OrganismsChemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
CatecholsCatechol 2,3-DioxygenaseEstrogens, CatecholCatechol 1,2-DioxygenaseCatechol O-MethyltransferaseDioxygenasesOxygenasesCatechol OxidasePhenolHydroxybenzoatesSorbic AcidEquileninPseudomonasBenzoatesBiodegradation, EnvironmentalPseudomonas putidaBenzenePyrogallolPhenolsBenzoic AcidAdipatesChlorobenzenesCresolsHydroxyestronesTolueneHydroquinonesChlorobenzoatesPlanococcus BacteriaAcinetobacterAlcaligenesRhodococcusMixed Function OxygenasesSiderophoresQuinonesMonophenol MonooxygenasePseudomonas mendocinaOxidation-ReductionToluidinesAdrenochromeGentisatesSalicylatesBenzophenonesNormetanephrineRalstoniaHydroxylationCatecholaminesXylenesGram-Negative Aerobic Rods and CocciSubstrate SpecificityParabensGenes, Bacterial
COMTAromaticPseudomonasDegradation pathwayMeta-cleavageNutrient-sensingEnzymesMetabolic pathwayMethylationMoietyMetaCycDioxygenaseEnzymeIron uptakeGeneSubstrateCompoundMetabolismProtocatechuateDetoxificationMuconic acidBenzoquinonePhenylalanineConjugationCleavageCatecholaminesBenzeneMoleculesCatabolicInhibitorsProteinMethylYieldAntibioticMoietiesCellularNeurotransmittersPrecursorOxidationInvolvesStructureLink
COMT5
  • LD is extensively and rapidly metabolized by peripheral enzymes, namely, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT). (scienceopen.com)
  • Current strategies include concomitant treatment with inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and catechol- O -methyltransferase (COMT) to prolong the peripheral levodopa half-life and increase CNS bioavailability. (scienceopen.com)
  • In humans, catechol- O -methyltransferase protein is encoded by the COMT gene . (en-academic.com)
  • Any compound having a catechol structure, like catecholestrogens and catechol-containing flavonoids, are substrates of COMT. (en-academic.com)
  • cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1, CYP1B1, Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), 17α-hydroxylase and 17, 20-lyase (CYP17) and aromatase (CYP19). (biomedcentral.com)
Aromatic4
  • Catecholamines are any of a group of amines (nitrogen-contain organic compounds) derived from the amino acid tyrosine and containing a catechol group (aromatic chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with two hydroxyl groups). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
  • This is, as far as is known, the first definitive identification of the meta-cleavage pathway for aromatic ring degradation in a eukaryotic alga, though its incidence in other eukaryotes has been (infrequently) suggested. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • For instance, it could be a source of bifunctional aromatic molecules, like the monocyclic compounds catechol or guaiacol, or bifunctional oligomers. (scirp.org)
  • Comment: In pathway I, dioxygenase kynA opens the non-aromatic ring, to N-formyl-L-kynureine, a hydrolase yields L-kynurenine (and formate), and a hydrolase yields anthranilate and L-alanine. (lbl.gov)
Pseudomonas3
  • The conversion of catechol and protocatechuate to beta-ketoadipate by Pseudomonas putida. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of the study was to purify, characterize and predict template-based three-dimensional structure of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (C12O) from indigenous Pseudomonas chlororaphis strain UFB2 ( Pc UFB2). (preprints.org)
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilize 4 - chlorobezoic acid as sole source of carbon and energy, degrading it through ortho ring cleavage pathway. (researchbib.com)
Degradation pathway2
  • Moreover, a dioxygenase gene, nidA3B3, was detected in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 as an alternate degradation pathway which could catalyze both the initial dihydroxylation of pyrene [ 11 ] to be pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol, and an alternate detoxification pyrene pathway to be pyrene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol [ 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • Comment: 3-hydroxyanthranilate degradation is part of L-tryptophan degradation pathway XII ( link ). (lbl.gov)
Meta-cleavage2
  • phenol carbon is thus unequivocally assimilated by the alga, Phenol-grown cultures of O. danica converted phenols to the corresponding catechols, which were further metabolized by the meta-cleavage pathway, This surprising result was rigorously confirmed by taking the working stock culture through a variety of procedures to check that it was axenic and repeating the experiments with algal extracts. (lancs.ac.uk)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation to HPD I (meta-cleavage, link ), dioxygenase xylE converts catechol to (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate (also known as 2-hydroxymuconate 6-semialdehyde). (lbl.gov)
Nutrient-sensing1
  • The primary cellular pathways that mediate the longevity-extending effects of natural products involve nutrient-sensing pathways. (frontiersin.org)
Enzymes4
  • Pharmacogenetic studies of methyltransferase enzymes have resulted in the identification and characterization of functionally important common genetic polymorphisms for catechol O-methyltransferase, thiopurine methyltransferase, and histamine N-methyltransferase. (scienceopen.com)
  • S -alkylation → activation of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway → transcriptional activation → induction of phase 2 enzymes → activation of GSH metabolism → neuroprotection. (thieme-connect.com)
  • It is likely to act as a bioactive compound by exerting reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging activity and/or binding to specific proteins such as oxidative enzymes and transcriptional factors in signal transduction pathways. (rsc.org)
  • 14,15 Conversely, its pro-oxidant activity may enhance cellular defence against oxidants by stimulating the redox-regulated signal transduction pathway which leads to the gene expression of anti-oxidative enzymes such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). (rsc.org)
Metabolic pathway1
  • Characterization and optimization of C12O activity can assist in understanding the 2,4-DCP metabolic pathway in Pc UFB2 and its possible application in bioremediation strategies. (preprints.org)
Methylation1
Moiety1
  • We describe the synthesis of conjugates between a catechol moiety and oxazolidinone antibiotics. (rsc.org)
MetaCyc7
  • Overview: Tryptophan degradation in GapMind is based on MetaCyc degradation pathways I via anthranilate ( link ), II via pyruvate ( link ), or IX via 3-hydroxyanthranilate ( link ). (lbl.gov)
  • The other MetaCyc pathways do not yield fixed carbon or are not reported in prokaryotes, and are not included. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation I ( link ), a dioxygenase cleaves off carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving catechol. (lbl.gov)
  • In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation IV ( link ), anthranilate hydroxylase/monooxygenase (hpaH) yields 3-hydroxyanthranilate. (lbl.gov)
  • In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation III (ortho-cleavage, link ), the 1,2-dioxygenase catA forms cis,cis-muconate, a cycloisomerase forms (+)-muconolactone, an isomerase converts this to (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate (also known as 3-oxoadipate enol lactone), and a hydrolase cleaves this to 3-oxoadipate. (lbl.gov)
  • Comment: MetaCyc pathway 3-oxoadipate degradation ( link ) involves activation by CoA (using succinyl-CoA) and a thiolase (succinyltransferase) reaction that splits it to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
  • This is part of a MetaCyc pathway for catechol degradation, link . (lbl.gov)
Dioxygenase1
  • The pcaH was significant in the β-ketoadipate pathway [9] where the pathway as it conserves biochemically, and is a major class of non-heme-iron containing dioxygenase [ 10 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Enzyme3
  • An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. (lookformedical.com)
  • They synthesized catechol 1, 2 - dioxygense enzyme which is unique its properties to transform catechol to cis, cis - muconic acid. (researchbib.com)
  • A member of the P450 superfamily, this enzyme catalyzes the first oxidative step of the phenylpropanoid pathway in higher PLANTS by transforming trans-cinnamate into p-coumarate. (bvsalud.org)
Iron uptake2
  • The bacterial iron uptake pathway involved in the transport is still to be addressed, but the present data excluded a contribution of the enterobactin transporter PfeA. (rsc.org)
  • This approach allows these antibiotics to be delivered into bacterial cells through a pathway that mimics iron uptake. (hku.hk)
Gene1
Substrate2
Compound2
Metabolism1
  • Catechol can also be formed from benzene dihydrodiol via metabolism by cytosolic dehydrogenases (Henderson et al. (cdc.gov)
Protocatechuate1
  • This series of steps is part of protocatechuate para-cleavage, link , or catechol degradation II, link . (lbl.gov)
Detoxification2
  • 1988). Benzene is initially metabolized by cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidases primarily in the liver via several toxification and detoxification (via conjugation) pathways. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two detoxification pathways. (cdc.gov)
Muconic acid2
  • 1989). The second pathway involving ring-opening leads to the formation of muconic acid, apparently via the precursor muconic dialdehyde. (cdc.gov)
  • Catechol dioxygenases in microorganisms cleave catechol into cis - cis -muconic acid or 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde via the ortho- or meta- pathway, respectively. (preprints.org)
Benzoquinone1
  • The conjugates formed from hydroquinone (hydroquinone glucuronide and hydroquinone sulfate) are markers for this toxification pathway leading to benzoquinone. (cdc.gov)
Phenylalanine1
Conjugation1
  • Methyl conjugation is an important pathway in the biotransformation of many exogenous and endogenous compounds. (scienceopen.com)
Cleavage3
  • Hence, the focus of this work is to clarify the chemical degradation mechanism under hydrothermal conditions, to liquefy lignin delivering high functional molecules and to increase the yield and selectivity of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules like catechol. (scirp.org)
  • this gives the possibility to narrow down the product spectrum in comparison to other "dry" cleavage methods, towards a higher yield of e.g. catechols. (scirp.org)
  • It is also the aim to increase the selectivity and yield of the cleavage towards bifunctional molecules, e.g. catechol. (scirp.org)
Catecholamines1
  • The same biochemical pathway that converts tyrosine to the catecholamines in the adrenal glands occurs in the brain, albeit under different conditions and with different consequences. (life-enhancement.com)
Benzene1
  • Phenol can also be metabolized to catechol and trihydroxy benzene. (cdc.gov)
Molecules3
  • Foreshadowing this seismic change, Nobel Prize winning work on the proteasome ubiquitin pathway had stimulated the development of highly specific proteasome inhibitor small molecules, particularly PS-341 (later named bortezomib). (bvsalud.org)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • The proton-conducting pathway of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) contains at University, PO Box 124 least nine internal water molecules that are thought to be key players in SE-22100 Lund, Sweden the proton translocation mechanism. (lu.se)
Catabolic1
  • For example, pathway IV yields indole-3-lactate, which could potentially be oxidized to indole-3-acetate, which has a known catabolic pathway, but no prokaryotes are known to consume tryptophan this way. (lbl.gov)
Inhibitors1
Protein3
  • Among them, the sirtuin, AMP-activated protein kinase, mammalian target of rapamycin, p53, and insulin/insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling pathways are most widely studied. (frontiersin.org)
  • The catechol/quinone moieties in these monomers are of tremendous interest for functional biomaterials because they provide a convenient motif for fundamental "click"-based surface functionalization that has broad utility for immobilizing ligands for selective protein binding and cell attachment. (confex.com)
  • Start from a set of QM/MM structures (with protein fixed or free) along a reaction pathway. (lu.se)
Methyl2
  • T. H. Rod & U. Ryde (2005) "A method for calculating high-level QM/MM free energies for enzyIf you have Fe ions that may be swapped, run the program mkswaplist with $reddir/pdb3 as the first file and $oxdir/pdb3 as the second file and put the results in a file swap in the Qtcp directory.matic reactions: methyl transfer catalyzed by catechol O-methyltransferase", Phys. (lu.se)
  • T. H. Rod & U. Ryde (2005) "Free energy barriers at the density functional theory level: methyl transfer catalyzed by catechol O-methyltransferase", J. Chem. (lu.se)
Yield1
  • Pathways X and XIII yield indole-3-propionate, which may spontaneously oxidize to kynurate, but kynurate catabolism is not reported. (lbl.gov)
Antibiotic1
  • This incorporation enables the active transport of the antibiotic into bacterial cell through nutrient pathways. (hku.hk)
Moieties2
  • 2 Satoh T, Izumi M, Inukai Y, Tsutumi Y, Nakayama N, Kosaka K, Kitajima C, Itoh K, Yokoi T, Shirasawa T. Carnosic acid protects neuronal HT22 cells through activation of the antioxidant-responsive element in free carboxylic acid- and catechol hydroxyl moieties-dependent manners. (thieme-connect.com)
  • The introduced catechol moieties known from adhesive systems of marine mussels, improved the coating stability and affect both positioning and packing of the photosensitizers, to retain singlet oxygen production. (boernerlab.de)
Cellular1
  • Amino acids also undergo chemical degradation to form major metabolic intermediates that can be converted to glucose (our premier cellular fuel) or oxidized in the Krebs cycle, the biochemical pathway that provides the chemical energy for life. (life-enhancement.com)
Neurotransmitters1
  • Catechol- O -methyltransferase is involved in the inactivation of the catecholamine neurotransmitters ( dopamine , epinephrine , and norepinephrine ). (en-academic.com)
Precursor1
  • Catechol has a high potential as a platform chemical because of two present hydroxy groups and can be used as a precursor to fine chemicals such as perfumes and pharmaceuticals or as a building block in the organic synthesis. (scirp.org)
Oxidation1
  • 12,13 However, its catechol structure ( o -dihydroxyl structure in the B-ring) leads to pro-oxidant properties by generating ROS during its oxidation process, which may result in quinone toxicity. (rsc.org)
Involves1
  • Catechol degradation to HPD II also involves xylE and HPD, link . (lbl.gov)
Structure1
  • Although the primary components of the principle mammalian forms of melanin (pheomelanin and eumelanin) are known, the secondary structure of melanin has not been unambiguously established, but is thought to be based on π-stacked oligomeric units of the ultimate monomeric precursors from the Raper-Mason pathways: 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA). (confex.com)
Link1
  • Pathway XII ( link ) overlaps with pathway I and is also represented. (lbl.gov)