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MonosaccharidesGlucoseRegulatorMechanismProteinsTransportsRegulationBiofuelsFasterTransportCellSingle

Monosaccharides3

• The galactose permease or GalP found in Escherichia coli is an integral membrane protein involved in the transport of monosaccharides, primarily hexoses, for utilization by E. coli in glycolysis and other metabolic and catabolic pathways (3,4). (wikipedia.org)
• The aim of this study was to quantify uptake of pentose and hexose monosaccharides in an industrial substrate and to present a kinetic growth model of C. saccharolyticus that includes sugar uptake on defined and industrial media. (biomedcentral.com)
• Additionally, numerous transporters with overlapping sugar specificities for monosaccharides increase the potential capability to transport glucose [ 6 ] , indicating the extraordinary capability and plasticity of transporting and growing glucose as a carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)

Glucose12

• Glucose, galactose and other hexoses are transported by GalP by the use of the proton gradient produced by the electron transport chain and reversible ATPase (1). (wikipedia.org)
• GalP can bind specifically to the hexoses with preferential binding of galactose and glucose through the pores in each monomer (2,3). (wikipedia.org)
• GalP can transport lactose or fructose but with low affinity, only allowing these sugars to "leak" across the membrane when glucose, galactose, or other hexoses aren't present for transport (4). (wikipedia.org)
• The experimental data included four different cases: glucose, xylose, sugar mixture, and wheat straw hydrolysate (WSH) fermentations. (biomedcentral.com)
• The substrate uptake rate of C. saccharolyticus on single sugar-defined media was higher on glucose compared to xylose. (biomedcentral.com)
• In contrast, in the defined sugar mixture and WSH, the pentoses were consumed faster than glucose. (biomedcentral.com)
• Moreover, the observation indicates a regulation system that has fundamental research relevance, since pentose and glucose uptake in C. saccharolyticus has only been described with ABC transporters, whereas previously reported diauxic growth phenomena have been correlated mainly to PTS systems for sugar uptake. (biomedcentral.com)
• Glucose is the primary substrate used as the carbon source for laboratory and industrial cultivation of E. coli for production purposes. (encyclopedia.pub)
• Nevertheless, due to the high number of sugar transporters, E. coli uses preferentially few systems to grow in glucose as the sole carbon source. (encyclopedia.pub)
• Glucose is the essential carbon source for growing and cultivating heterotrophic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli , for laboratory and production purposes. (encyclopedia.pub)
• E. coli preferentially uses glucose in the presence of sugar mixtures, preventing using other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)
• Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms control the preferential use of glucose over other sugars. (encyclopedia.pub)

Regulator1

• The cAMP/CRP catabolite repression regulator is most likely involved in the regulation of GalP expression (Figure 2) (9). (wikipedia.org)

Mechanism1

• Although the basis of GRAIL remains uncertain, it is clear that the mechanism is distinct from conventional catabolite repression. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Proteins3

• GalS is seen to bind only in the presence of GalR, so both of these proteins are required for repression (11). (wikipedia.org)
• The EcoCyc database describes 532 transport reactions, 480 transporters, and 97 proteins involved in sugar transport. (encyclopedia.pub)
• Among them, 97 proteins are involved in sugar transport ( Table 1 ). (encyclopedia.pub)

Transports1

• It transports these sugars at faster rates with a proton gradient but can still transport them in a leaky fashion without a proton gradient present (4). (wikipedia.org)

Regulation1

• How bacteria talk to each other: regulation of gene expression by quorum sensing. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Biofuels1

• Microorganisms such as acetogens, carboxytrophs and methanogens are able to utilize the CO2 + H2, and/or CO available in such syngas as their sole source of carbon and energy for growth as well as the production of biofuels and other valuable products. (banksolar.ru)

Faster1

• This sugar is the primary carbon and energy source for large-scale biotechnological processes and provides faster and optimum growth compared with other carbon sources. (encyclopedia.pub)

Transport2

• As stated before GalP shares similarities with GLUT1 and other members of the MFS and like GLUT1, GalP can be inhibited by the antibiotics cytochalasin B and forskolin (Figure 1a) (3), which competitively bind to the pore blocking sugar transport into the cell (2,3,4). (wikipedia.org)
• Efficient growth and associated production and yield of desired products depend on the efficient sugar transport capabilities, sugar catabolism through the central carbon catabolism, and the efficient carbon flux through specific biosynthetic pathways. (encyclopedia.pub)

Cell1

• Small talk: cell-cell communication in bacteria. (microbiologyresearch.org)

Single1

• Alternatively, processes using cellulolytic microorganisms (such as C. cellulolyticum, C. thermocellum, and C. phytofermentans) to carry out both the hydrolysis of lignocelluloses and sugar fermentation in a single step, termed 'Consolidated Bioprocessing Process (CBP)' [ 12 ] have been proposed, how-ever the development of these is still at an early stage, and again low conversion rates seem to be a major limitation that needs to be overcome. (banksolar.ru)