Catalyst catalytic reactions. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, Ni and Pt clusters are required for the complete hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane, as this reaction does not take place on highly dilute NiCu alloys 19 or the PtCu SAA 14 . (nature.com)
A comparative study on catalytic carbon dioxide hydrogenation and carbon dioxide methanation over Pt/SBA-15, NiO, Pt/NiO, Co3O4 catalysts by: Efremova Anastasiia, et al. (u-szeged.hu)
They are claimed to be more effective hydrogenation catalysts than Raney nickel. (wikipedia.org)
In 1951, Raymond Paul and others investigated the reaction of NaBH 4 with nickel chloride, sulfate, and acetate in various solvents and measured their performance as hydrogenation catalysts. (wikipedia.org)
It is used as a heterogeneous hydrogenation catalyst. (wikipedia.org)
Replacement of Pd/C by powdered catalytic converter for hydrogenation reactions. (sciencemadness.org)
Sciencemadness Discussion Board » Fundamentals » Organic Chemistry » Replacement of Pd/C by powdered catalytic converter for hydrogenation reactions. (sciencemadness.org)
Subject: Replacement of Pd/C by powdered catalytic converter for hydrogenation reactions. (sciencemadness.org)
Testing 3 reactions, Methylene blue reduction, nitrobenzene reduction to aniline and cinnamyl alcohol hydrogenation. (sciencemadness.org)
Replacement of Palladium on carbon by powdered catalytic converter for hydrogenation reactions. (sciencemadness.org)
Catalytic hydrogenation is a useful and relatively common chemical reaction in organic synthesis, usually used to hydrogenate alkenes. (sciencemadness.org)
Thus, hydrogen is chemisorbed readily by many metals even at liquid air temperatures (below −180 °C [−290 °F]). With a series of hydrogenation -dehydrogenation catalysts-e.g., zinc oxide-chromic oxide (ZnO-Cr 2 O 3 )-chemisorption of hydrogen often occurs above room temperature. (britannica.com)

The atomic scale structure of the active sites in heterogeneous catalysts is central to their reactivity and selectivity. (nature.com)
Each state of the catalyst exhibits distinct selectivity for the dehydrogenation of ethanol reaction with the single-atom alloy phase exhibiting high selectivity to acetaldehyde and hydrogen versus a range of products from Pd clusters. (nature.com)
First-principles based Monte Carlo calculations explain the origin of this active site ensemble size tuning effect, and this work serves as a demonstration of what should be a general phenomenon that enables in situ control over catalyst selectivity. (nature.com)
Together, these findings illustrate that the atomic-scale structure of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts has a critical effect on their chemical reactivity and selectivity. (nature.com)
The major motivation is providing environmentally benign routes for the production of chemicals and exploiting specific properties of heterogeneous catalysts such as shape-selectivity, ease of separation and recovery, or thermal stability. (imperial.ac.uk)
SOR10-III catalysts showed higher SCR selectivity than SOR10-IV catalysts under the same conditions, especially at temperatures lower than 500oC. (aiche.org)

Alternative post-combustion NO x reduction techniques, including selective catalytic reduction and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR), have been used for NO x elimination. (aaqr.org)

Such stacked 2D materials are essential for the construction of future and very powerful electronic devices, while dense arrays of functional groups attached to a 2D material is a very interesting starting point for immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. (lu.se)

These are known as heterogeneous catalytic reactions. (britannica.com)
In a single measurement, we are able to follow heterogeneous catalytic reactions temporally- and spatially resolved with all three optical techniques, which are additionally supported by Mass Spectrometry (MS). To validate the experimental setup, we perform two experiments studying CO oxidation on Pd(100) at 150 mbar and 910 mbar by ramping the sample temperature. (lu.se)

Catalysts composed of noble metals and reducible metal oxides are of great significance for modern energy applications. (confex.com)
WGS is a crucial step in hydrogen enrichment, and effective catalysts that have been identified are platinum or gold in conjunction with ceria or other partially reducible oxides. (confex.com)
Recent research provides evidence that catalysts having extremely low loadings of these metals can still exhibit high activity, as the degree of reaction rate enhancement depends on interfacial area between active metal sites and oxides. (confex.com)
The aim of this work is to investigate the performance of catalysts consisting of two metal oxides supported on alumina (SOR10-III and SO10-IV) in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with two representative components of diesel exhaust, namely propylene and dodecane, as reductants. (aiche.org)
In order to illustrate the interaction between CeO2 and Fe2O3 in catalyst, we examine the oxides of different Ce/Fe ratio. (ncl.edu.tw)
Industrial catalysts are often comprised of nanoparticles supported on high-surface-area oxides, in order to maximise the catalytically active surface area and thereby utilise the active material better. (lu.se)

An air filter that uses a low-temperature oxidation catalyst to convert carbon monoxide to less toxic carbon dioxide at room temperature. (wikipedia.org)
Often, this type of regeneration uses an oxidation catalyst, such as platinum, vanadium or similar compound, to reduce the temperature necessary to begin regeneration. (cdc.gov)

Therefore, in situ control of the structure of the active sites in bimetallic catalysts should offer a way to tune reaction networks and achieve efficient conversion to the desired products. (nature.com)
The combination of Cu and Ni in bimetallic catalysts on ZrO 2 , leads to a more efficient HDO of stearic acid. (osti.gov)

In 1963, H. C. Brown and Charles A. Brown reported the synthesis and performance of two similar catalysts, which they denoted by "P-1" (the same as Paul's) and "P-2", obtained by reacting sodium borohydride with nickel acetate in water and ethanol, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Combined with an improved one-step synthesis of triol arylborates from boronic acid, this remarkably efficient new tool provided a variety of 4′-arylated phenylalanines and tyrosines in good yields at low catalyst loading with a wide functional group tolerance. (mdpi.com)
This paper focuses on the synthesis and characterization of Pt/ceria WGS catalysts prepared using supercritical fluid deposition (SCFD), a technique by which organometallic precursors are adsorbed from a supercritical fluid solvent on to a support. (confex.com)
Turnover frequencies and activation energies for WGS on catalysts will be presented and correlated with variables in synthesis method. (confex.com)
Catalytic processes are a major technological underpinning of modern society and are essential to the energy sector in the processing of chemical fuels from natural resources, synthesis of fine chemicals and energy conversion. (usd.edu)
My main research interests are focused around the application of heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of intermediates and fine chemicals. (imperial.ac.uk)
Used with palladium in a catalytic synthesis of 3-haloindoles via an annulation process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Asymmetric synthesis of α-chiral hydroxyalkylphosphines via a catalytic, enantioselective reduction of acylphosphines. (lookchem.com)

Their properties differ in terms of catalytic efficiency and substrate specificity. (wikipedia.org)
Catalytic materials increase the efficiency of chemical reactions. (usd.edu)
These catalysts promise to enhance the efficiency of hydrogen and oxygen electrochemical reactions, a vital component of sustainable energy production. (tmcnet.com)
His commitment to developing sustainable catalysts that combine efficiency with reproducibility is poised to revolutionize hydrogen production andfuel cell conversion. (tmcnet.com)
The application of flow reactors in multiphase catalytic reactions represents a promising approach for enhancing the efficiency of this important class of chemical reactions. (mdpi.com)

In addition, their NO x catalytic performance, along with relevant main factors (reaction temperature, molar ratio, particle size, space velocity, and O 2 content), was investigated in a simulated fixed bed reactor. (aaqr.org)
Catalyst activity testing takes place a flow reactor system using a simulated reformate stream containing CO, H 2 , H 2 O, and N 2 . (confex.com)
We developed a simple approach to improve the reactor productivity of multiphase catalytic reactions performed using a flow chemistry unit with a packed bed reactor. (mdpi.com)
Specifically, a tube-in-tube membrane contactor (sparger) integrated in-line with the flow reactor has been successfully applied to the aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde utilizing a heterogeneous palladium catalyst in the packed bed. (mdpi.com)
reaction mode, reactor type, compatibility with solvents, or separation of the catalyst from the products. (imperial.ac.uk)
The APR of a solution of 10% mass ethylene glycol (EG), performed in a tubular fixed bed reactor at 498 K, 22 bar, WHSV = 2.3 h −1 , was used as the main reaction test. (hindawi.com)
The feasibility of removing sulfur dioxide by carbon monoxide reduction in a fixed-bed catalytic reactor was investigated. (cdc.gov)

A novel spherical activated carbon-supported palladium catalyst has been found to be useful for the catalytic deuterodehalogenation of haloarenes. (rsc.org)

As a simple example occurring in the gas phase, the reaction 2 SO 2 + O 2 → 2 SO 3 can be catalyzed by adding nitric oxide . (wikipedia.org)
139 (1999) 97], an impulse-oscillation model (IOM) was used for a time description of catalytic acts in the reactions of catalytic decomposition of formic acid on oxide catalysts for unimolecular mechanism. (lu.se)
The stability test shows that the mixed oxide can retain oxygen vacancies generation and CO2 deoxygenation reactivity in 5-cycle H2-reduction-CO2-deoxygenation at 700 °C. In-situ FTIR is applied for examining the adsorption and reaction of CO2 species on the oxide surface. (ncl.edu.tw)
By combining Polarization Modulated - InfraRed Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) with two dimensional-Surface Optical Reflectance (2D-SOR) and Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), we can simultaneously measure the adsorbed species on the catalyst surface, monitor the surface oxide formation across the catalyst surface and image the gas phase right above the catalyst surface, respectively. (lu.se)

Also, Pd nanoparticles (NPs) are needed for the methane oxidation reaction, and the decomposition of the NPs into single Pd atoms at high temperatures leads to a drop in reactivity 18 . (nature.com)
These nanoparticles expose steps and corners that, due to low coordination to neighboring atoms, are more reactive and, as a consequence, are often assumed to have higher catalytic activity. (lu.se)
This insight can provide ways to optimize the shape of the nanoparticles to further improve the activity of certain reactions. (lu.se)
Nanoparticles used as a well-ordered model system for the complex industrial catalyst. (lu.se)

They noted that reaction of NaBH 4 with salts of certain transition metals yielded black precipitates, and that the cobalt product catalyzed the decomposition of borohydride. (wikipedia.org)
This reaction proceeds because the reaction products are more stable than the starting compound, but this decomposition is so slow that hydrogen peroxide solutions are commercially available. (wikipedia.org)
These often highly reactive moieties are shielded from decomposition and off-target reactivity, and funnelled towards the required catalytic process through a refined set of interactions with proximal amino acid side-chains. (europa.eu)

MnO x catalysts have been proven to have superior activity at low temperatures (LT) for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x . (aaqr.org)
MnO x catalysts exhibit excellent activity at low temperature owing to their excellent redox properties and variable valence states. (aaqr.org)
The catalytic activity of P-1 is enhanced by adding small amount of salts of other metals (but not cobalt) to the nickel salt during preparation. (wikipedia.org)
An inert atmosphere was found necessary for maximum catalytic activity. (wikipedia.org)
The catalytic activity of P−1 is insensitive to steric hindrance of side chains on the substrate and thus more active, and seldom affects protecting groups. (wikipedia.org)
The SI derived unit for measuring the catalytic activity of a catalyst is the katal , which is quantified in moles per second. (wikipedia.org)
The productivity of a catalyst can be described by the turnover number (or TON) and the catalytic activity by the turn over frequency (TOF), which is the TON per time unit. (wikipedia.org)
SOR10-III and SOR10-IV catalysts reached a maximum in activity at 400-425oC, and 450oC, respectively, when propylene is used as the reductant. (aiche.org)
One promoter improved the activity of both catalysts. (aiche.org)
the temperature at maximum activity for the promoted SOR10-III catalyst was 400oC. (aiche.org)
These results indicate that the catalyst composition must be optimized to maximize SCR activity. (aiche.org)
The activity for oxidation of propylene seems to parallel the SCR activity in these catalysts. (aiche.org)
A number of olefin metathesis reactions were tested in water to find a suitable probe for catalytic activity. (europa.eu)
Second, if the metathesis reaction is run in the presence of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate, which would interrupt any cofactor-protein hydrophobic interactions, a small amount of activity is again observed. (europa.eu)
The reaction activity is examined by a test procedure of sequential H2-TPR and TP-CO2. (ncl.edu.tw)
Maximum catalytic activity was obtained with about 40 percent iron- alumina mixture with a nominal gas mixture of 10 percent carbon monoxide, 5 percent sulfur dioxide, and the balance nitrogen. (cdc.gov)
The catalytic activity also increased with decreasing catalyst pellet size. (cdc.gov)

Based on grand canonical quantum mechanics calculations and the single-site Co atomic structure validated by in situ and ex situ spectroscopic probes, we have established a full description of the catalytic reaction kinetics for Co-TiO 2 as a function of applied potential, revealing an adsorbate evolution mechanism for the OER. (nature.com)

In the presence of a catalyst such as manganese dioxide this reaction proceeds much more rapidly. (wikipedia.org)
In general, chemical reactions occur faster in the presence of a catalyst because the catalyst provides an alternative reaction mechanism (reaction pathway) having a lower activation energy than the non-catalyzed mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
Although the presence of a catalyst, in either form, will increase the feasibility of the filter by allowing regeneration at lower exhaust temperatures, it may also result in an increase in the concentration of NO 2 in the exhaust. (cdc.gov)

The rate increase occurs because the catalyst allows the reaction to occur by an alternative mechanism which may be much faster than the non-catalyzed mechanism. (wikipedia.org)
However the non-catalyzed mechanism does remain possible, so that the total rate (catalyzed plus non-catalyzed) can only increase in the presence of the catalyst and never decrease. (wikipedia.org)
This may be due to a reaction mechanism which has the formation of adsorbed partially oxidized hydrocarbon as the rate determining step. (aiche.org)
In this paper: the bimolecular mechanism were modelled for the same reactions. (lu.se)
101 (1996)21] mechanism which does not need strong deformation of OCO bond system and used as a source of acid proton from formic acid and not from surface hydroxyl group on catalyst. (lu.se)
Two competing proposals have been made concerning the mechanism of catalytic reactions at surfaces, and it has not been possible to choose between them. (britannica.com)
The synergistic effect of this catalyst mixture was explained by a dual reaction site mechanism, with both iron and alumina augmenting their specific sites at their interparticle contacts. (cdc.gov)

For example, the PtCu SAA is more efficient at alkane dehydrogenation than Cu while avoiding the coking that occurs on catalysts with extended Pt clusters 14 . (nature.com)
The best ranges of wavenumbers for the considered in IOM modes for the dehydrogenation reaction are proposed. (lu.se)
During catalytic reforming, cycloparaffins (also known by the obsolescent term 'naphthenes') such as cyclohexane, methyl cyclohexane, and dimethylcyclohexane are converted to benzene by isomerization, dehydrogenation, and dealkylation, and paraffins in naphtha (such as hexane) are converted to benzene by cyclodehydrogenation. (cdc.gov)
Butadiene was produced by the catalytic dehydrogenation of n-butane. (cdc.gov)

However, the structural complexity of heterogeneous electrocatalysts makes it a great challenge to elucidate the surface catalytic sites and OER mechanisms. (nature.com)
Here, we report that catalytic single-site Co in a well-defined brookite TiO 2 nanorod (210) surface (Co-TiO 2 ) presents turnover frequencies that are among the highest for Co-based heterogeneous catalysts reported to date, reaching 6.6 ± 1.2 and 181.4 ± 28 s −1 at 300 and 400 mV overpotentials, respectively. (nature.com)
[4] mixing, surface area, and temperature are important factors in reaction rate. (wikipedia.org)
An example of heterogeneous catalysis is the reaction of oxygen and hydrogen on the surface of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 , or titania ) to produce water. (wikipedia.org)
To promote the understanding of heterogeneously catalysed reactions, infrared spectroscopy is an excellent tool because it allows the detection of surface species of interest. (imperial.ac.uk)
The synthesized PWC-SO3H catalysts were thermally stable up to 375 °C. The deposition of sulfonic acid groups onto the catalytic surface was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. (usda.gov)
Thus, best-performing catalysts have high Pt surface areas per unit catalyst mass. (hindawi.com)
They include reactions between gases or liquids or both at the surface of a solid catalyst . (britannica.com)
otherwise the products remain on the catalyst surface and act as poisons to the process. (britannica.com)
A major advance in the science of surface catalysis was the development of a method for determining the surface area of catalysts (and other materials) by measuring the multimolecular adsorption of nitrogen at liquid nitrogen temperatures or the adsorption of other gases close to their boiling points . (britannica.com)
Since heterogeneously catalyzed reactions occur on the surface of the catalyst, the rates of such reactions are proportional to the accessible surface area of the catalyst. (britannica.com)
Active catalysts are thus usually highly porous solids with total surface areas as high as several hundred square metres per gram. (britannica.com)
When measurements of surface areas became possible, it was seen at once that many constituents present in minor quantities in the main catalyst material-known as promoters-could act by extending the effective surface area of the catalyst. (britannica.com)
It also was shown, however, that a promoter might produce an increase in the quality of the surface for the given reaction. (britannica.com)
We have investigated the reaction between CO and preadsorbed O on a stepped Rh(553) surface, and show that CO oxidation indeed occurs faster than on the flat Rh(111) surface at the same temperature. (lu.se)
In search of an alternative, we studied a novel antimicrobial surface coating based on micro galvanic elements formed by silver and ruthenium with surface catalytic properties. (who.int)

In this paper we report transient and steady state data collected over commercial Fe-ZSM-5 and V₂O₅-WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts showing high NOx reduction efficiencies in the 200 - 350°C T-range when NO and ammonia react with nitrates, e.g., in the form of an aqueous solution of ammonium nitrate. (sae.org)
The coatings obtained by the discharge of the carbonate ion on a molybdenum substrate and by the simultaneous reduction of the electroactive species MoO4 and CO3 are catalytically more active than bulk Mo2C or the commercial catalyst Cu-ZnO-Al2O3 by one and three orders of magnitude, respectively. (tue.nl)
Convenient catalyst for the enantioselective borane reduction of ketones at ambient temperatures. (lookchem.com)

Kinetic modelling and in-situ spectroscopic characterisation are applied in order to get a more detailed mechanistic understanding of the working catalyst. (imperial.ac.uk)
The use, application, and further methodical development of in situ IR spectroscopy for the study of catalyst surfaces will therefore be applied with special emphasis. (imperial.ac.uk)

We reasoned that the catalyst was likely binding with the protein scaffold through hydrophobic interactions and was not available for binding with the substrate. (europa.eu)
Two experiments support this hypothesis, first the hybrid catalyst was treated with a broad spectrum protease, tryptin, to digest most of the protein leaving the catalyst more exposed, and then subjected to the same conditions for olefin metathesis on the model substrate. (europa.eu)
It provides a substrate that facilitates reactions that break down unwanted byproducts of combustion. (kinja.com)
Although direct identification of abnormal protein structure still was not possible, such defects could be inferred, indirectly, by demonstrating alterations in the kinetic properties of patients' enzymes (ie, rates of reaction as concentrations of cofactor or substrate were varied) or in the rate at which heating the enzyme altered its catalytic properties. (medscape.com)

In contrast with other borides, which require high temperatures, preparation of these nickel boride catalysts can be carried out at ambient temperature, without special equipment. (wikipedia.org)
Nanoformulated calix[8]arenes functionalized with N -heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-palladium complexes were found to be efficient nano-reactors for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of water soluble iodo- and bromoaryl compounds with cyclic triol arylborates at low temperature in water without any organic co-solvent. (mdpi.com)
In the absence of water vapor, SOR10-III catalyst reached a higher maximum for the conversion of NO (around 35%) at a lower temperature of about 300-325oC. (aiche.org)
The active promoter reduced the temperature for complete oxidation of propylene for both catalysts compared to their unpromoted counterparts, to 350oC for the promoted SOR10-III and to 400oC for SOR10-IV. (aiche.org)
It is interesting to find that the reaction entropies are charge sensitive and show a different temperature dependence as compared to their neutral counterpart. (acs.org)
Our work reveals a complex temperature dependence of the chemical reaction on the charge state of the metal cluster. (acs.org)
Chemisorption can occur over a wide temperature range, the most effective temperature for adsorption depending on the nature of the catalyst. (britannica.com)
The results show that the deoxygenation reaction has an onset temperature at about 400 °C with all the catalysts, and with a maximum at around 600 °C under the test conditions. (ncl.edu.tw)
Designing of highly selective and high-temperature endurable RWGS heterogeneous catalysts: recent advances and the future directions. (ncl.edu.tw)
The apparent activation energy of the reaction was 18.3 Kcal per mole in the temperature range of 350 deg to 600 deg c. (cdc.gov)

In addition, the mentioned catalysts characterization before and after the reaction showed no differences. (u-szeged.hu)

Elements involved in the processes in catalyst regeneration. (bccresearch.com)
Dr. Noufal emphasized the pivotal role of catalysts in addressing global energy challenges, emphasizing the need for a fundamental understanding of their processes. (tmcnet.com)
An overview of aqueous-phase catalytic processes for production of hydrogen and alkanes in a bio refinery has been shown by Huber and Dumesic [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Many catalytic processes are known in which the catalyst and the reactants are not present in the same phase-that is, state of matter. (britannica.com)
It follows from such considerations that whereas physical adsorptions, which parallel the ease of liquefaction of the adsorbed substance, occur spontaneously, chemisorption, which involves the making and breaking of chemical bonds, often requires activation energies (energy needed to initiate reactions) as do uncatalyzed chemical processes. (britannica.com)

Nitrogen is rapidly chemisorbed on synthetic ammonia- iron catalyst in the region above 400 °C (750 °F). It has been shown that iron films chemisorb nitrogen even at liquid air temperatures, with additional chemisorption found above room temperatures. (britannica.com)

Electrosynthesis methods using molten salts are suggested for obtaining a new catalytic system based on the Mo2C/Mo composition for the water gas shift reaction. (tue.nl)

New catalysts of Pt, PtNi, PtCo, and NiCo supported on Al 2 O 3 were developed for producing hydrogen by aqueous phase reforming (APR) of oxygenated hydrocarbons. (hindawi.com)

Coverage includes membrane reactors and catalytic design (catalytic membrane reactors). (lu.se)

Ni2B is an efficient catalyst and reducing agent. (wikipedia.org)
Dr. Noufal mentioned his research on hydrogen's role in space and his project to create an efficient catalyst by combining machine learning, DFT calculations, and experimental design. (tmcnet.com)

In living organisms, this reaction is catalyzed by enzymes (proteins that serve as catalysts) such as catalase . (wikipedia.org)

The reactivity of subnanometer cluster catalysts depends on their charge state and dynamical evolutions of configurations under reaction environments. (acs.org)

We have now found the right conditions for producing the direct coupling reaction from an alcohol and amine using this iron catalyst. (rug.nl)

These applications include key reactions in hydrogen production such as water-gas shift (WGS) and preferential oxidation (PROX), as well as fuel cell electrodes. (confex.com)
The SDCG will conduct research on advanced catalytic materials for solar energy utilization, specifically, hydrogen production and hydrogen fuel cells. (usd.edu)

With measurements from MAX IV's SPECIES beamline, a group from Lund University and RISE, Research Institutes of Sweden, has successfully developed a model catalyst that, once tuned, holds the potential to significantly improve the treatment process for the large-scale manufacture of viable biofuels from lignin. (lu.se)

Broadly speaking, a catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction by reducing the required activation energy, but is left unchanged by the reaction. (bccresearch.com)

Catalysts generally react with one or more reactants to form intermediates that subsequently give the final reaction product, in the process of regenerating the catalyst. (wikipedia.org)

Nickel boride is the common name of materials composed chiefly of the elements nickel and boron that are widely used as catalysts in organic chemistry. (wikipedia.org)
Copper chloride may be used as a catalyst in organic chlorination reactions. (sigmaaldrich.com)

By collaborating with partners in the United States and abroad, we are on track to transition these catalysts into practical applications. (tmcnet.com)
Such incredible choreography all along the reaction coordinate is humbling to chemists, who are, due to incomplete understanding, still bound to a reductionist approach in reaction development focused on transition state analysis. (europa.eu)
One way of reducing the catalyst cost is to partially or totally replace Pt by another transition metal with similar properties. (hindawi.com)
Many transition metals are useful as catalysts in industrial and laboratory settings, and many of these elements form brightly colored compounds. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

These sources include refinery streams (catalytic reformats), pyrolysis gasoline, and toluene hydrodealkylation. (cdc.gov)
Plasma-Catalytic CO 2 Reforming of Toluene over Hydrotalcite-Derived NiFe/(Mg, Al)O x Catalysts. (bvsalud.org)

One of the key aspects of the APR technology is the design of a suitable catalyst. (hindawi.com)

Therefore, understanding active site stability and evolution under different reaction conditions is key to the design of efficient and robust catalysts. (nature.com)
After 10 h on-stream, the catalysts prepared by UMC had better hydrogen yield and catalytic stability than common catalysts prepared by IWI. (hindawi.com)

1978 and 1981, catalytic reformats accounted for approximately 44-50% of the total U.S. benzene production (Fishbein 1988). (cdc.gov)

Co-adsorption studies have proven extremely valuable as model experiment for a variety of reactions. (imperial.ac.uk)
Acting in a reverse direction are minor constituents of the reacting system or unwanted products of the reaction, which by preferential adsorption on the reaction sites and resistance to removal give rise to poisons for the process. (britannica.com)

As was the case in the previous review on this topic, the refinery industry remains the largest single user of regenerated catalysts, especially in hydroprocessing to produce refined products such as gasoline and low-sulfur diesel fuel. (bccresearch.com)
The catalyst in the form of a fuel additive is added to the diesel fuel prior to combustion, whereas, a catalyst in the form of a washcoating is used to coat the walls of a filter during the manufacturing process, creating a highly catalyzed filter system. (cdc.gov)

Catalytic reaction of methane with carbon dioxide over supported palladium by: Erdőhelyi András, et al. (u-szeged.hu)

The P-1 and P-2 "nickel boride" catalyst have been suggested to be amorphous compounds, composed of nickel bonded to individual boron centres. (wikipedia.org)
Nonetheless, no deuterium exchange was observed for the fluorine substituent, while iodine-substituted compounds poisoned the catalyst. (rsc.org)
Importantly, deuterated compounds were obtained with a rate of 3 mg min −1 and the catalyst showed reasonable reusability. (rsc.org)
Feringa thinks that the new catalyst will be used for converting alcohol compounds from biomass into high-grade chemical products, including medicines, and may even replace other scarce metals in the long term. (rug.nl)

APR of oxygenated hydrocarbons can also be performed at low reaction temperatures, for example, 500 K, thermodynamically favoring hydrogen formation with low carbon monoxide content. (hindawi.com)

Novel spherical mesoporous MnAl x catalysts were prepared by a simple precipitation method. (aaqr.org)
In this study, spherical mesoporous MnAl x catalysts with different molar ratios were prepared using a simple precipitation method. (aaqr.org)

Efficient electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are paramount to the development of electrochemical devices for clean energy and fuel conversion. (nature.com)
Benchmarking hydrogen evolving reaction and oxygen evolving reaction electrocatalysts for solar water splitting devices. (nature.com)
Dr. Noufal's research primarily centers on developing reproducible, cost-effective catalysts for hydrogen and oxygen electrochemical reactions. (tmcnet.com)

Under such conditions a new reaction occurs, the so-called "Enhanced SCR" reaction, 2 NH₃ + 2 NO + NH₄NO₃ → 3 N₂ + 5 H₂O. (sae.org)

The global market for catalyst and catalyst regeneration reached nearly $23.2 billion and nearly $24.6 billion in 2013 and 2014, respectively. (bccresearch.com)
An overview of the global markets for catalysts with a focus on catalyst regeneration. (bccresearch.com)
Evaluation of the role of catalyst regeneration as a key input for the production of high-quality, clean transportation fuels, and environmental cleanup of dangerous pollutants. (bccresearch.com)
While the core focus of the report is catalyst regeneration, we also review the global catalyst market and provide forecasts for various segments, as the catalyst market trends strongly drive the regeneration market trends. (bccresearch.com)
Catalyst regeneration technology by application. (bccresearch.com)
Regulatory aspects affecting the catalyst regeneration marketplace. (bccresearch.com)
Catalyst regeneration market scenarios and projections. (bccresearch.com)
Analysis of patents in catalyst regeneration. (bccresearch.com)

Standardized benchmarking of water splitting catalysts in a combined electrochemical flow cell/inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) setup. (nature.com)

One distinctive aspect of his work is the utilization of graphene-based catalysts, renowned for their unique properties and enhanced conductivity. (tmcnet.com)
Disadvantages of biodiesel include utilization of edible oils for fuel production, generation of wastewater, and inability to recycle catalysts from the production process. (usda.gov)

For some other reactions, clusters of the catalytically active metal atom are needed to activate chemical bonds and obtain the desired products. (nature.com)
[6] Estimates are that 90% of all commercially produced chemical products involve catalysts at some stage in the process of their manufacture. (wikipedia.org)
Advances in catalyst technology lead to reductions in chemical waste, energy loss and costs. (usd.edu)
By clicking "Subscribe" you agree to receive C&EN's newsletter and provide permission for American Chemical Society (ACS Publications and C&EN) to email you in accordance with the ACS Privacy Policy . (acs.org)
Instead of a complex chemical reaction that produces all kinds of waste substances, we use a simple reaction with an inexpensive iron-based catalyst, whereby water is the only waste substance. (rug.nl)
Apart from being cheaper, less toxic and not needing extra chemical reactions that produce waste substances, the new catalyst also works in an environmentally friendly solvent, CPME. (rug.nl)
Consequently, mines should be aware of the chemical composition of any catalysts they choose to employ and the resulting impact on NO 2 emissions. (cdc.gov)

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs164

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes54

Disciplines and Occupations4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture11

Information Science3

Health Care8

Hydrogenation12

Selectivity6

Selective non-catal1

Homogeneous catalysts1

Heterogeneous catalytic reactions2

Oxides6

Oxidation catalyst2

Bimetallic catalysts2

Synthesis8

Efficiency5

Reactor7

Palladium catalyst1

Oxide4

Nanoparticles4

Decomposition3

Activity17

Kinetics1

Presence of a catalyst3

Mechanism7

Dehydrogenation4

Surface16

Reduction3

Situ2

Substrate4

Temperature10

Characterization1

Processes5

Nitrogen1

Water-Gas Shif1

PtNi1

Reactors1

Efficient catalyst2

Proteins1

Reactivity1

Iron catalyst1

Hydrogen production2

Model catalyst1

Rate of a chemical reaction1

Intermediates1

Organic2

Transition4

Toluene2

Suitable1

Stability2

19811

Adsorption2

Diesel fuel2

Carbon dioxide1

Compounds4

Temperatures1

Spherical2

Oxygen3

Occurs1

Regeneration8

Electrochemical1

Utilization2

Chemical7