These bacteria subsequently employ 1,2-CTD in the last step of the degradation of aromatic compounds to aliphatic products. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, a dioxygenase gene, nidA3B3, was detected in Mycobacterium vanbaalenii PYR-1 as an alternate degradation pathway which could catalyze both the initial dihydroxylation of pyrene [ 11 ] to be pyrene cis-4,5-dihydrodiol, and an alternate detoxification pyrene pathway to be pyrene cis-1,2-dihydrodiol [ 12 ]. (omicsonline.org)
A number of bacteria that can degrade a variety of aromatic compounds have been identified and the pathways involved in the degradation have been extensively characterized [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Overview: Tryptophan degradation in GapMind is based on MetaCyc degradation pathways I via anthranilate ( link ), II via pyruvate ( link ), or IX via 3-hydroxyanthranilate ( link ). (lbl.gov)
Comment: In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation I ( link ), a dioxygenase cleaves off carbon dioxide and ammonia, leaving catechol. (lbl.gov)
In MetaCyc pathway anthranilate degradation IV ( link ), anthranilate hydroxylase/monooxygenase (hpaH) yields 3-hydroxyanthranilate. (lbl.gov)
Comment: 3-hydroxyanthranilate degradation is part of L-tryptophan degradation pathway XII ( link ). (lbl.gov)
Comment: In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation to HPD I (meta-cleavage, link ), dioxygenase xylE converts catechol to (2Z,4E)-2-hydroxy-6-oxohexa-2,4-dienoate (also known as 2-hydroxymuconate 6-semialdehyde). (lbl.gov)
Catechol degradation to HPD II also involves xylE and HPD, link . (lbl.gov)
In MetaCyc pathway catechol degradation III (ortho-cleavage, link ), the 1,2-dioxygenase catA forms cis,cis-muconate, a cycloisomerase forms (+)-muconolactone, an isomerase converts this to (4,5-dihydro-5-oxofuran-2-yl)-acetate (also known as 3-oxoadipate enol lactone), and a hydrolase cleaves this to 3-oxoadipate. (lbl.gov)
Comment: MetaCyc pathway 3-oxoadipate degradation ( link ) involves activation by CoA (using succinyl-CoA) and a thiolase (succinyltransferase) reaction that splits it to acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA. (lbl.gov)
This series of steps is part of protocatechuate para-cleavage, link , or catechol degradation II, link . (lbl.gov)
This is part of a MetaCyc pathway for catechol degradation, link . (lbl.gov)
Comment: (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD) is a common intermediate in the aerobic degradation of many aromatic compounds. (lbl.gov)
Meta-cleavage2
In this divergent mode, a metal-dependent dioxygenase channels these dihydroxylated intermediates into one of the two possible pathways: the meta -cleavage pathway or the ortho -cleavage pathway [ 7 - 9 ] (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
4-OH-E1 meta-cleavage was catalyzed by a dioxygenase encoded by IM701_20340 or IM701_21000 or IM701_09625. (bvsalud.org)
Extradiol dioxygenase1
The two enzymes were identified to be a part of two separate catechol dioxygenase families: 1,2-CTD was classified as an intradiol dioxygenase while 2,3-CTD was classified as an extradiol dioxygenase. (wikipedia.org)
Subunit1
Comment: There are two forms of anthranilate dioxygenase, 3-subunit antABC or 4-subunit andAabcd. (lbl.gov)
Anthranilate1
Comment: In pathway I, dioxygenase kynA opens the non-aromatic ring, to N-formyl-L-kynureine, a hydrolase yields L-kynurenine (and formate), and a hydrolase yields anthranilate and L-alanine. (lbl.gov)
Cleaves1
Dioxygenase NbaC cleaves the aromatic ring, yielding 2-amino-3-carboxymuconate 6-semialdehyde, a decarboxylase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate semialdehyde, a dehydrogenase forms (2Z,4E)-2-aminomuconate, a deaminase forms (3E)-2-oxo-3-hexenedioate (also known as 2-oxalocrotonate), and a decarboxylase forms (2Z)-2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
Muconic acid2
1,2-CTD uses Fe3+ as a cofactor to cleave the carbon-carbon bond between the phenolic hydroxyl groups of catechol, thus yielding muconic acid as its product. (wikipedia.org)
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of catechol to muconic acid with the use of Fe3+ as a cofactor. (nih.gov)
Pathway3
The pcaH was significant in the β-ketoadipate pathway [9] where the pathway as it conserves biochemically, and is a major class of non-heme-iron containing dioxygenase [ 10 ]. (omicsonline.org)
For example, pathway IV yields indole-3-lactate, which could potentially be oxidized to indole-3-acetate, which has a known catabolic pathway, but no prokaryotes are known to consume tryptophan this way. (lbl.gov)
Pathway VIII yields tryptophol (also known as indole-3-ethanol), which could potentially be oxidized to indole-3-acetate and consumed. (lbl.gov)
Carbon2
In contrast, 2,3-CTD utilizes Fe2+ as a cofactor to cleave the carbon-carbon bond adjacent to the phenolic hydroxyl groups of catechol, thus yielding 2-hydroxymuconaldehye as its product. (wikipedia.org)
The second catechol hydroxyl group on carbon 3 (C3) is coordinated to Fe3+ after its deprotonation by the Tyr200 ligand. (wikipedia.org)
Enzymes1
Oxygenases belong to the oxidoreductive group of enzymes (E.C. Class 1), which oxidize the substrates by transferring oxygen from molecular oxygen (O 2 ) and utilize FAD/NADH/NADPH as the co-substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathways2
Pathways X and XIII yield indole-3-propionate, which may spontaneously oxidize to kynurate, but kynurate catabolism is not reported. (lbl.gov)
Additional pathways are not included: the fate of 2-amino-5-oxocyclohex-1-enecarboxyl-CoA is not known ( link ), and anthraniloyl-CoA reductase (the only anaerobic route known, link ) has not been linked to sequence. (lbl.gov)
Catalyzes1
The enzyme protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (3,4-PCD) catalyzes the ring cleavage of protocatechuate (PCA) in Acinetobacter baylyi. (uni-ulm.de)
Dehydrogenase2
Comment: Dehydrogenase praB forms 2-hydroxymuconate, tautomerase praC forms (3E)-2-oxohex-3-enedioate (2-oxalocrotonate), and decarboxylase praD yields 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate (HPD). (lbl.gov)
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (EstP1), 2-keto-4-pentenoate hydratase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase, TonB-dependent receptor were involved in E2 catabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Derivatives2
In the convergent mode, structurally diverse aromatic compounds are converted to one of a few aromatic ring cleavage substrates such as catechol, gent sate, protocatechuate and their derivatives [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
B, solute carrier relatives six member 2, solute carrier relatives 18 member one, and transcription factors and homeobox genes involved in neural crest derived cell de velopment, paired like homeobox 2a and 2b, GATA binding protein two and 3, heart and neural crest derivatives expressed two. (pdpksignaling.com)
Gene1
For all significantly differentially expressed microRNAs inside of the 2 groups, we now have produced gene sets from their expressed target genes. (pdpksignaling.com)
Acid1
2-keto-4-pentenoic acid might be an emblematic product of such process. (bvsalud.org)
Oxygenases2
Oxygenases can further be grouped into two categories i.e. monooxygenases and dioxygenases on the basis of number of oxygen atoms used for oxidation. (biomedcentral.com)
nidA and nidB genes are encoding genes for large and small subunits of napthalene-inducible dioxygenase [ 7 , 8 ]. (omicsonline.org)
Pseudomonas3
Thus far, 1,2-CTD has been observed to exist in the following species of soil bacteria and fungi: Pseudomonas sp. (wikipedia.org)
the 1,2-CTD enzyme produced by Pseudomonas arvilla is the exception to this rule, containing two highly homologous subunits that can form either a homo- or hetero- dimer. (wikipedia.org)
The catalytic mechanism of catechol 1,2-dioxygenase was elucidated using a combination of O18 labeling experiments and crystallography. (wikipedia.org)
Database1
There are two separate search engines for searching into the database i.e. mono and dioxygenases database respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
Functional1
In this investigation, random PCR mutagenesis has been carried out to explore the functional role of the R133 in 3,4-PCD. (uni-ulm.de)
Expression1
Results from electrophoretic mobility shift assays with purified PcaQ and from expression assays indicated that PcaQ activates expression of the transport system in the presence of protocatechuate. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Show1
The results show that under pH 3-6, the adsorption of U(VI) by YF1 live cells increased with the increase of the pH. (bvsalud.org)