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CatecholsCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseEstrogens, CatecholDioxygenasesOxygenasesCatechol O-Methyltransferase4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate DioxygenaseProtocatechuate-3,4-DioxygenaseCysteine DioxygenaseHydrocarbons, AromaticBiodegradation, EnvironmentalPseudomonasTryptophan OxygenaseAmino Acids, AromaticPhenolHydroxybenzoatesHomogentisate 1,2-DioxygenasePseudomonas putida3-Hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-DioxygenaseCatechol OxidaseBenzoatesSorbic AcidKynurenineRhodococcusTolueneChlorobenzenesMolecular Sequence DataChlorobenzoatesSubstrate SpecificityBenzeneBenzoic AcidMixed Function OxygenasesTryptophanEquileninAmino Acid SequenceSphingomonasAdipatesOxidation-ReductionPhenolsKineticsBurkholderiaAlcaligenesPyrogallolGentisatesGenes, BacterialCresolsAcinetobacterParabensHydroquinonesXylenesProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexHydroxylationPlanococcus BacteriaBiotransformationCloning, MolecularToluidinesEscherichia coliRalstoniaChromatography, High Pressure LiquidBase SequenceIronBenzene DerivativesBacterial ProteinsBrevibacteriumPolycyclic CompoundsSalicylatesGram-Negative Aerobic Rods and CocciComamonasMutationHydroxyestronesPhenanthrenesSoil PollutantsModels, MolecularSequence Homology, Amino AcidProteolysisEnzyme Inductionortho-AminobenzoatesVanillic AcidChlorophenolsQuinonesHomogentisic AcidPolychlorinated BiphenylsArthrobacterNaphthalenesIntramolecular LyasesMultienzyme ComplexesStructure-Activity RelationshipUbiquitinProtein BindingNaphtholsBinding SitesPseudomonas stutzeriRecombinant ProteinsBiphenyl CompoundsHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationCatalysisSoil MicrobiologyFerredoxinsAcinetobacter calcoaceticus
HydrocarbonsCompoundsMeta ring clePseudomonasEnzymeBacteriaPolycyclicPathwayCharacterizationCleavageGeneExtradiol dioxygenaseNaphthalene dioxygenaseBenzoateHydrocarbonHydroxylationBiodegradationTolueneEnzymesOxidationMicrobial degradationDehydrogenaseSituMetabolismAnthranilateCatabolicPathwaysGenesSubstratePyreneMechanismBioremediationReactionMicrobiologyReductionInvolvesSeparate
Hydrocarbons8
  • The second hypothesis postulates that the tunnel regulates lipid membrane rigidity through its degradation of phenolic hydrocarbons and ability to bind to other lipids. (wikipedia.org)
  • 1,2-CTD degrades phenolic hydrocarbons key to the synthesis lipid membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, 1,2-CTD may bind to the cell lipid membrane via its terminal phospholipids and thus have greater access to the phenolic hydrocarbons vital in lipid membrane structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degrading bacteria can be isolated from polluted coastal environments. (omicsonline.org)
  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are one class of organic pollutants that are considered the most hazardous due to their toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties [ 1 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • The analysis of both the metagenome of the consortium and the reconstructed metagenome-assembled genomes show that the most abundant bacterial genus in the consortium, Acidocella , possess many of the genes required for the degradation of diesel fuel aromatic hydrocarbons, which are often the most toxic component. (springeropen.com)
  • able to significantly ( P = .05) utilize the all the aromatic hydrocarbons. (journalarrb.com)
  • and for degradation of AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS . (nih.gov)
Compounds11
  • These bacteria subsequently employ 1,2-CTD in the last step of the degradation of aromatic compounds to aliphatic products. (wikipedia.org)
  • low-molecular-weight (LMW) compounds consist of two or three rings, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) compounds, more than three rings [ 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Comment: (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD) is a common intermediate in the aerobic degradation of many aromatic compounds. (lbl.gov)
  • Microbial degradation of organic compounds. (research.com)
  • Benzene compounds with dihydroxylated rings, e.g. catechol (1,2-benzenediol) and hydroquinone (1,4-benzenediol), are important intermediates in bacterial catabolism of aromatic compounds. (ethz.ch)
  • They play a key role in the metabolism of organic compounds by increasing their reactivity or water solubility or bringing about cleavage of the aromatic ring. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Many of these compounds have been reported to be toxic to the living organisms [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two compounds, Compound 1 (1,4-dihydrophenanthrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid) and Compound 5 [8-(N-butyl-N-ethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydrophenathrolin-4-one-3-carboxylic acid], with comparable potencies in vivo, were chosen to investigate the effect of the inhibition of the hydroxylation of newly synthesized uterine collagen on the turnover of this protein in vivo. (embl.de)
  • Some of the enzymes which generate aromatic radicals that break down most prominent bacterial strains found were isolated and tax- the complex linkages present in lignin to compounds of lower onomically identified using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) se- molecular weight. (lu.se)
Meta ring cle1
  • 2021. Differential roles of three different upper pathway meta ring cleavage product hydrolases in the degradation of dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofuran by Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1. (nih.gov)
Pseudomonas9
Enzyme4
  • PAHs could be degraded by bacteria under aerobic conditions through the initial oxidation of the aromatic ring, which is catalyzed by the dioxygenase enzyme. (omicsonline.org)
  • Specific activities of Catechol-2,3-dioxygenase and effects of temperature and pH and their stabilities on the enzyme relative activities were observed. (openmicrobiologyjournal.com)
  • The existence of catabolic and surfactant genes namely catechol dioxygenase ( C23O ), rhamnolipid enzyme ( rhlB ) and surfactin /lichenysin enzyme ( SrfA3 /LicA3 ) genes were detected in only four (4) out of the nine (9) marine aromatic degrading bacteria with 881 base pairs sizes. (journalarrb.com)
  • An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. (lookformedical.com)
Bacteria4
  • Plant-mediated effects on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degradation by bacteria in the rhizosphere of the salt marsh grasses, Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis. (nih.gov)
  • Peripheral enzymes, particularly oxygenases and dehydrogenases, were found to transform structurally diverse substrates into one of these central intermediates by bringing about the hydroxylation of the aromatic nucleus (Fig. 2A ), and hence it is thought that bacteria have developed these enzymes to extend their substrate range [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • To explore the phylogenetic framework of bacteria isolated from contaminated marine environments of Niger Delta and the expression of the metabolic genes coding for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production. (journalarrb.com)
  • A laboratory scale study was carried on six composite samples of the sediment and water samples from the three studied areas using enrichment, screening, selection, characterization, and PCR assays to explore the phylogenetic framework and metabolic genes expression of the marine bacteria for aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production. (journalarrb.com)
Polycyclic1
  • 2006. Microbial dioxygenase gene population shifts during polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biodegradation. (nih.gov)
Pathway17
  • The pcaH was significant in the β-ketoadipate pathway [9] where the pathway as it conserves biochemically, and is a major class of non-heme-iron containing dioxygenase [ 10 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Moreover, a dioxygenase gene, nidA3B3, was detected in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 as an alternate degradation pathway which could catalyze both the initial dihydroxylation of pyrene [ 11 ] to be pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol, and an alternate detoxification pyrene pathway to be pyrene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol [ 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • 2021. Separate upper pathway ring cleavage dioxygenases are required for growth of Sphingomonas wittichii strain RW1 on dibenzofuran and dibenzo-p-dioxin. (nih.gov)
  • For example, pathway IV yields indole-3-lactate, which could potentially be oxidized to indole-3-acetate, which has a known catabolic pathway, but no prokaryotes are known to consume tryptophan this way. (lbl.gov)
  • Pathway VIII yields tryptophol (also known as indole-3-ethanol), which could potentially be oxidized to indole-3-acetate and consumed. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: In pathway I, dioxygenase kynA opens the non-aromatic ring, to N-formyl-L-kynureine, a hydrolase yields L-kynurenine (and formate), and a hydrolase yields anthranilate and L-alanine. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation I ( link ), a dioxygenase cleaves off carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving catechol. (lbl.gov)
  • In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation IV ( link ), anthranilate hydroxylase/monooxygenase (hpaH) yields 3-hydroxyanthranilate. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: 3-hydroxyanthranilate degradation is part of L-tryptophan degradation pathway XII ( link ). (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation to HPD I (meta-cleavage, link ), dioxygenase xylE converts catechol to (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate (also known as 2-hydroxymuconate 6-semialdehyde). (lbl.gov)
  • In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation III (ortho-cleavage, link ), the 1,2-dioxygenase catA forms cis,cis-muconate, a cycloisomerase forms (+)-muconolactone, an isomerase converts this to (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate (also known as 3-oxoadipate enol lactone), and a hydrolase cleaves this to 3-oxoadipate. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: MetaCyc pathway 3-oxoadipate degradation ( link ) involves activation by CoA (using succinyl-CoA) and a thiolase (succinyltransferase) reaction that splits it to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
  • This is part of a MetaCyc pathway for catechol degradation, link . (lbl.gov)
  • However, the microbial metabolic pathway of the fungicide and the genetic systems driving its degradation by strain P3 remain unknown. (nature.com)
  • 6 identified a gene cluster, hbpCAD , encoding the upper metabolic pathway of OPP which involves the transformation of OPP to 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoateand benzoic acid (BA). (nature.com)
  • In this divergent mode, a metal-dependent dioxygenase channels these dihydroxylated intermediates into one of the two possible pathways: the meta -cleavage pathway or the ortho -cleavage pathway [ 7 - 9 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dienelactone hydrolases play a crucial role in chlorocatechol degradation via the modified ortho cleavage pathway. (inrae.fr)
Characterization3
  • 2003. Characterization of a novel Acinetobacter species containing a toluene dioxygenase. (nih.gov)
  • Substrate specificity of catechol oxidase from Lycopus europaeus and characterization of the bioproducts of enzymic caffeic acid oxidation. (lookformedical.com)
  • 1. Fischer, D., Ebenau-Jehle, C. and Grisebach, H. Phytoalexin synthesis in soybean: purification and characterization of NADPH:2'-hydroxydaidzein oxidoreductase from elicitor-challenged soybean cell cultures. (qmul.ac.uk)
Cleavage1
  • This series of steps is part of protocatechuate para-cleavage, link , or catechol degradation II, link . (lbl.gov)
Gene2
  • For all significantly differentially expressed microRNAs inside of the 2 groups, we now have produced gene sets from their expressed target genes. (pdpksignaling.com)
  • Catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) gene was found andamplified with the designed primers from the total DNA of C-14-1. (researchgate.net)
Extradiol dioxygenase1
  • The two enzymes were identified to be a part of two separate catechol dioxygenase families: 1,2-CTD was classified as an intradiol dioxygenase while 2,3-CTD was classified as an extradiol dioxygenase. (wikipedia.org)
Naphthalene dioxygenase2
  • Crystal structure of naphthalene dioxygenase: side-on binding of dioxygen to iron. (research.com)
  • An integrated approach of bioassay and molecular docking to study the dihydroxylation mechanism of pyrene by naphthalene dioxygenase in Rhodococcus sp. (brenda-enzymes.org)
Benzoate1
Hydrocarbon1
  • Thus, the study revealed that these bacterial strains especially Serratia marcescens XYL7 might possess metabolic genes for in situ aromatic hydrocarbon degradation and surfactant production. (journalarrb.com)
Hydroxylation1
  • Taken with the present results, this suggests that the potential use of inhibitors of prolyl 4-hydroxylase to control excessive collagen deposition in pathological fibrosis may be limited by the need to maintain continuous inhibition of collagen hydroxylation so as to facilitate intracellular degradation of the accumulated protein. (embl.de)
Biodegradation1
  • Based on the complexity of the degradation pathways, the phenomenon of biodegradation is categorized into two types: convergent and divergent modes of degradation (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Toluene1
Enzymes2
  • Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, the centralized degradation pathways mean synthesis of fewer degradative enzymes requiring less metabolic energy. (biomedcentral.com)
Oxidation1
Microbial degradation2
  • To date little is known about the microbial degradation of OPP. (nature.com)
  • The microbial degradation of native lignin by basidiomyce- citrant and stable in the environment. (lu.se)
Dehydrogenase2
  • Dioxygenase NbaC cleaves the aromatic ring, yielding 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde, a decarboxylase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate semialdehyde, a dehydrogenase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate, a deaminase forms (3E)-2-oxo-3-hexenedioate (also known as 2-oxalocrotonate), and a decarboxylase forms (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: Dehydrogenase praB forms 2-hydroxymuconate, tautomerase praC forms (3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate (2-oxalocrotonate), and decarboxylase praD yields 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
Situ1
  • The United States Environmental Protection Agency indicated that implementing in situ degradation will result in cost savings of 50 to 80% over traditional methods such as excavation and landfill incineration (USEPA 2001 ). (springeropen.com)
Metabolism2
  • The bacterial catabolism of orcinol (5-methyl-1,3-benzenediol) can be used as a model for the metabolism of other members of the resorcinol (1,3-benzenediol) compound family. (ethz.ch)
  • These results contribute to a better more biomass-derived carbohydrates are also used for produc- understanding of the aromatic metabolism of P. putida in tion of chemicals, a further valorization of lignin is an essential terms of growth and uptake rates, which will be helpful for component. (lu.se)
Anthranilate2
  • Overview: Tryptophan degradation in GapMind is based on MetaCyc degradation pathways I via anthranilate ( link ), II via pyruvate ( link ), or IX via 3-hydroxyanthranilate ( link ). (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: There are two forms of anthranilate dioxygenase, 3-subunit antABC or 4-subunit andAabcd. (lbl.gov)
Catabolic2
  • Proteins/genes with a putative catabolic role and bacterium adaptation mechanisms during OPP degradation were identified via genomic and proteomic analysis. (nature.com)
  • The second ben/cat operon was located in a 92-kb scaffold along with (i) an operon ( opp ) comprising genes for the transformation of OPP to BA and 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (and genes for its transformation) and (ii) an incomplete biphenyl catabolic operon ( bph ). (nature.com)
Pathways2
  • Pathways X and XIII yield indole-3-propionate, which may spontaneously oxidize to kynurate, but kynurate catabolism is not reported. (lbl.gov)
  • Additional pathways are not included: the fate of 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA is not known ( link ), and anthraniloyl-CoA reductase (the only anaerobic route known, link ) has not been linked to sequence. (lbl.gov)
Genes2
  • nidA and nidB genes are encoding genes for large and small subunits of napthalene-inducible dioxygenase [ 7 , 8 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • B, solute carrier relatives six member 2, solute carrier relatives 18 member one, and transcription factors and homeobox genes involved in neural crest derived cell de velopment, paired like homeobox 2a and 2b, GATA binding protein two and 3, heart and neural crest derivatives expressed two. (pdpksignaling.com)
Substrate1
Pyrene1
  • In the pyrene and fluoranthene degradation experiment using a minimum medium, B. fungorum isolate no. 1 and M. gilvum isolate no. 13 were able to degrade 98.6% + 1.9 of pyrene after 20 days, and 99.9% ± 0.1 after a 16-day incubation period, respectively. (omicsonline.org)
Mechanism1
Bioremediation1
Reaction1
  • In the reverse reaction, the 2'-hydroxyisoflavone (2'-hydroxydaidzein) is reduced to an isoflavanone. (qmul.ac.uk)
Microbiology1
Reduction2
  • this has seen reduction in SO 2 emissions across Europe by more than 60% between 1990 and 2004 (Vestreng et al. (springer.com)
  • reproductive enthusiastic feed 's the Common reduction of 1,3-diaminobenzenes from entirely gradual risks. (xn--drpverein-rahe-vpb.de)
Involves1
  • Catechol degradation to HPD II also involves xylE and HPD, link . (lbl.gov)
Separate1