Catastrophic eruption. Medical search. Frequent questions

Mount Vesuvius was responsible for the destruction of the city of Pompeii on August 24, 79 AD and is without a doubt the most famous volcanic eruption in history, even though not the deadliest one, as many people falsely tend to believe. (ancient-origins.net)
Here's an overview of how volcanic eruptions happen, a look back at Mount Vesuvius and an update on Yellowstone Caldera. (yahoo.com)
Pompeii wasn't the only city destroyed in a volcanic eruption of Mount Vesuvius. (worldatlas.com)
The most recent catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius happened in the year 1944 after 26 people were proclaimed dead. (worldatlas.com)
Mount Vesuvius is best known for a catastrophic eruption in 79 A.D. that destroyed the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum . (nasa.gov)
Scientists have posted a $250,000 reward to anyone who can decipher a series of 2,000-year-old manuscripts that were burned during the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy. (naturalnews.com)

Amid threat of catastrophic volcano eruption, 'no pasa nada' serves as mantra for Mexi. (nbclosangeles.com)
And, of course, everyone remembers the Kīlauea volcano eruption and Hurricane Lane in May and August of last year. (cdc.gov)

Although outbreaks after flooding ( 11 ) have been better documented than those after earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, or tsunamis ( 12 ), natural disasters (regardless of type) that do not result in population displacement are rarely associated with outbreaks ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Volcanic rocks are erupted as lava flows or lava domes during nonexplosive (effusive) eruptions or as shattered bits of rock (volcanic ash, tephra, and volcanic bombs which are collectively called pyroclasts) during explosive eruptions. (nps.gov)
Stirring young hot magma into older, cooler magma appears to be a common event before these explosive eruptions. (southampton.ac.uk)

This cataclysmic eruption , which occurred on May 18, 1980, is the most significant volcanic eruption in the contiguous U.S. in recent history. (yahoo.com)

We can estimate the size of an eruption by looking at the amount of sulfuric acid that has fallen," Svensson explained. (naturalnews.com)
Used to measure the size of an eruption/explosion and on a scale of 0 to 8. (summitpost.org)

They are also the source of some of the most catastrophic geologic processes on Earth-supereruptions, and as such are considered among the most hazardous volcanoes on Earth. (nature.com)
The research published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters revealed volcanic lightning appears to occur most frequently around volcanoes with large ash plumes, particularly during active stages of the eruption. (express.co.uk)
The phenomenon has been recorded at many recent volcanic eruptions including Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull, Japan's Sakurajima, Italy's Mt. Etna, and Chile's Puyehue, Calbuco and Chaiten volcanoes. (express.co.uk)
Scientists can forecast volcanic eruptions, but volcanoes are unpredictable as their behavior can change. (yahoo.com)
The Smithsonian Institute said scientists monitor volcanic behavior and historic patterns to forecast volcanic eruptions, but "few volcanoes maintain the same behavior for long (more often than not, as soon as a repetitive pattern becomes apparent, the volcano changes behavior). (yahoo.com)
The Smithsonian Institute's Global Volcanism Project said in 2023, there are 56 active volcanoes with 56 total eruptions. (yahoo.com)
In 2022, there were 80 active volcanoes with 85 total eruptions. (yahoo.com)
In 2021, there were 76 active volcanoes and 81 total eruptions. (yahoo.com)
Volcanoes do not work in predictable ways and their eruptions do not follow predictable schedules. (usgs.gov)
History shows, however, that volcanoes in Indonesia have a worrisome potential for catastrophic eruptions. (notrickszone.com)
The recent eruptions in Iceland , vividly captured through dramatic drone footage , have drawn public attention to the immense power of volcanoes. (theconversation.com)

But perhaps the most famous of all is the eruption of Vesuvius in Italy, in AD79, which sealed the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum beneath layers of ash. (theconversation.com)
The catastrophic impact of Vesuvius effectively froze the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum in time, like insects trapped in amber. (theconversation.com)
Work at Pompeii and Herculaneum has shown the temperatures experienced following the eruption were around 300°C-400°C, certainly not as hot as in a cremation. (theconversation.com)

The volcano's eruption destroyed the Roman city of Pompeii in 79 A.D. and buried hundreds of texts from the Herculaneum library. (naturalnews.com)

Supervolcanoes like Toba Caldera, Sumatra, produce the largest eruptions on Earth. (nature.com)
First, we resolve the ages of post-caldera eruptions that constrain the initiation of resurgence and recovery from the climactic supereruption of 74 ka. (nature.com)
Then we show that these post-caldera eruptions sampled the cold "halo" of a long-lived warm magma system and erupted under subsolidus conditions without thermal remobilization. (nature.com)
Following the eruption, the ground collapsed, leaving the modern caldera, which filled with water to make Lake Toba. (nasa.gov)
I don't know if you can imagine an undersea caldera eruption. (neatorama.com)
Since the most recent giant ( caldera-forming ) eruption 631,000 years ago, approximately 80 relatively nonexplosive eruptions have occurred. (usgs.gov)
Of these eruptions, at least 27 were rhyolite lava flows in the caldera, 13 were rhyolite lava flows outside the caldera, and 40 were basalt vents outside the caldera. (usgs.gov)
The Las Cañadas volcanic caldera on Tenerife, in the Canary Islands, has generated at least eight major eruptions during the last 700,000 years. (southampton.ac.uk)
The very presence of mushy nodules in the pyroclastic deposits suggests that the magma chamber empties itself during the eruption, and the chamber then collapses in on itself forming the caldera. (southampton.ac.uk)
Further east is Askja caldera, a dramatic ring of mountains formed largely in the aftermath of a catastrophic 1875 eruption. (frommers.com)

The researchers were able to identify 85 of the volcanic eruptions as large global eruptions with 69 of them estimated to be bigger than the 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in Indonesia , the largest volcanic eruption in recorded human history. (naturalnews.com)
Along the southern archipelago of Indonesia, several catastrophic volcanic eruptions have also occurred. (earth.com)
This study examined factors correlated with child undernutrition in rural communities affected by the Sinabung Eruptions in Indonesia. (bvsalud.org)

An enormous volcanic eruption in Iceland launched massive amounts of ash into the sky. (rd.com)
While such an eruption could hypothetically happen any time, people have had to settle with disaster films and books when it comes to truly enormous volcanic eruptions in the modern age. (naturalnews.com)

These doomsayers are fueled by a number of scientists (usually Arctic observational specialists) who continue to express concern - due to an increasing number of troubling, if not yet catastrophic, rumblings coming from the Arctic carbon store. (blogspot.com)
Generally speaking, as a volcanic eruption approaches, scientists have a better chance of being able to predict when it'll occur. (yahoo.com)
Scientists are still developing ways to better predict volcanic eruptions. (yahoo.com)
USGS scientists recount their experiences before, during and after the May 18, 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. (usgs.gov)
Last October, NASA scientists announced its Solar Shield program to monitor solar eruptions and predict storms. (popsci.com)
Scientists have also identified about 250 NEOs with at least a 2-kilometer diameter (closer to the probable threshold for globally catastrophic impacts), and scientists say there are probably another dozen yet to be identified. (earthmagazine.org)
How far in advance could scientists predict an eruption of the Yellowstone volcano? (usgs.gov)
For this reason, there is a great deal of interest in mapping the significant eruptions of the past since they can assist scientists to look into the future. (naturalnews.com)
Scientists from the University of Southampton have identified a repeating trigger for the largest explosive volcanic eruptions on Earth. (southampton.ac.uk)
By analysing crystal cumulate nodules (igneous rocks formed by the accumulation of crystals in magma) discovered in pyroclastic deposits of major eruptions, the scientists found that pre-eruptive mixing within the magma chamber - where older cooler magma mixed with younger hotter magma - appears to be the repeating trigger in large-scale eruptions. (southampton.ac.uk)
Word of a 'mega-eruption' is making the rounds among scientists. (notrickszone.com)

They strike with comparable force to the volcanic eruption at Indonesia's Mount Tambora in 1815, the largest recorded in human history. (earthmagazine.org)
A rough estimate indicates that there is three times more magma than what was ejected by the Indonesian volcano Tambora in 1815 - the biggest eruption in the last 10,000 years, which led to a cooling of the climate globally. (notrickszone.com)

Our modelling suggests cold storage of feldspar antecrysts prior to eruption for a maximum duration of around 5 and 13 thousand years at between 280 °C and 500 °C. We propose that the solidified carapace of remnant magma after the Youngest Toba Tuff eruption erupted in a subsolidus state, without being thermally remobilized or rejuvenated. (nature.com)
Large calderas are collapse structures formed by the catastrophic evacuation of magma from the tops of upper crustal silicic magma reservoirs. (nature.com)
Magma has destroyed at least four buildings and intense lightning flashes have intensified the heat and spectacle of the volcanic eruption. (express.co.uk)
Volcanic eruptions have to do with magma. (yahoo.com)
Eruptions occur when magma builds up in these chambers and reaches the top. (yahoo.com)
The U.S. Department of the Interior said, "The explosivity of an eruption depends on the composition of the magma. (yahoo.com)
Explosive volcanic eruptions can cause gases to escape and tephra - pieces of magma which range from tiny particles to house-size boulders - to move through the air, per the U.S. Department of the Interior . (yahoo.com)
These nodules trapped and preserved the final magma beneath the volcano immediately before eruption. (southampton.ac.uk)
Dr Rex Taylor, Senior Lecturer in Ocean and Earth Science at the University of Southampton, investigated nodules and their trapped magma to see what caused the eruptions. (southampton.ac.uk)
Rims of crystals in the nodules grew from a very different magma, indicating a major mixing event occurred immediately before eruption. (southampton.ac.uk)
That's highly important because when magma reacts with, for instance, the limestone that's found in central Java right under the volcano, the magma becomes full to bursting point with carbon dioxide and water, and the eruptions get more explosive. (earth.com)

Natural disasters are catastrophic events with atmospheric, geologic, and hydrologic origins. (cdc.gov)
The Mount St. Helens eruption in 1980 ranks among the most significant geologic events of the 20th century for both the United States and the world. (usgs.gov)
Loss of their colleague David A. Johnston and 56 others in the eruption cast a pall over one of the most dramatic geologic moments in American history. (usgs.gov)

Additionally, each of the these eruptions had a high VEI (Volcanic Explosivity Index) and high sulphur dioxide amounts in the ejecta. (realclimate.org)

Occurring near populated areas and in the age of television, people throughout the United States and around the globe were captivated at images of the volcano's catastrophic eruption, the devastation, and the stories of impacted lives. (usgs.gov)

but the original name - Monte della Ruina, "mountain of devastation" - more accurately refers to the catastrophic impact of this eruption. (scienceblogs.com)
The scale of the eruptions we describe has the potential to cause devastation on the heavily populated island of Tenerife and major economic repercussions for the wider European community. (southampton.ac.uk)

Most flank eruptions are predominantly effusive - that is, characterized by the emission of lava flows, and explosive activity during these events is often limited to Strombolian explosions or mild spattering. (scienceblogs.com)

Svensson and his fellow researchers managed to evaluate the quantity and intensity of volcanic eruptions over the last 60,000 years by analyzing ice cores drilled in Antarctica and Greenland. (naturalnews.com)

Several minor earthquakes ranging from 2 to 3.6 on the moment magnitude scale were reported near the island in the two weeks before the eruption. (wikipedia.org)
Let's take a look at four of the most probable global catastrophes that could change life on Earth forever: asteroid impacts, super-eruptions, solar storms and earthquakes. (earthmagazine.org)

Here we use Bayesian statistical analysis and inverse thermal history modelling of feldspar argon-argon and zircon uranium-thorium/helium ages to investigate resurgence after the 74-thousand-year-old Youngest Toba Tuff eruption. (nature.com)
New research refutes a recent theory that there is archaeological evidence for the presence of modern humans in southern Asia before the super-eruption of the Mount Toba volcano in Sumatra. (sciencedaily.com)
There were people in India before the Toba eruption, because there are stone tools there, but they could have been Neanderthals -- or some other pre-modern population," he adds. (sciencedaily.com)

By comparison, even the smallest of these eruptions expelled over 25 times more material than the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull, Iceland. (southampton.ac.uk)

The recent behavior of Etna is characterized by nearly continuous eruptive activity from the summit craters and eruptions from new vents on the flanks at intervals of a few years to decades. (scienceblogs.com)

1 Rapid health assessments have been conducted by the Philippine Field Epidemiology Training Program (FETP) since 1990 for events such as typhoons, volcanic eruptions, flash floods and man-made disasters such as a chemical spill from a sunken ship, a trash slide in a dump site and the post-armed conflict in Zamboanga City. (who.int)

The Tambora eruption discharged so many sulfuric acid into the stratosphere that it blocked sunlight and caused global cooling in the following years. (naturalnews.com)
Tambora-sized eruptions appear to erupt once or twice every thousand years, so the wait for that may be shorter," said Svensson. (naturalnews.com)

Conspicuous pyroclastic cones (also called cinder cones or scoria cones) are formed during such explosive activity, which can be up to a few hundred meters tall, like the prominent double-peaked Monti Rossi cone formed during the unusually voluminous and explosive 1669 eruption on the south flank of Etna. (scienceblogs.com)
These catastrophic events have resulted in eruption columns of over 25km high and expelled widespread pyroclastic material over 130km. (southampton.ac.uk)

The map below shows the extent of historical lava flows, distinguishing those of flank eruptions (in different shades of pink, yellow and red) from those emitted during summit eruptions (in green). (scienceblogs.com)
Map of historical lava flows of Etna, distinguishing summit from flank eruptions. (scienceblogs.com)

Around 1,500 years ago, a powerful volcanic eruption laid waste to what is now El Salvador, sending the Maya civilisation into a temporary period of decline. (gizmodo.com.au)
After being buried in ash for more than 1,900 years, new victims of the devastating eruption in the Pompeii area have been discovered, including two pregnant women and their newborn or late-term fetuses. (ancient-origins.net)
‌One of the most catastrophic events since humans evolved, it happened approximately 74,000 years ago. (sciencedaily.com)
‌However, a team of archaeologists excavating in India then claimed to have found evidence that modern humans were there before the eruption -- possibly as early as 120,000 years ago, much earlier than Europe or the Near East were colonised. (sciencedaily.com)
Around 70,000 years ago, the Earth was rocked by the largest volcanic eruption to have occurred in the past 2 million years. (nasa.gov)
The principle impact is a couple of years of cooling (since sulphates are reflective), but related changes in dynamics can cause 'winter warming' in Europe, and there are hints in the paleo-record of an impact on El Nino events - the probability of one may double after a big tropical eruption ( Adams et al, 2003 ). (realclimate.org)
The most recent volcanic eruption at Yellowstone, a lava flow on the Pitchstone Plateau, occurred 70,000 years ago. (usgs.gov)
The science of forecasting a volcanic eruption has significantly advanced over the past 25 years. (usgs.gov)
Many of these were larger than any eruption over the last 2,500 years," said Anders Svensson of the University of Copenhagen 's Niels Bohr Institute. (naturalnews.com)
Estimates of volcanic eruptions more than 2,500 years ago have been linked with great doubt and a lack of accuracy up to now. (naturalnews.com)
Over the past three years, research questions about biological relationships, dietary resource use, and disease load among those people killed by the eruption have been at the center of this project. (archaeological.org)
This volcano has claimed nearly 2,000 lives in the last 100 years, with the latest eruption killing 400 people. (earth.com)
Within a climatic background, we found that VNCU of the QTP tends to decrease after large volcanic eruptions, lasting until about 3 years, with a maximum decrease value occurring in the following 1 year. (bvsalud.org)

The South Pacific archipelago has remained largely isolated from the world since the eruption, which cut its main undersea communications cable. (afr.com)

Its last major eruption occurred in 1944. (nasa.gov)

Today, in 1980, Mount St. Helens unleashed the most devastating eruption in U.S. history. (usgs.gov)

After that, the Italian government organized non stop observation of the volcano and also included very rigorous evacuation rules in case another eruption occurs. (worldatlas.com)

A Cambridge University study published in November 2018 theorized that a volcanic eruption triggered the widespread darkness. (rd.com)
So for tropical eruptions, the effects both last longer and are more widespread than for equally explosive high-latitude eruptions. (realclimate.org)

Are volcanic eruptions predictable? (yahoo.com)

Some flank eruptions, however, show much more intense explosive activity, like the 2001 and 2002-2003 eruptions, and a number of previous eruptions as in 1852-1853, 1879, 1886, and 1892. (scienceblogs.com)
Shindell et al 2004 ), the water vapour feedback as the planet cools (Soden et al, 2001), the impact of high-latitude eruptions ( Oman et al, 2005 ), impacts on ENSO ( Mann et al, 2005 ) and have shown that the models work pretty well. (realclimate.org)

However, there are a number of conditions that need to be fulfilled before an eruption will show up in the climate record. (realclimate.org)
Powerful volcanic eruptions can change global climate as there is usually a five to 10-year cooling period that follows. (naturalnews.com)
Ice cores contain information about temperatures before and after the eruptions, which allows us to calculate the effect on climate. (naturalnews.com)
As large eruptions tell us a lot about how sensitive our planet is to changes in the climate system, they can be useful for climate predictions," Svensson explained. (naturalnews.com)
The spatial and temporal patterns of the VNCU were mainly driven by the post-eruption climate and moderated by the negative phase trends of El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. (bvsalud.org)

We can use geophysics to monitor the processes that result in catastrophic events. (ed.ac.uk)
Now the mines are an open record of the catastrophic events that created the place. (neatorama.com)

For most people, the mention of a volcanic eruption evokes doomsday story lines that include roaring explosions, dark ash puffing up into the stratosphere and gooey lava covering everything in its way as terrified humans run for their lives. (naturalnews.com)

Are We Prepared for a Catastrophic Solar Storm? (popsci.com)
This is the largest volcabo in the solar System and because this is on another planet it makes it a planetary eruption. (scienceblogs.com)

The volcanic eruption, a catastrophic spectacle, sculpts the earth and even casts its shadow globally through darkened skies. (yankodesign.com)

However, the magmatic conditions and processes during the period of recovery after catastrophic supereruptions, known as resurgence, are poorly understood. (nature.com)
Co-author of the study, Dr Tom Gernon, Lecturer in Ocean and Earth Science at the University of Southampton, says: "The analysis of crystal nodules from the volcano documents the final processes and changes immediately prior to eruption - those triggering the catastrophic eruptions. (southampton.ac.uk)
Our results emphasized the response and recovery processes of VNCU to volcanic eruptions without the strong anthropogenic forcings, while the influence mechanisms of natural forcing on VNCU should receive more attention. (bvsalud.org)

Tonga's small outlying islands have sustained major damage from a massive volcanic eruption and tsunami, the United Nations said on Tuesday, with downed communications and a blanket of ash hampering rescue efforts. (afr.com)
Tonga's main airport, Fua'amotu International Airport, was not damaged in Saturday's eruption and tsunami but heavy ash fall is preventing full operations, hampering international relief efforts. (afr.com)
The eruption sent tsunami waves across the Pacific Ocean and was heard about 2300 kilometres away in New Zealand. (afr.com)

Flank eruptions represent a considerable hazard for the populated areas on the lower flanks of the mountain, which are home to approximately one million people. (scienceblogs.com)
And people may now be wondering when the next of these gigantic eruptions will happen. (naturalnews.com)
A single eruption killed over 23,000 people on November 13, 1985. (summitpost.org)
The biggest known eruptions occurred in 1006, 1369, 1786, 1822, 1872 - destroying a large number of villages - and 1930 when 1300 people perished. (notrickszone.com)

Earlier documented eruptions of this volcano include several reported in the 18th and 19th centuries, the most recent (before 2007) in 1883, and possibly one in 1332. (wikipedia.org)

Whenever a really large eruption occurs, sulfuric acid is ejected into the upper atmosphere, which is then distributed globally - including onto Greenland and Antarctica. (naturalnews.com)

According to the University of Copenhagen physicists who were responsible for the research, these ancient eruptions "can teach us about our planet's sensitivity to Earth change. (naturalnews.com)
The book is peppered with descriptions of catastrophic earth changes, including volcanic eruptions, strange weather, and rapid sea level changes. (sacred-texts.com)

Learn more: Yellowstone Eruption History The evolution of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcani Field: Past, present, and future! (usgs.gov)
Ice cores drilled in Antarctica and Greenland have shown colossal volcanic eruptions during the Ice Age, with many of them bigger than any eruption in modern history. (naturalnews.com)
The Las Cañadas volcano is an IAVCEI (International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior) Decade Volcano - identified by the international community as being worthy of particular study in light of their history of large, destructive eruptions and proximity to populated area. (southampton.ac.uk)
History has recorded eruptions so spectacular they've never been forgotten. (theconversation.com)

Until 1911, there was a single large crater at the summit, about half a kilometer wide, and truncating a broad cone about 300 m tall, which had grown since a major summit collapse accompanying the large 1669 flank eruption. (scienceblogs.com)

Typhoon Haiyan caused thousands of deaths and catastrophic destruction, leaving many homeless in Region 8 of the Philippines. (who.int)

Looking at the incredibly lush tropical vegetation that covers much of the landscape, it is difficult to picture the complete destruction of plant and animal life-including human populations-that would have resulted from the eruption. (nasa.gov)

In each case, the eruption was so strong that significant amounts of sulphur dioxide (which gets converted to sulphate aerosols) were carried up into the stratosphere (12 to 15 km above the ground). (realclimate.org)
This can happen equally well in the mid and high latitudes, but the key factor in tropical eruptions is that the circulation of the stratosphere (rising in the tropics, subsidence in the high latitudes) favors the worldwide dispersion of tropical sulphates, but pushes high-latitude sulphates right back down again. (realclimate.org)

How much volcanic activity has there been at Yellowstone since the most recent giant eruption? (usgs.gov)

The refugio was blown away from the volcanic eruption. (summitpost.org)
The east face used to be the most challenging route and required ascending an icefall, but all the ice was probably blown away by the 1985 eruption. (summitpost.org)

On one side of this debate are those declaring the apocalypse is nigh due to, what they think, is an inevitable catastrophic methane release driven by an unprecedentedly rapid human warming of the Arctic. (blogspot.com)

Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. (yahoo.com)

The Red Cross said it was mobilising its network to respond to what it called the worst volcanic eruption the Pacific has experienced in decades. (afr.com)

Ruiz hasn't had any major eruptions since 1985, but the mountain could still blow at any time and has had several small eruptions. (summitpost.org)
Linked to major volcanic eruptions around 536 and 540 CE, the onset of the Late Antique Little Ice Age has been described as the coldest period of the past two millennia. (bvsalud.org)

We haven't experienced any of history's largest volcanic eruptions . (naturalnews.com)

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