PeroxidaseSuperoxidePolyphenolNADPHAntioxidantXanthine oxidaseRedoxMitochondriaMagnesiumVitaminEnzymaticSymptomsDifficultiesLevelsStressEnzymesIntracellularInhibitionWater solublePeroxidasesCytochromeHydrogen peroxideAminotriazoleAccumulationSignificantlyVitroExposureGeneInvolvesCellsAntioxidantActivityProducePresenceRecentAnalysis
Peroxidase18
- The aim of this work was to investigate changes in isoenzyme patterns of enzymes related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in cotton under Mg deficiency. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- The results showed that the stress increased the activity of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and ascorbate peroxidase and metabolites such as soluble sugars, proline and total protein. (ac.ir)
- Antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and guaiacol peroxidase) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) activities, endogenous SA contents, hydrogen peroxide, proline, and soluble sugar were determined immediately after PEG treatment. (ktu.edu.tr)
- Furthermore, the activities of antioxidative enzymes catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were increased by ethylene + H 2 S treatment in comparison with ethylene alone, whereas the activities of lipoxygenase (LOX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were attenuated by H 2 S treatment. (ashs.org)
- Due to the fact that most oxidative enzymes in this study increased in response to stress, it can be concluded that catalase, superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase can eliminate ROS in this plant. (ac.ir)
- Most antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, increased in activity under the influence of stress. (ac.ir)
- Results showed that under water stress regimes, the 100 ppm of prepared NPs stimulate the antioxidant system by increasing the activity of catalases (CAT), super oxidases (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes and found the maximum at IR50, while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased due to increase in activity of antioxidative enzymes. (edu.au)
- The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in the resistant cultivars increased much faster and reached much higher peak levels than those in susceptible cultivars. (sciendo.com)
- Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) have the ability to scavenge the ROS and maintain them at low levels. (hindawi.com)
- Ascorbate peroxidase has vital defensive role against ROS [ 17 ] and can catalyze the breakdown of H 2 O 2 that is produced by SOD. (hindawi.com)
- In latest several years, considerable proof has gathered suggesting that physiologically relevant concentrations of SA remedy can boost H2O2 levels, and H2O2 has been proposed as currently being functionally downstream of SA in plants dependent on the proof that SA can participate in regulating the antioxidant enzymes, these kinds of as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) [61,78,91-94]. (idhinhibitor.com)
- The different antioxidant enzymes show disparate behaviour with signalling molecule NO. The activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and nitrate reductase were upregulated whereas ascorbate peroxidase was downregulated with NO. The elevated activities of antioxidant and NO accumulation might be responsible for detoxifying the detrimental effect of salinity in B. juncea . (vegetosindia.org)
- Chen GX, Asada K (1989) Ascorbate peroxidase in tea leaves: occurrence of two isozymes and the differences in their enzymatic and molecular properties. (vegetosindia.org)
- The activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate-peroxidase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) and the amount of non-enzymatic compounds (malondialdehyde and thiol) significantly decerased in the third and the fourth instar larvae of H. variegata on the micronutrient treatments compared to control. (ac.ir)
- The increase of superoxide dismutase activity can indicate the occurrence of oxidative stress in the body of the third and the fourth instar larvae of predator H. variegata could be assigned to the accumulation of H2O2 in the body of M. persicae under the influence of the defensive secondary metabolites, which led to increase the activity of catalase and peroxidase. (ac.ir)
- Polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase in apple leaves inoculated with a virulent or an avirulent strain for Erwinia amylovora . (ac.ir)
- Exposure to Se or mimosine exhibited a differential response in the mitochondrial catalase and ascorbate peroxidase (Asc-Px) activities. (typeset.io)
- 1, 3) Antioxidants, such as Coenzyme Q10, alpha lipoic acid and NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) and anti-catabolic enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase minimize the damage due to ROS. (life-enthusiast.com)
Superoxide4
- Similarly, EPR spin-trapping experiments in the presence of zymosan-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that non-purified SWCNT more effectively converted superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase/xanthine into hydroxyl radicals as compared to purified SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
- ATOX1 for instance, delivers copper to the ATPases, CCS distributes copper to Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), COX17 delivers the copper to the cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondria, and MURR1 is implicated in the lysosomal storage of copper as well as the excretion into bile. (vin.com)
- The enzymatic defense against oxidative stress consists of several tightly regulated proteins such as superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and Catalase (CAT). (vin.com)
- Cadmium increased catalase activity in WT plants and decreased it in Atrboh mutants, while glutathione reductase and glycolate oxidase activities increased in Atrboh mutants, and superoxide dismutases were down-regulated inAtrbohC. (conicet.gov.ar)
Polyphenol2
- Further analyses revealed that the relative resistance index (RRI) significantly positively correlated with the activities of SOD, APX, POD and PAL, but not with catalase (CAT) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), suggesting that early rapid accumulation of SOD, APX, PAL and POD might be an important mechanism of defence against Xad and could serve as one of the valuable physiological indices for the prediction of BB resistance in anthurium germplasm. (sciendo.com)
- Arnon DI (1949) Copper enzymes in isolated chloroplasts: polyphenol oxidases in Beta vulgaris . (vegetosindia.org)
NADPH3
- Moreover, we aimed to elucidate how a ROS producer, NADPH oxidase (NOX), responds to changing Mg levels. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- DPI, a distinct inhibitor of membrane-joined NADPH oxidase, which is one particular of the principal resources of H2O2 development in plant cells, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity and also inhibited ARF in mung bean hypocotyls. (idhinhibitor.com)
- The role of NADPH oxidases under cadmium (Cd) toxicity was studied using Arabidopsis thaliana mutants AtrbohC, AtrbohD and AtrbohFwhich were grown under hydroponic conditions with 25 and 100 μM Cd for 1 and 5 days. (conicet.gov.ar)
Antioxidant1
- Clinically, in a disease ameliorated by ascorbate, there is a suppression of symptoms only with very high doses and approximately to that extent which a nonrate-limited,_antioxidant_free_radical_scavenger, might be expected to affect that disease process if all harmful free radicals and highly reactive oxidizing substances were quenched. (mall-net.com)
Xanthine oxidase1
- did not protect the degradation of cartilage collagen by xanthine and xanthine oxidase. (koreascience.kr)
Redox2
- SWCNT with different iron content displayed different redox activity in a cell-free model system as revealed by EPR-detectable formation of ascorbate radicals resulting from ascorbate oxidation. (cdc.gov)
- but if the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AA/DHA) ratio is kept high (the redox potential kept reducing) until the unstable dehydro- ascorbate undergoes hydrolysis or can be reduced back to ascorbate, the dehydroascorbate will do no harm. (mall-net.com)
Mitochondria1
- In the Se groups, both catalase and Asc-Px in mitochondria decreased by 50-60%, which was contrasted by 60% increase in Asc-Px activity and 40% in catalase activity in mimosine groups. (typeset.io)
Magnesium1
- Mixtures of mineral ascorbates (calcium, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and sometimes sodium) are used in certain circumstances to increase bowel tolerance for even more clinical effectiveness but do not clearly demonstrate the increasing bowel tolerance phenomenon being discussed here. (mall-net.com)
Vitamin2
- Patients with renal (kidney) failure have difficulties processing vitamin C , and the excess ascorbate can accumulate in the body in harmful levels. (neilriordanivc.com)
- Knowledge of the known vitamin functions of ascorbate would not have allowed one to predict these beneficial results. (mall-net.com)
Enzymatic1
- Non-enzymatic defenses are exerted by molecules such as alpha-tocopherol, betacarotene, ascorbate, and a ubiquitous low molecular thiol component, Glutathione. (vin.com)
Symptoms1
- Low or moderate doses (doses substantially below bowel tolerance) usually had no noticeable immediate beneficial effects, but high doses (doses just below the amount that would produce diarrhea in a patient tolerant to ascorbate) would have the effect of markedly suppressing symptoms as the high dose levels were reached. (mall-net.com)
Difficulties1
- There was a remarkable lack of systemic difficulties in these patients that could be directly related to the massive doses of ascorbate. (mall-net.com)
Levels1
- Catalase reduces ROS levels by catalyzing the breakdown of H 2 O 2 into H 2 O and O 2 [ 12 , 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
Stress1
- Catalase was able to partially protect macrophages against SWCNT induced elevation of biomarkers of oxidative stress (enhancement of lipid peroxidation and GSH depletion). (cdc.gov)
Enzymes1
- In the expression and possible role of the major antioxidant enzymes (AOEs), the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase, and mechanisms closely related to glutathione (GSH) metabolism were investigated in the biopsies of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma and/or cell lines in culture. (charismaticplanet.com)
Intracellular3
- Inhibition of intracellular catalase with aminotriazole had little effect on H(2)O(2) generation, whereas exogenously added catalase significantly reduced H(2)O(2) production, demonstrating a large extracellular contribution to ROS generation. (nih.gov)
- Nickel depletes intracellular ascorbate, which leads to the inhibition of cellular hydroxylases, manifested by the loss of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α and - 2α hydroxylation and hypoxia-like stress. (nih.gov)
- They, however, also contained higher intracellular GSH levels and catalase than mesothelioma cells and had elevated levels of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γGCS). (charismaticplanet.com)
Inhibition1
- Inhibition of catalase may render skin more susceptible to the damaging effects of hydrogen peroxide and its reaction products such as the hydroxyl radical. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
Water soluble2
- [ 34 ] Likewise, water soluble antioxidants such as ascorbate, urate and glutathione have been studied as liposomal cargoes, enclosed in the hydrophilic core of the liposome. (medscape.com)
- Recent findings indicate the first molecular line of defense against free-radical lipid peroxidation damage in the body involves water-soluble vitamin L-ascorbate (i.e., in salt form at physiological pH values). (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
Peroxidases1
- Moreover, this study has elucidated that SA‐induced stomatal closure involves extracellular oxidative burst (Figs 2 & 3) and that the extracellular oxidative burst is mediated with SHAM‐sensitive peroxidases but not NAD(P)H oxidases (Figs 1d & 2). (rehabsociety.org.hk)
Cytochrome1
- The redox condition of Cyt provides been shown to become a significant factor for Cyt is normally oxidized by cytochrome oxidase, as well as the oxidized Cyt assists the cell to endure apoptosis by some biochemical system. (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Hydrogen peroxide1
- SOD converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and catalase converts hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen 5 . (ersjournals.com)
Aminotriazole1
- The role of GSH and catalase were also investigated by treating the Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma cells and A549 adenocarcinoma cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), to block glutathione synthesis, and aminotriazole (ATZ) to inhibit catalase. (charismaticplanet.com)
Accumulation1
- The results revealed that photosynthetic pigments, accumulation of catalase (CAT), phenolic contents, polyphenol oxidase, and flavanols are higher in the IAA and SL3-treated plants than in the non-inoculated plants. (bvsalud.org)
Significantly2
- Damage to mesencephalic dopamine and GABA cell populations were significantly attenuated when carried out in the presence of ascorbate or SOD, indicative of a free radical-mediated contribution to toxicity. (nih.gov)
- In a previous study of 36 nonpulmonary malignant solid tumours, catalase activity in erythrocytes was significantly elevated, suggesting an adaptive response to oxidative stress 10 . (ersjournals.com)
Vitro1
- Even in the presence of high levels of Vitamin E, in vitro experiments indicate L-ascorbate is consumed first because it reduces atocopheroxyl radical back to atocopherol. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
Exposure3
- Thus, the depletion of ascorbate by chronic exposure to nickel could be deleterious for lung cells and may lead to lung cancer. (nih.gov)
- [ 29 ] The same group reported a protective effect against exposure to high respiratory oxygen in newborn rats treated with daily injections of liposomes containing SOD and catalase. (medscape.com)
- the role of catalase during heavy oxidant exposure is possible. (charismaticplanet.com)
Gene1
- The first of three hypotheses presented here proposes that a genetic defect, caused by either free radicals or a virus, deleted the gene needed by Anthropoidea to manufacture endogenous ascorbate. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
Involves1
- Kinetoplastids, composed of parasites from the genera expresses a unique plant-like ascorbate-dependent hemoperoxidase whose activity continues to be from the reduced amount of the parasite-specific thiol trypanothione by ascorbate in an activity that involves non-enzymatic connections (11). (arcticcirclescotland.com)
Cells1
- Mesothelioma cell line expressing the highest MnSOD (10 fold compared to non-malignant mesothelial cells) levels also had the highest levels of GSH, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and catalase, and was the most resistant cell line to oxidants and cytotoxic drugs. (charismaticplanet.com)
Antioxidant1
- This partial impairment of the cutaneous antioxidant defense system by near ultraviolet/visible light, showing that the most susceptible component in skin is catalase, suggests possible pharmacological interventions. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
Activity4
- SWCNT with different iron content displayed different redox activity in a cell-free model system as revealed by EPR-detectable formation of ascorbate radicals resulting from ascorbate oxidation. (cdc.gov)
- Impairment of cutaneous catalase and glutathione reductase activity was observed. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
- Catalase activity in both epidermis and dermis had returned to only 50% of control activity at 120 h, although the epidermis showed a temporary increase (to 93%) at 24 h. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
- In subjects with lung cancer, there was similar catalase activity, lower SOD activity (median (interquartile range) 13.4 (9.0-27.2) versus 48.7 (27.0-64.3) U·(ghaemoglobulin(Hb) -1 ), and higher GPx activity (175.2 (126.6-288.3) versus 49.2 (39.5-59.2) mU·(gHb) -1 ) compared with controls. (ersjournals.com)
Produce2
- It is generally believed that, approximately 25 million years ago, an ancestor of the Anthropoidea primate suborder, which includes Homo sapiens, lost the ability to produce its own ascorbate, and all descending species inherited this genetic defect. (majesticaestheticswellness.com)
- Monoamine oxidases (MAO-A and MAO-B), that catalyse oxidative deamination of primary amines, produce H 2 O 2 . (turkupetcentre.net)
Presence1
- Similarly, EPR spin-trapping experiments in the presence of zymosan-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that non-purified SWCNT more effectively converted superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase/xanthine into hydroxyl radicals as compared to purified SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
Recent1
- A recent study has identified decreased catalase and increased Mn SOD expressions in resected nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) 9 . (ersjournals.com)
Analysis1
- Creatine + H20 Sarcosine + Urea This enzyme is used for enzymatic determination of creatine and creatinine when coupled with creatinine amidohydrolase sarcosine dehydrogenase or sarcosine oxidase and formaldehyde dehydrogenase in clinical analysis. (enzytec.com)