topological features of the β -catenin interaction. (chemdiv.com)
  • However, the mechanisms by which the APC-β-catenin interaction is regulated in CRC are not fully understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this issue, we generally review the mechanisms of cellular senescence in diabetic nephropathy, which involve telomere attrition, DNA damage, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of Klotho, Wnt/ β -catenin signaling activation, persistent inflammation, and accumulation of uremic toxins. (hindawi.com)
  • beta-catenin, but not E-cadherin, p120(cas) or alpha-catenin, becomes stabilized when proteasome-mediated proteolysis is inhibited and this leads to the accumulation of multi-ubiquitinated forms of beta-catenin. (bioseek.eu)
  • Alterations in the localization and expression levels of β-catenin have been associated with various forms of heart disease, including dilated cardiomyopathy. (wikipedia.org)
  • δ-Catenin-null neurons have no alterations in global levels of active Rac1/RhoA. (jneurosci.org)
  • Knockdown of erbin results in alterations in localization of δ-catenin. (jneurosci.org)
  • β-catenin belongs to the catenin molecule family. (chemdiv.com)
  • Immunohistochemistry: paraffin-embedded human breast carcinoma tissue stained with anti-beta Catenin (phospho Ser37) antibody ARG51710 (left) or the same antibody preincubated with blocking peptide (right). (bio-connect.nl)
  • Beta-catenin plays an important role in sticking cells together (cell adhesion) and in communication between cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Among its many activities, beta-catenin appears to play an important role in the normal function of hair follicles, which are specialized structures in the skin where hair growth occurs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Within the past year, Armadillo and beta-catenin's role in transducing the Wingless/Wnt signal has been substantially clarified. (embl.de)
  • ChemDiv proposes the new library of beta-catenin inhibitors/modulators. (chemdiv.com)
  • anti-beta Catenin phospho. (bio-connect.nl)
  • Western blot analysis of beta-Catenin was performed by loading 50 0 8g of the indicated whole cell lysates onto a 4-20% Tris-HCl polyacrylamide gel. (labome.cn)
  • Yet these intrinsically disordered regions play a crucial role in β-catenin function. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays crucial roles in the maintenance of CSCs [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Decreased Expression of Plakophilin-2 and αT-Catenin in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy: Potential Markers for Diagnosis. (nih.gov)
  • HelixC is not necessary for β-catenin to function in cell-cell adhesion. (wikipedia.org)