• Motor proteins of the conserved kinesin-14 family have important roles in mitotic spindle organization and chromosome segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this study, we show that the yeast kinesin-14 Kar3 generates processive movement as a heterodimer with the non-motor proteins Cik1 or Vik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • Molecules can be transported around a cell by so-called motor proteins that move along a network of filaments called microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many motor proteins-including the kinesin family of these proteins-can only move in one direction along a microtubule. (elifesciences.org)
  • 5 , 6 In concordance with the role of nodal cilia in L-R asymmetry, mutations in the motor proteins Kif3A and Kif3B, and the transcription factor Foxj1 in the mouse have demonstrated that ciliary motility is important for L-R asymmetry. (bmj.com)
  • Conformational diseases are often caused by mutations, altering protein folding and stability in vivo . (mdpi.com)
  • [ 4 ] Mutations have been identified throughout the gene, affecting all domains of the transcribed protein, most frequently the catalytic domain. (medscape.com)
  • Biochemically, these mutations have been shown to similarly effect aberrant activation of the catalytic domain towards Ras-GTPases. (bionity.com)
  • In this way these mutations are thought to create SOS1 alleles encoding hyper-activated and dysregulated variants of the protein. (bionity.com)
  • The enzyme consists of the wild type catalytic domain of human MMP-12 (residues 106-263, UniProtKB accession P39900). (giottobiotech.com)
  • Sequence alignment and structural analysis suggest that the residues in the WPD loop, especially the amino acid following Asp421, are critical for the movement of WPD loop on binding substrates and the specific activity of protein-tyrosine phosphatases. (umassmed.edu)
  • The enzyme consists of the catalytic domain of human MMP-10 (residues 99-263 UniProtKB accession P09238) with the mutation F170N. (giottobiotech.com)
  • Variants produced by substitution of Cys(972) and Cys(353) by Ser using site-directed mutagenesis have distinctly lower specific activities, supporting the crucial role of these highly conserved redox-sensitive amino acid residues for P-protein activity. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of the kinase domain is halted through binding of the Ras-binding domain, or residues 155-227 of the protein, to the Ras-GTP effector domain. (news-medical.net)
  • In addition to autoinhibition, CR3 is also inhibited when the protein is not post-translationally phosphorylated at certain serine and tyrosine residues in the CR2 hinge region. (news-medical.net)
  • Those which bind phosphorylated tyrosine residues may recruit multi-phosphorylated substrates for the adjacent active domains and are more conserved, while the other class have accumulated several variable amino acid substitutions and have a complete loss of tyrosine binding capability. (embl.de)
  • We have found that the C-terminal systeine residues of smg p21B, rhoA p21, and smg p25A are geranylgeranylated, and that these prenylation are essential for each small G protein to bind to membranes. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of two vicilins, seed proteins with a characteristic beta-barrel core, led to the identification of a small number of conserved residues and thence to the discovery of several microbial proteins which share these key amino acids. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The method, named Predikin, identifies key conserved substrate-determining residues in the kinase catalytic domain that contact the substrate in the region of the phosphorylation site and so determine the sequence surrounding the phosphorylation site. (biomedcentral.com)
  • New features in Predikin include the use of SQL queries to PredikinDB to generate predictions, scoring of predictions, more reliable identification of substrate-determining residues and putative phosphorylation sites, extended options to handle protein kinase and substrate data and an improved web interface. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The second factor, termed peptide specificity, describes the interaction between amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of the protein kinase and the substrate residues that surround the phosphorylated residue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The heptapeptide sequence from -3 to +3 that best binds to the pocket is determined by the physicochemical nature of the residues in the catalytic domain that line the pocket and contact the substrate. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, it is recognised that for many protein kinase families, particularly those that phosphorylate Ser/Thr residues, peptide specificity is the major factor that determines substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • PCC 6803 is an α2 homodimer with high homology to eukaryotic P-proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Segments of the human UMP synthase cDNA coding for the orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidylate decarboxylase (ODC) domains of the bifunctional protein UMP synthase were produced by polymerase chain reaction techniques and cloned into a eukaryotic expression vector. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Despite low sequence similarity, the catalytic domain of SHP-1 shows high similarity in secondary and tertiary structures with other protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). (umassmed.edu)
  • Combet C, Blanchet C, Geourjon C, Deleage G (2000) NPS@: network protein sequence analysis. (springer.com)
  • It phosphorylates a specific sequence on protein targets. (news-medical.net)
  • Download DNA or protein sequence, view genomic context and coordinates. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Basic sequence-derived (length, molecular weight, isoelectric point) and experimentally-determined (median abundance, median absolute deviation) protein information. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Click "Protein Details" for further information about the protein such as half-life, abundance, domains, domains shared with other proteins, protein sequence retrieval for various strains, physico-chemical properties, protein modification sites, and external identifiers for the protein. (yeastgenome.org)
  • In contrast to the conformational changes observed in the crystal structures of PTP1B and Yersinia PTP, the WPD loop (Trp419-Pro428) in the catalytic domain of SHP-1 moves away from the substrate binding pocket after binding the tungstate ion. (umassmed.edu)
  • It has been found that human PTGS2 (COX-2) functions as a conformational heterodimer having a catalytic monomer (E-cat) and an allosteric monomer (E-allo). (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparison of the enzyme's structure with that of its mesophilic counterpart from Bacillus revealed an increase in hydrophilicity on the protein's surface, greater hydrophobicity in cavities within the protein, and greater restriction of conformational freedom, features that contribute to the thermal stability of this chorismate mutase. (springer.com)
  • The protein kinase activity of these JNK isoforms was measured using the transcription factors ATF2, Elk-1 and members of the Jun family as substrates. (umassmed.edu)
  • Proteins associated with the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have been identified as SUMOylated substrates, and evidences suggested that the initiation and progression of cancers depended on the function of the SUMOylation ( 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In general, a protein kinase acts on a discrete set of substrates to ensure that signalling fidelity is maintained. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Structurally, all known receptor PTPases, are made up of a variable length extracellular domain, followed by a transmembrane region and a C-terminal catalytic cytoplasmic domain. (embl.de)
  • Some of the receptor PTPases contain fibronectin type III (FN-III) repeats, immunoglobulin-like domains, MAM domains or carbonic anhydrase-like domains in their extracellular region. (embl.de)
  • 10-13 TMPRSS2 contains an extracellular trypsin-like serine-protease domain that can proteolytically activate the spike (S) protein on the surface of SARS-CoV-2 viral particles 14 ( Fig. 1 ). (rsc.org)
  • A transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular catalytic domain which functions as a carboxypeptidase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cytoskeleton is the pre-eminent supplier of Rho and Ras family small G-proteins (SGPs). (cytoskeleton.com)
  • There is a superfamily of ras p21/ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins (small G proteins) with GTPase activity. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Evidence is accumulating that small G proteins are involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. (nii.ac.jp)
  • In this research project, we have investigated the C-terminal structures of small G proteins, purified the regulatory proteins for small G proteins, and made monoclonal antibodies against small G proteins and their regulatory proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Most of small G proteins have the unique consensus C-terminal motifs containing at least one cysteine residue. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Small G proteins have two interconvertible forms, GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active forms. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have purified and characterized several GDP/GTP exchange proteins (GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS) and GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)) and GTPase activating Proteins (GAP) for small G proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • V-ATPase dependent acidification is necessary for such intracellular processes as protein sorting, zymogen activation, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and synaptic vesicle proton gradient generation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Signaling is initiated when the Wnt ligand binds to the Frizzled receptor on the cell membrane and the LDL receptor-associated protein 5/6 (LRP5/6) co-receptor. (frontiersin.org)
  • The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. (frontiersin.org)
  • Eg5 (also known as kinesin-like protein KIF11, kinesin-related motor protein Eg5, kinesin-like spindle protein HKSP, and thyroid receptor interacting protein 5 (TRIP5)) is a 119 kD kinesin-like protein family, BimC subfamily. (biolegend.com)
  • The catalytic efficiency is 400-fold higher with ANGIOTENSIN II as a substrate than with ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 is also is a functional receptor for the spike glycoprotein (SPIKE PROTEIN, CORONAVIRUS) of the CORONAVIRUSES SARS-COV, SARS-COV2, and HCOV-NL63. (bvsalud.org)
  • Among these regulatory proteins, we have cloned the cDNAs of smg p21 GDS, smg p25A GDI, and rho GDI, and made monoclonal antibodies against them. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Unlike reversible disassembly, which requires ATP hydrolysis on V 1 to break protein-protein interactions, Oxr1p mediated disassembly of V-ATPase is ATP independent and therefore a novel mode of activity regulation. (upstate.edu)
  • The normal rate of Ras catalytic GTPase (GTP hydrolysis) activity can be increased by proteins of the RasGAP family, which bind to Ras and increase its catalytic rate by a factor of one thousand - in effect, increasing the rate at which Ras is inactivated. (bionity.com)
  • Addition and removal of ubiquitin or ubiquitin chains to and from proteins is a tightly regulated process that contributes to cellular signaling and protein stability. (rcsb.org)
  • This gene encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. (nih.gov)
  • B-Raf is a protein encoded by the BRAF gene and is involved in the RAS/MAPK pathway, which regulates cellular growth and division. (news-medical.net)
  • Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. (embl.de)
  • Consequently, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. (embl.de)
  • SUMOylation of proteins is an important mechanism in cellular responses to environmental stress ( 21 , 22 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Over the course of my dissertation research I investigated endocytic mechanisms regulating two neuronal membrane proteins: the anesthetic-activated potassium leak channel, KCNK3, as well as the psychostimulant-sensitive dopamine transporter (DAT). (umassmed.edu)
  • This protein is a catalytic kinesin motor with coiled-coil and Smc domains. (biolegend.com)
  • A family of protein-deglutamylating enzymes associated with neurodegeneration. (sysy.com)
  • Consequently, condensed tannin depressed the digestibility of feed in the rumen by affecting the activity of enzymes involved in carbohydrate and protein breakdown, the effects of which could be reduced with the use of PEG. (scielo.org.za)
  • The CAZy database describes the families of structurally-related catalytic and carbohydrate-binding modules (or functional domains) of enzymes that degrade, modify, or create glycosidic bonds. (lu.se)
  • We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. (frontiersin.org)
  • In vitro assays confirm that both drugs inhibit the human protein TMPRSS2, a SARS-Cov-2 spike protein activator. (rsc.org)
  • Among the established custom DNA binding domains, Cas9 is most easily scaled to facilitate genome-scale perturbations 3 , 4 due to its simplicity of programming relative to zinc finger proteins and transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs). (cdc.gov)
  • It contains one GTPase binding domain (aa 75-105) plus a protein kinase catalytic region (aa 250-521). (rndsystems.com)
  • This may be explained because the SOS1 protein adopts an auto-inhibited conformation dependent on multiple domain-to-domain interactions that cooperate to block access of the SOS1 catalytic core to its Ras-GTPase targets [7] . (bionity.com)
  • Oxr1p belongs to the group of TLDc domain containing proteins that are highly conserved in higher eukaryotes. (upstate.edu)
  • SUMOylation is a post-translational modification of proteins that has been found to play a major role in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. (frontiersin.org)
  • The head of the non-motor protein cannot bind to ATP, although it can bind to microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • Endocytic trafficking dynamically regulates neuronal plasma membrane protein presentation and activity, and plays a central role in excitability and plasticity. (umassmed.edu)
  • For example, alkaline vacuole/lysosome are deficient in autophagy, Golgi pH regulates its ability to glycosylate proteins and failure to maintain endosomal pH perturbs with its ability to recycle receptors to the Plasma membrane or, the trans-Golgi. (upstate.edu)
  • Although a high level of PDE10A gene expression is observed in the testis, information on the identity of the isoforms or on the cell type that express the PDE10 protein is lacking. (plos.org)
  • The PTPN11 gene encodes SHP-2, a cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphatase that consists of two tandemly arranged SH2 domains at the N-terminus, a catalytic domain, and a C-terminal tail. (lu.se)
  • Programmable DNA binding proteins have emerged as an exciting platform for engineering synthetic transcription factors for modulating endogenous gene expression 5 - 11 . (cdc.gov)
  • V-ATPase is composed of a cytosolic V1 domain and a transmembrane V0 domain. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although originally termed histone acetyltransferases (HATs) for their lysine acetylation activity on histone N-terminal tails, CBP and its paralogue, p300, have been shown to acetylate a variety of non-histone proteins including p53, DNA polymerase β and nuclear import factors. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Comparison of the binding activity of the JNK isoforms demonstrated that the JNK proteins differ in their interaction with ATF2, Elk-1 and Jun transcription factors. (umassmed.edu)
  • The catalytic activity rates are not affected by the mutation. (giottobiotech.com)
  • Mutant B-Raf proteins that have been implicated in tumorigenesis often have elevated kinase activity, known as a gain of function mutaion. (news-medical.net)
  • CR1 inhibits the activity of CR3, the kinase domain, regulating the overall signaling activity of the molecule. (news-medical.net)
  • The monofunctional OPRT protein was less stable than the ODC protein at 45 degrees C. Growth of transfected cells in 6-azauridine resulted in striking increases in activity and temperature stability for the monofunctional ODC protein. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • When mediated by nutrient levels, the process is reversible and catalytic-activity dependent. (upstate.edu)
  • They discovered that the long-term memory for sensitization in the marine snail can be erased by inhibiting the activity of a specific protein kinase - a class of molecules that modifies proteins by chemically adding to them a phosphate (an inorganic chemical), which changes the proteins' structure and activity. (scienceblog.com)
  • Using patch-clamp electrophysiology in brain slices prepared from male rats, we reveal that opioid withdrawal abruptly reduces the ability of these peptides to inhibit neurotransmission, a direct consequence of a protein kinase A (PKA)-driven increase in the synaptic activity of peptidases. (jneurosci.org)
  • Each subunit has a region called a motor domain (also known as its 'head') that can bind to the microtubule and to a molecule called ATP, which provides the energy required for the motor to step forward. (elifesciences.org)
  • Phosphorylation of the AP2 mu subunit by AAK1 mediates high affinity binding to membrane protein sorting signals. (sdbonline.org)
  • Desensitization of p21(ras) after stimulation of cells by growth factors and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) correlates with hyperphosphorylation of the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son-of-sevenless (Sos) and its dissociation from the adaptor protein Grb2 (Cherniack, A., Klarlund, J. K., Conway, B. R., and Czech, M. P. (1995) J. Biol. (umassmed.edu)
  • Multiple modes of peptide recognition by the PTB domain of the cell fate determinant Numb. (sdbonline.org)
  • The endo-mannanase from T. reesei has a small polysaccharide binding domain, separated from the catalytic domain by a highly glycosylated linker peptide. (lu.se)
  • The crystal structures of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 catalytic domain and the complex it forms with the substrate analogue tungstate have been determined and refined to crystallographic R values of 0.209 at 2.5 A resolution and 0.207 at 2.8 A resolution, respectively. (umassmed.edu)
  • The JNK protein kinase is a member of the MAP kinase group that is activated in response to dual phosphorylation on threonine and tyrosine. (umassmed.edu)
  • This entry represents the PTPase domain found in several tyrosine-specific protein phosphatases (PTPases). (embl.de)
  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation, can regulate the function of proteins, determine the active state and subcellular location of proteins, and dynamically interact with other proteins related to carcinogenesis and progression ( 17 - 20 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The protein is observed, in denaturing conditions, as a single band migrating at a molecular weight between 14.4 and 18.4 kDa. (giottobiotech.com)
  • TtCM was purified to homogeneity on an SDS polyacrylamide gel as a His-fusion protein with a deduced molecular mass of 15.8 kDa. (springer.com)
  • Publications] Kaibuchi,K.: 'Molecular cloning and characterization of the stimulatory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDS)for smg p21s,ras p21ーlike small GTPーbinding proteins. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Ras-GTPases act as molecular switches that bind to downstream effectors, such as the protein kinase c-Raf , and localizes them to the membrane resulting in their activation. (bionity.com)
  • also alpha -PAK and p65-PAK) is both a cytoplasmic and nuclear 58-60 kDa member of PAK group I, STE20 subfamily, STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family of molecules. (rndsystems.com)
  • RAF genes encode serine and threonine kinase proteins downstream of Ras in the pathway. (news-medical.net)
  • Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
  • Taken together, these results demonstrate that novel, non-classical endocytic mechanisms dynamically control the plasma membrane presentation of these two important neuronal proteins. (umassmed.edu)
  • both mechanisms would increase the proportion of dietary protein that bypasses the rumen undegraded. (scielo.org.za)
  • One is in the activation segment of the kinase domain. (news-medical.net)
  • The other hotspot is the glycine -rich loop of the kinase domain. (news-medical.net)
  • Conserved region 3 (CR3) is a catalytic protein kinase domain. (news-medical.net)
  • In order to become active, the CR3 kinase domain must be converted to its active form by phosphorylation of the activation loop. (news-medical.net)
  • Furthermore, a PDK1-consensus motif is located within the kinase domain of LKB1 and LKB1 gets phosphorylated by PDK1 in vitro. (sdbonline.org)
  • the membrane-binding domain consists of a series of amphipathic α helices with several hydrophobic amino acids exposed to a membrane monolayer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The B-Raf protein has 766 amino acids in three conserved domains. (news-medical.net)
  • PTPase domains consist of about 300 amino acids. (embl.de)
  • The catalytic domain of this dual-specificity phosphatase has recently been mapped to the 180 most C-terminal amino acids. (embl.de)
  • Apart from the purified proteins, Cytoskeleton also provides some innovative kits for studying these proteins in cells and in vitro , see related products below for more information. (cytoskeleton.com)
  • unlike most of the motors in this group (which work together in pairs), Kar3 motor protein subunits each bind to and work with non-motor protein subunits, including one called Cik1. (elifesciences.org)
  • The V1 domain consists of three A and three B subunits, two G subunits plus the C, D, E, F, and H subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional diversity between PTPases is endowed by regulatory domains and subunits. (embl.de)
  • Glycine decarboxylase, or P-protein, is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme in one-carbon metabolism of all organisms, in the glycine and serine catabolism of vertebrates, and in the photorespiratory pathway of oxygenic phototrophs. (nih.gov)
  • A model of Cdc25 phosphatase catalytic domain and Cdk-interaction surface based on the presence of a rhodanese homology domain. (embl.de)
  • Publications] Araki,S.: 'Role of the Cーterminal region of smg p25A in its interaction with membranes and the GDP/GTP exchange protein. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We are also studying the function of the binding domain, the interaction between the binding domain and the catalytic domain and the flexibility of the linker. (lu.se)
  • These feeds are rich in anti-nutritional factors, particularly tannins, because they reduce the intake of food, depress the breakdown rate of protein and fibre, reduce the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (Makkar, 2003) and are poisonous (McSweeney et al . (scielo.org.za)
  • This review summarizes the recent discovery of the cupin superfamily (from the Latin term "cupa," a small barrel) of functionally diverse proteins that initially were limited to several higher plant proteins such as seed storage proteins, germin (an oxalate oxidase), germin-like proteins, and auxin-binding protein. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A UMP synthase bifunctional protein was constructed with a deletion of the suspected linker region joining the two catalytic domains. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Cas9 nuclease can be converted into an RNA-guided DNA binding protein (dCas9) via inactivation of its two catalytic domains 12 , 13 and then fused to transcription activation domains. (cdc.gov)
  • My results indicate that KCNK3 internalizes in response to Protein Kinase C (PKC) activation, using a novel pathway that requires the phosphoserine binding protein, 14-3-3β, and demonstrates for the first time regulated KCNK3 channel trafficking in neurons. (umassmed.edu)
  • Total cell lysates (15 µg total protein) from A431, SH-SY5Y, MCF-7 (reduced expression control), and NIH3T3 cells were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with 0.5 µg/mL (1:1000 dilution) Purified anti-EG5 Antibody, clone 10C7, overnight at 4°C. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP goat anti-mouse IgG Antibody (Cat. (biolegend.com)
  • Microbial relatives of the seed storage proteins of higher plants: conservation of structure and diversification of function during evolution of the cupin superfamily. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This cupin signature is found as a central component of many microbial proteins including certain types of phosphomannose isomerase, polyketide synthase, epimerase, and dioxygenase. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The catalytic domain is homologous to mammalian peroxidases such as myeloperoxidase. (wikipedia.org)
  • Publications] Sasaki,T.: 'A mammalian inhibitory GDP/GTP exchange protein(GDI)for smg p25A is active on the yeast SEC4 protein. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The increased stability of the bifunctional protein may be a factor in its evolutionary selection in mammalian cells. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Some pharmaceutical companies are developing inhibitors of B-Raf protein as anticancer therapies. (news-medical.net)
  • The protein has been mutated to increase its stability, as the mutation drastically reduces the enzyme's rate of autoproteolysis. (giottobiotech.com)
  • The cytoplasmic region generally contains two copies of the PTPase domain. (embl.de)