AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and Drugs
Sodium CyanidePotassium CyanideCyanidesChemoreceptor CellsManihotCarotid BodyHydrogen CyanidePotassiumAnoxiaSodium AzideSodiumDinitrophenols
Major sources of cyanide exposureHydrogen cyaArea where the cyanideSaltsColorless gasLevels of cyanideTapiocaContains cyanideExposureGaseousCompoundsInhalationCyanogen chlorideToxicChemicalsMaking it less harmful outdoorsRootsOdorThiosulphateToxicityAlmonds1980sManiocPoisoningEntersHistoricallyEthanolHarmfulBreathingInterferesConsumptionRapidlyUptakePotentOxygenSeedsExtractFatty acidsFoodsDesignationLiquidComaMagnesiumSymptomsSoapGlycosidesAmountsSoilProcedureProduceFoundPlasticsChemical
Major sources of cyanide exposure2
  • Smoking cigarettes and breathing smoke-filled air during fires are major sources of cyanide exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Smoking cigarettes is probably one of the major sources of cyanide exposure for people who do not work in cyanide-related industries. (rxlist.com)
Hydrogen cya4
Area where the cyanide4
  • First, get fresh air by leaving the area where the cyanide was released. (rxlist.com)
  • If the cyanide release was outside, move away from the area where the cyanide was released. (rxlist.com)
  • Since inhalation is likely to be the primary route of exposure to cyanide, leave the area where the cyanide gas were released and get to fresh air. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
  • If you cannot get out of the area where the cyanide gas was released, stay as low to the ground as possible. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
Salts3
  • ToxFAQsTM Internet address is http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxfaq.html depends in part on the form of cyanide, such as hydrogen cyanide smoke from burning plastics contains cyanide (and carbon gas or cyanide salts. (cdc.gov)
  • Hydrogen cyanide (HCN, also known as prussic acid) is a volatile liquid that boils at 25.6° C (78.1° F). Potassium and sodium cyanide salts are water soluble, whereas mercury, copper, gold, and silver cyanide salts are poorly water soluble. (medscape.com)
  • Cyanide salts are used in metallurgy for electroplating, metal cleaning, and removing gold from its ore. (rxlist.com)
Colorless gas2
  • Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless gas with a faint, bitter, almond-like odor. (cdc.gov)
  • Poisoning with cyanide , a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist as a colorless gas, such as hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or cyanogen chloride (CNCl), or a crystal form such as sodium cyanide (NaCN) or potassium cyanide (KCN). (rxlist.com)
Levels of cyanide3
  • Exposure to high levels of cyanide harms the brain and heart, and may cause coma and death. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to high levels of cyanide for a monoxide). (cdc.gov)
  • Blood levels of cyanide can be measured but take time. (wikipedia.org)
Tapioca9
  • However, the edible parts of plants that are eaten in the United States, including tapioca which is made from cassava roots, contain relatively low amounts of cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • Eating foods naturally containing cyanide compounds, such as tapioca (made from cassava roots), lima beans, and almonds. (cdc.gov)
  • States, including tapioca which is made from cassava roots, into underground water. (cdc.gov)
  • What happens to cyanide when it enters the as tapioca (made from cassava roots), lima beans, and almonds. (cdc.gov)
  • Foods including cassava (also known as tapioca, yuca or manioc) and bamboo shoots. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tapioca originates from the cassava plant, native to South America. (healthifyme.com)
  • Tapioca is a starchy food derived from the cassava root. (healthifyme.com)
  • To make tapioca, the cassava roots are peeled, grated, and then pressed to extract the liquid. (healthifyme.com)
  • Tapioca, derived from cassava roots, offers a versatile and gluten-free option in various cuisines. (healthifyme.com)
Contains cyanide2
  • People may be exposed to cyanide by breathing air, drinking water, eating food, or touching soil that contains cyanide. (rxlist.com)
  • Bitter almonds are occasionally used in oil form, but it's widely understood that bitter almond is toxic in even some small doses as it contains cyanide. (ashalathaivf.com)
Exposure11
  • cyanide uptake into the body through the skin is slower than these other means of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide poisoning is poisoning that results from exposure to any of a number of forms of cyanide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other potential routes of exposure include workplaces involved in metal polishing, certain insecticides, the medication sodium nitroprusside, and certain seeds such as those of apples and apricots. (wikipedia.org)
  • whereas, a deficiency might worsen negative health effects following exposure to cyanide. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, cyanide exposure occurs relatively frequently in patients with smoke inhalation from residential or industrial fires. (medscape.com)
  • Cyanide exposure most often occurs via inhalation or ingestion, but liquid cyanide can be absorbed through the skin or eyes. (medscape.com)
  • Poisoning caused by cyanide depends on the amount of cyanide a person is exposed to and the route and duration of exposure. (rxlist.com)
  • Exposure to a large amount of cyanide by any route may cause these other health effects as well: convulsions, low blood pressure ( hypotension ), slow heart rate ( bradycardia ), loss of consciousness, lung injury and respiratory failure leading to death. (rxlist.com)
  • Moving to an area with fresh air is a good way to reduce the possibility of death from exposure to cyanide gas. (rxlist.com)
  • Quickly moving to an area where fresh air is available is highly effective in reducing exposure to cyanide gas. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
  • Exposure to hydrogen cyanide (AC) can be rapidly fatal. (cdc.gov)
Gaseous2
  • Cyanide exists in gaseous, liquid, and solid forms. (medscape.com)
  • Cyanide was first used as a chemical weapon in the form of gaseous HCN in World War I. Starting in 1915, the French military used approximately 4000 tons of cyanide, without notable success. (medscape.com)
Compounds10
  • Cyanide is usually found joined with other chemicals to form compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of simple cyanide compounds are hydrogen cyanide, sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • In certain plant foods, including almonds, millet sprouts, lima beans, soy, spinach, bamboo shoots, and cassava roots (which are a major source of food in tropical countries), cyanides occur naturally as part of sugars or other naturally-occurring compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Some cyanide compounds in soil can form hydrogen cyanide and evaporate, whereas some cyanide compounds will be transformed into other chemical forms by microorganisms in soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Examples of simple cyanide compounds are ` Cyanide in water does not build up in the bodies of fish. (cdc.gov)
  • In certain compounds in soil can form hydrogen cyanide and evaporate, plant foods, including almonds, millet sprouts, lima beans, soy, whereas some cyanide compounds will be transformed into other spinach, bamboo shoots, and cassava roots (which are a major chemical forms by microorganisms in soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Workers who inhaled low levels of hydrogen cyanide certain plastics (e.g., polyacrylamines, polyacrylics, over a period of years had breathing difficulties, chest pain, polyurethane, etc.). vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the Compounds that release cyanide are naturally present in plants. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, a number of cyanide-containing compounds, known as cyanogens, may release cyanide during metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • mediation of sulfur ion transfer to cyanide or to other thiol compounds. (researchwap.net)
  • Cassava (( Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaf stalk is a renewable raw material and it is a major industrial crop in Tamilnadu rich in antioxidant compounds. (ijpsr.com)
Inhalation2
  • Toxicity from inhalation of cyanide gas manifests rapidly. (medscape.com)
  • Hydrogen cyanide (AC) can affect the body by ingestion, inhalation, skin contact, or eye contact. (cdc.gov)
Cyanogen chloride1
Toxic3
  • At the high concentrations, cyanide becomes toxic to soil microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • At the high source of food in tropical countries), cyanides occur naturally concentrations, cyanide becomes toxic to soil microorganisms. (cdc.gov)
  • Breathing cyanide gas causes the most harm, but ingesting cyanide can be toxic as well. (rxlist.com)
Chemicals3
  • chemicals production, photographic developing, manufacture ` Breathing air near a hazardous waste site containing cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • If accidentally ingested (swallowed), chemicals found in acetonitrile-based products that are used to remove artificial nails can produce cyanide. (rxlist.com)
  • Traditionally, gold mining has depended on harsh chemicals such as cyanide and mercury to extract gold from ore. (ocrustenhove.be)
Making it less harmful outdoors1
  • Cyanide gas evaporates and disperses quickly in open spaces, making it less harmful outdoors. (rxlist.com)
Roots1
  • In the tropics, the roots of cassava are an important source of carbohydrates for human consumption. (ijpsr.com)
Odor2
  • Sodium cyanide and potassium cyanide are both white solids with a bitter, almond-like odor in damp air. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide sometimes is described as having a " bitter almond " smell , but it does not always give off an odor, and not everyone can detect this odor. (rxlist.com)
Thiosulphate2
  • Sodium thiosulphate may also be given. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although not as aggressive a leaching agent as cyanide, thiosulphate offers several technological advantages including its lower toxicity and greater efficiency with gold deposits associated with pregrobbing ores. (ocrustenhove.be)
Toxicity1
  • Cyanide toxicity is generally considered to be a rare form of poisoning. (medscape.com)
Almonds1
1980s1
  • Other alleged military uses of cyanide include Japanese attacks on China before and during World War II and Iraqi attacks on Kurds in the 1980s. (medscape.com)
Manioc1
  • In Central Africa, Angola, funge , a starchy food resembling fufu, is prepared when you boil and stir corn (maize) or manioc (cassava) meal into a stiff porridge, is the most typical and traditional accompaniment to Muamba de Galinha. (spotcovery.com)
Poisoning8
  • Some of the first indications of cyanide poisoning are rapid, deep breathing and shortness of breath, followed by convulsions (seizures) and loss of consciousness. (cdc.gov)
  • As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with oxidative phosphorylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 1 ] In addition, intensive treatment with sodium nitroprusside or long-term consumption of cyanide-containing foods is a possible source of cyanide poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • [ 3 ] may lead to cyanide poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • Survivors of serious cyanide poisoning may develop heart and brain damage. (rxlist.com)
  • Cyanide poisoning is treated with specific antidotes and supportive medical care in a hospital setting. (rxlist.com)
  • Consequently, the tissues with the highest oxygen requirements (brain and heart) are the most profoundly affected by acute cyanide poisoning. (medscape.com)
  • The focus of this article is poisoning from organophosphates , cyanide , ethylene glycol and methanol , laundry and cleaning products, mushrooms and plants, and carbon dioxide. (amboss.com)
Enters3
  • What happens to cyanide when it enters the environment? (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide enters air, water, and soil from both natural processes and industrial activities. (cdc.gov)
  • Once absorbed, cyanide enters the bloodstream and is distributed rapidly to all organs and tissues in the body. (medscape.com)
Historically1
  • Historically, cyanide has been used for mass suicide and it was used for genocide by the Nazis. (wikipedia.org)
Ethanol1
  • Jiangsu Dongcheng Biotechnology's 150000 t/a cassava ordinary ethanol plant was shut down, and the enterprise's ordinary external quotation was 6850 RMB/t. (sunsirs.com)
Harmful1
  • Cyanide is more harmful to the heart and brain than to other organs because the heart and brain use a great deal of oxygen. (rxlist.com)
Breathing3
  • Breathing air near a hazardous waste site containing cyanide. (cdc.gov)
  • Workers who inhaled low levels of hydrogen cyanide over a period of years had breathing difficulties, chest pain, vomiting, blood changes, headaches, and enlargement of the thyroid gland. (cdc.gov)
  • People exposed to a small amount of cyanide by breathing it, absorbing it through their skin, or eating foods that contain it may have some or all of the following symptoms within minutes: rapid breathing, restlessness, dizziness, weakness, headache, nausea and vomiting, and rapid heart rate. (rxlist.com)
Interferes1
  • Therefore, cyanide interferes not only with aerobic respiration but also with the ATP synthesis pathway it facilitates, owing to the close relationship between those two processes. (wikipedia.org)
Consumption1
  • Cassava has been recognised as one of the most important food crops in Uganda, second to bananas in terms of area cultivated, total production and per capita consumption 10 . (ijpsr.com)
Rapidly4
  • Cyanide is a rapidly lethal agent when used in enclosed spaces where high concentrations can be achieved easily. (medscape.com)
  • Cyanide is a rapidly acting, potentially deadly chemical that can exist in various forms. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
  • If you think you may have been exposed to cyanide, you should remove your clothing, rapidly wash your entire body with soap and water, and get medical care as quickly as possible. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
  • Cassava was introduced in Uganda sometime after 1862, and it rapidly spread to most parts of the country 8 where it provided a basic daily source of dietary energy. (ijpsr.com)
Uptake1
  • In case of radiation emergencies, current preventive measures include the distribution of pharmacologic doses of potassium iodide that would reduce the risk of significant uptake of 131 I by the thyroid gland. (oregonstate.edu)
Potent1
  • Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. (wikipedia.org)
Oxygen2
  • Cyanide ions interfere with cellular respiration, resulting in the body's tissues being unable to use oxygen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cyanide prevents the cells of the body from getting oxygen. (rxlist.com)
Seeds1
Extract2
  • Three difficult solvents were tried to extract total phenol and anthocyanin from cassava leaf stalks. (ijpsr.com)
  • The presence of phenolic compound and anthocyanin determine the free radical scavenging activity in cassava leaf stalk extract. (ijpsr.com)
Fatty acids1
Foods3
  • Certain bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce cyanide, and cyanide is found in a number of foods and plants. (cdc.gov)
  • Some cyanide cyanide is found in a number of foods and plants. (cdc.gov)
  • Cyanide is naturally present in some foods and in certain plants such as cassava . (rxlist.com)
Designation1
  • Hydrogen cyanide (AC) is a chemical warfare agent (military designation, AC). (cdc.gov)
Liquid5
  • Liquid forms of cyanide can be absorbed through the skin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Remove any clothing that has liquid cyanide on it. (rxlist.com)
  • Wash any liquid cyanide from the skin thoroughly with soap and water. (rxlist.com)
  • Indoor Air: Hydrogen cyanide (AC) can be released into indoor air as a liquid spray (aerosol) or as a gas. (cdc.gov)
  • Agricultural: If hydrogen cyanide (AC) is released into the air as a liquid spray (aerosol), it has the potential to contaminate agricultural products. (cdc.gov)
Coma1
  • If hydrogen cyanide is inhaled, it can cause a coma with seizures, apnea, and cardiac arrest, with death following in a matter of seconds. (wikipedia.org)
Magnesium1
  • Un-dehulled toasted breadfruit has higher amounts of calcium, phosphorous, sodium and zinc, while dehulled toasted breadfruit has higher potassium, magnesium, and iron. (pharmchoices.com)
Symptoms2
  • cassava is a staple food in various parts of West Africa) results in increased blood cyanide levels, which can result in weakness and a variety of symptoms, including permanent paralysis, nervous lesions, hypothyroidism, and miscarriages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Showing these signs and symptoms does not necessarily mean that a person has been exposed to cyanide. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
Soap1
Glycosides1
  • the cyanogenic glycosides, lotaustralin and linamarin, from the fresh leaves of cassava. (ijpsr.com)
Amounts2
  • You are not likely to be exposed to large enough amounts of cyanide in the environment to cause adverse health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • The failure of this measure was probably attributable to the high volatility of cyanide and the inability of the 1- to 2-lb munitions used to deliver the amounts of chemical required for biologic effects. (medscape.com)
Soil3
  • Cyanides are fairly mobile in soil. (cdc.gov)
  • Once in soil, cyanide can be removed through several processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Because these microorganisms can no longer change cyanide to other chemical forms, cyanide is able to passes through soil into underground water. (cdc.gov)
Procedure1
  • The study utilized primary data from 336 cassava processors selected through a multistage sampling procedure in Oyo State. (journaltocs.ac.uk)
Produce2
  • Certain bacteria, fungi, and algae can produce cyanide, and be removed through several processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Cassava plants also produce green leaves that are consumed as vegetables in some parts of sub-Saharan Africa such as Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Uganda, Nigeria, and some Asian countries, the Philippines, Indonesia and Malaysia 2 . (ijpsr.com)
Found2
  • Cyanide has been found in at least 471 of the 1,662 National Priorities List sites identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
  • There has been no report, so far, on the anthocyanin content from the leaf stalks of cassava considering some natural edible components with confirmed antioxidant activity, special attention has been given to flavonoids, anthocyanins and chlorophyll, which are commonly found in fruits and vegetables. (ijpsr.com)
Plastics1
  • Cyanide is contained in cigarette smoke and the combustion products of synthetic materials such as plastics. (rxlist.com)
Chemical3
  • If you are near a release of cyanide gas, emergency coordinators may tell you to either evacuate the area or "shelter in place" (stay put and take cover) inside a building to avoid being exposed to the chemical. (ultimatehomehealth.com)
  • Sodium prussiate or sodium ferrocyanide (YPS or E535) is another free-flowing chemical agent industrially produced from hydrogen cyanide. (macroamerica.com)
  • Hydrogen cyanide (AC) is a systemic chemical asphyxiant. (cdc.gov)