Ruthenium-Catalyzed OxidationMethane oxidationReactionAlcoholsCatalystsCatalytic oxidationDioxygenMechanismSynthesisCatalysisSelectiveEthersReductionReactions involveOxidativeChromiumSulfurRedoxSelectivityCleavageCarbon DioxideHydroxylationH2O2PalladiumAminesMechanisticElectronInvolveKetonesEnzymeSaltsInsightFormationFattySpeciesWaterIronNeutralActivationPhaseAnalysisHighlyTypeComplexRole
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidation1
- Ruthenium-Catalyzed Oxidation of Silyl Ethers to Silyl Esters" by Alicia M. Weinhofer, Houston D. Cole et al. (furman.edu)
Methane oxidation7
- Here, the predominant exposure of c-surface was controlled, and its influences in methane oxidation reactions (combustion and oxidative coupling over HAP and lead-substituted HAP (Pb-HAP), respectively) were studied. (osti.gov)
- The present study explored the effects of HAP crystal orientation in methane oxidation reactions, which revealed distinct catalytic behaviors of crystal surfaces in HAP-based materials. (osti.gov)
- article{osti_1543698, title = {Effects of Controlled Crystalline Surface of Hydroxyapatite on Methane Oxidation Reactions}, author = {Oh, Su Cheun and Xu, Jiayi and Tran, Dat T. and Liu, Bin and Liu, Dongxia}, abstractNote = {Hydroxyapatite (HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) has a hexagonal prismatic structure that exposes two crystalline surfaces: prism-faceted a- and basal-faceted c-surfaces. (osti.gov)
- Researchers have discovered a microorganism that couples the reduction of iron to methane oxidation, and could thus be relevant in controlling greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. (sciencedaily.com)
- Researchers at Radboud University and the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology in Bremen discovered a microorganism that couples the reduction of iron to methane oxidation, and could thus be relevant in controlling greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. (sciencedaily.com)
- Kartal adds, "Based on the genetic blueprint of these microorganisms, we hypothesized that they could also convert particulate iron coupled to methane oxidation. (sciencedaily.com)
- These findings fill one of the remaining gaps in our understanding of anaerobic methane oxidation. (sciencedaily.com)
Reaction4
- These polymaleimide derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups, which was confirmed by tracing the reaction with GC-MS using maleimide as the catalyst and by FT-IR analysis with polymaleimide as the catalyst. (nature.com)
- A facile synthesis of imidazo[4,5- b ]pyridines and -pyrazines is described using a Pd-catalyzed amide coupling reaction. (acs.org)
- Antioxidants are compounds that inhibit oxidation (usually occurring as autoxidation ), a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals . (wikipedia.org)
- Yes, the also use ATP and luciferase which catalyzes this oxidation reaction. (answers.com)
Alcohols7
- 5) Enantioselective oxidations are typically either kinetic resolutions of chiral alcohols or desymmetrization reactions. (wikipedia.org)
- This section describes the most commonly used conditions for the stoichiometric and catalytic oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds with oxoammonium salts. (wikipedia.org)
- Although a wide variety of alcohols may be oxidized using TEMPO, competitive oxidation of more electron-rich functionality sometimes takes place. (wikipedia.org)
- thus, selective stoichiometric oxidation of unactivated alcohols in the presence of these functional groups is not possible. (wikipedia.org)
- A paper on the review of biomimetic homogeneous oxidation of organic compounds catalyzed by metalloporphyrins with green oxidants such as dioxygen or hydrogen peroxide, in which the oxidized substrates include alkanes, olefins, alcohols, aldehydes, and sulfides. (free-ebooks.net)
- The selective metal-catalyzed oxidation of alkanes to alcohols offers immense opportunities for saving energy and reducing waste in the petroleum and chemical manufacturing industries. (caltech.edu)
- A hypothetical catalytic cycle for the selective oxidation of alkanes to alcohols by dioxygen may be based on the activation of C-H bonds at Pt(II) centers, coupled with additional known organoplatinum chemistry. (caltech.edu)
Catalysts4
- Among the above transformations, active sites on the carbon catalysts toward selective oxidation or catalytic reduction include -C-OH and -C=O. The oxidation or reduction reactions can be realized via the recycling of the -C-OH and -C=O groups. (nature.com)
- Catalytic performance exploration showed that these polymaleimide (PMI) derivatives can be active catalysts for the selective oxidation of heterocyclic compounds to quinoline and indole via the recycling of -C=O and -C-OH groups. (nature.com)
- These results provide strong inspiration to design molecularly defined heterogeneous catalysts for selective oxidation reactions, and the key to realizing this idea is the development of a method to synthesize molecularly defined heterogeneous catalytic materials. (nature.com)
- A family of imine-based nonheme iron(II) complexes (LX)2Fe(OTf)2 has been prepared, characterized, and employed as C-H oxidation catalysts. (udg.edu)
Catalytic oxidation1
- In this chapter, we discuss the experimental and computational studies that have led to detailed mechanistic understanding of C–H activation and functionalization by both the original Shilov system and the many subsequent modifications that have been developed, and assess the prospects for practical, selective catalytic oxidation of alkanes using this chemistry. (caltech.edu)
Dioxygen2
- Overall, a single molecule of dioxygen mediates the oxidation of two equivalents of alcohol, with the formation of two equivalents of water. (wikipedia.org)
- Cyanide catalyzes the reduction of dioxygen or of ferricytochrome c by dihydroxyacetone phosphate. (elsevierpure.com)
Mechanism6
- The mechanism of oxidation under weakly basic (pyridine) conditions is similar, except that pyridine neutralizes the hydroxyammonium species, and this intermediate "comproportionates" with oxoammonium salt to give nitroxide radicals and pyridinium salts (see equation (3) below). (wikipedia.org)
- The mechanism of oxidation of the nitroxide radical depends on the terminal oxidant employed. (wikipedia.org)
- Students practice assigning oxidation states to complexes with aquo, oxo, superoxo, and hydroperoxo ligands then use this information to analyze a proposed water oxidation mechanism from the literature. (ionicviper.org)
- Mashino, T & Fridovich, I 1987, ' Mechanism of the cyanide-catalyzed oxidation of α-ketoaldehydes and α-ketoalcohols ', Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics , vol. 252, no. 1, pp. 163-170. (elsevierpure.com)
- Intrinsic to this hydrogen-abstraction mechanism for water oxidation is an intimate structural and functional relationship between the metal site and YZ, which predicts that the local. (lu.se)
- Intrinsic to this hydrogen-abstraction mechanism for water oxidation is an intimate structural and functional relationship between the metal site and YZ, which predicts that the local YZ environment will be sensitive to the composition and integrity of the metal cluster. (lu.se)
Synthesis2
- A recyclable, bifunctional iron nanocomposite catalyzes an efficient synthesis of α-keto acids via oxidation of alkenes using TBHP as oxidant. (organic-chemistry.org)
- Copper- and Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation Reactions for the Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridines. (acs.org)
Catalysis1
Selective2
- H Bond Activation at Pt(II): A Route to Selective Alkane Oxidation? (caltech.edu)
- Chemical Recycling of Polystyrene to Valuable Chemicals via Selective Acid-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation under Visible Light. (bvsalud.org)
Ethers2
- B. M. Choudary, A. D. Prasad, V. Bhuma and V. Swapna, "Chromium-Pillared Clay as a Catalyst for Benzylic Oxidation and Oxidative Deprotection of Benzyl Ethers and Benzylamines: a Simple and Convenient Procedure," The Journal of Organic Chemistry, Vol. 57, No. 22, 1992, pp. 5841-5844. (scirp.org)
- Direct oxidation of silyl ethers to silyl esters, using RuO 4 formed in situ, is reported. (furman.edu)
Reduction1
- Phase I reactions are reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions carried out via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. (hindawi.com)
Reactions involve2
- Oxoammonium-catalyzed oxidation reactions involve the conversion of organic substrates to more highly oxidized materials through the action of an N-oxoammonium species. (wikipedia.org)
- Experimental evidence is provided that reactions involve initial oxidation of the complexes to the ferric state, and it is proposed that a ligand arm dissociates to enable hydrogen peroxide binding and activation. (udg.edu)
Oxidative2
- It catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of coelenterazine to produce coelenteramide via an excited state intermediate, which upon relaxation to the ground state emits blue light (475 nm) (Figure 2). (neb.com)
- Inflammation often exacerbates the oxidative stress, creating a self-perpetuating, vicious cycle of oxidation and inflammation [ 20 , 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
Chromium2
- J. Muzart and A. N'Ait Ajjou, "Chromium-Promoted Benzylic Oxidations by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide: A New Catalyst and a Comparison of the Different Procedures," Synthetic Communications, Vol. 23, No. 15, 1993, pp. 2113-2118. (scirp.org)
- S. Boitsov, A. Riahi and J. Muzart, "Chromium(VI) Oxide-Catalysed Oxidations by tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide Using Benzotrifluoride as Solvent," Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences-Series IIC-Chemistry, Vol. 3, No. 9, 2000, pp. 747-750. (scirp.org)
Sulfur1
Redox2
- Cu ions can undergo redox reactions, switching between the +1 and +2 oxidation states. (chalmers.se)
- Photosynthetic water oxidation catalyzed by Photosystem II takes place at a site that comprises a redox-active tyrosine, YZ, a tetramanganese cluster, and, in addition to its redox components, two inorganic cofactors, calcium and chloride. (lu.se)
Selectivity2
- In addition, the site selectivity of oxidation of polyols may differ depending on the conditions used. (wikipedia.org)
- Of note, the choice of RPs not only affect the substrate conversion rate but also the type and selectivity of reactions catalyzed by P450s 7 . (nature.com)
Cleavage1
- Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of β-lactam rings in penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, and carbapenems were first described by Abraham and Chain in 1940. (cdc.gov)
Carbon Dioxide1
- Formate de-hydrogenases (FDHs) catalyze the two-electron oxidation of formate to carbon dioxide. (iucr.org)
Hydroxylation1
- Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the hydroxylation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to produce uric acid. (medscape.com)
H2O21
- LX)2Fe(OTf)2 efficiently catalyze the oxidation of alkyl C-H bonds employing H2O2 as a terminal oxidant. (udg.edu)
Palladium1
- Applications of Palladium-Catalyzed C-N Cross-Coupling Reactions. (acs.org)
Amines1
- Attack of the substrate alkoxide on either nitrogen or oxygen may occur, although the former is believed to operate on the basis of on observations of oxidations of N-alkoxy amines (which, presumably, proceed via intermediate 1). (wikipedia.org)
Mechanistic4
- A mechanistic study is presented, providing evidence that C-H oxidations are metal-based. (udg.edu)
- Taken together, these structures provide mechanistic insights into CHMO-catalyzed Baeyer−Villiger oxidation. (acs.org)
- This perspective focuses on two areas that have yielded new useful information during the last 20 years: (i) structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of contact allergy based on the concept of hapten-protein binding and (ii) mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
- mechanistic investigations regarding activation of nonsensitizing compounds to contact allergens by air oxidation or skin metabolism. (cdc.gov)
Electron1
- 1) One-electron oxidation of the nitroxide produces a highly electrophilic oxoammonium species, which serves as the active oxidizing agent. (wikipedia.org)
Involve1
- 3) Nitroxide-catalyzed oxidations involve N-oxoammonium intermediates as the active oxidizing agent. (wikipedia.org)
Ketones1
Enzyme1
- An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-GLUTAMATE in the presence of NAD. (bvsalud.org)
Salts1
- 6) Oxidations using oxoammonium salts may be carried out either in the stoichiometric or catalytic mode under acidic or basic conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Insight1
Formation1
- CYP96T1 was also shown to catalyzed formation of the para-ortho' phenol coupled product, N -demethylnarwedine, as less than 1% of the total product. (frontiersin.org)
Fatty1
- Some fatty foods such as olive oil are partially protected from oxidation by their natural content of antioxidants. (wikipedia.org)
Species1
- Free Cu ions can therefore catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may damage biomolecules. (chalmers.se)
Water1
Neutral2
- Under neutral or slightly acidic conditions (in the presence of silica gel, for instance), oxidation occurs by an initial hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and the oxoammonium nitrogen, followed by concerted proton transfer and hydride abstraction. (wikipedia.org)
- IrCl(C 8 H 12 )] 2 catalyzed the hydrolytic oxidation of organosilanes to the corresponding silanols under essentially neutral and mild conditions with high efficiency. (organic-chemistry.org)
Activation1
Phase1
- The molecules that catalyze phase II reactions can be further classified as "direct" or "indirect. (hindawi.com)
Analysis1
- The authors present a comprehensive analysis of a number of oxoammonium salt mediated oxidations. (wikipedia.org)
Highly3
- Unsaturated fats can be highly susceptible to oxidation, causing rancidification . (wikipedia.org)
- The catalyst in the form of a fuel additive is added to the diesel fuel prior to combustion, whereas, a catalyst in the form of a washcoating is used to coat the walls of a filter during the manufacturing process, creating a highly catalyzed filter system. (cdc.gov)
- However, recent NIOSH studies have shown a two- to three-fold increase in NO 2 concentrations in mine air, resulting from the use of highly catalyzed filter systems. (cdc.gov)
Type2
- I began the class period with a brief review of L/X type ligands and formal oxidation states. (ionicviper.org)
- Here, we used myeloperoxidase knockout B6.129X1-MPO (MPO k/o) mice and showed that oxidation and clearance of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) from the lungs of these animals after pharyngeal aspiration was markedly less effective whereas the inflammatory response was more robust than in wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. (cdc.gov)
Complex1
- Complex II catalyzes the oxidation of succinate to fumarate (Succinate dehydrogenase: sdh) and transfers i. (bvsalud.org)
Role2
- Early research on the role of antioxidants in biology focused on their use in preventing the oxidation of unsaturated fats , which is the cause of rancidity . (wikipedia.org)
- ALDH1 has a role in early stem cell differentiation through its function in the oxidation of retinol to retinoic acid, proposed to be a strong candidate for breast cancer stem cells. (hindawi.com)