• Pardaxin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of human cancer cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses signaling through the AKT pathway, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth of human colon cancer and glioblastoma xenografts. (lclabs.com)
  • Enzastaurin induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines by inhibiting signaling through the AKT pathway, which is caspase-independent. (lclabs.com)
  • Enzastaurin (LY317615), a protein kinase Cβ inhibitor, inhibits the AKT pathway and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. (lclabs.com)
  • Docetaxel, in addition to stabilizing microtubules, also induces apoptosis by downregulating antiapoptotic proteins. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • AA005 induces a unique type of cell death in colorectal adenocarcinoma cells, characterized by lack of caspase-3 activation or apoptotic body formation, sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor Olaparib (AZD2281) but not pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.fmk, and dependence on apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, in certain cell types, the extrinsic pathway also induces mitochondrial damage by cleaving the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein Bid to its activated truncated form (tBid), which leads to Bak and Bax activation. (biologists.com)
  • Midazolam induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial pathway in a concentration-dependent manner. (bmj.com)
  • Downregulation of M1BP ectopically induces JNK, a pro-death pathway, known to activate both apoptosis and caspase-independent (autophagy) cell death. (udayton.edu)
  • Synthesis of the phenotype and gene expression evidence presented here, combined with knowledge from previous research, suggests a new, hypothetical model for mechanisms of apoptosis suppression in eastern oyster hemocytes following P. marinus intracellular infection. (usda.gov)
  • The intracellular parasite Perkinsus marinus causes Dermo disease in eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, and can suppress apoptosis of infected hemocytes using poorly understood mechanisms. (usda.gov)
  • Here, we report that both pathways can be dissected by depletion of intracellular ATP. (diva-portal.org)
  • The characteristics of cell death induced by Ni-CE infection resemble those of apoptosis (rounded and shrunken cells, DNA fragmentation), but the intracellular signalling pathway for this process has not been fully investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The molecular mechanism(s) and intracellular mediators of both spontaneous-and treatment-induced apoptosis are not fully elucidated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Intracellular insults can initiate neuronal apoptosis via mitochondrial dysfunction or intrinsic pathway (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Metallic nickel nano- and fine particles induce JB6 cell apoptosis through a caspase-8/AIF mediated cytochrome c-independent pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003. Caspase-8 and apoptosis-inducing factor mediate a cytochrome c-independent pathway of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells induced by the dietary phytochemical chlorophyllin. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • When the mitochondrial membrane potential changes, apoptosis-inducing factors (AIFs) are also released. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, Tan IIA-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential changes were also further demonstrated by DNA fragmentation, single-cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE), and flow cytometry methods. (hindawi.com)
  • Our work may provide novel therapeutic clues for treating cancers via a non-canonical apoptotic pathway. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The intrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated in response to a variety of stress signals ( Willis and Adams, 2005 ), and a complex interplay of Bcl-2 proteins relays this signal to the mitochondrial outer membrane (OM) to initiate Bak and Bax activation, oligomerisation and OM damage ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • By contrast, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway can activate caspases without the participation of mitochondria. (biologists.com)
  • The study aims to evaluate the apoptotic pathway and to investigate the protective effects of the benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil and the caspase inhibitor N -(2-quinolyl)valyl-aspartyl-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)-methylketone. (bmj.com)
  • The mechanism of drug resistance in tumors are complex, which mainly includes drug concentration reduction in tumor cells, abnormal drug metabolic pathway, DNA damage repair dysfunction, regulation of autophagy, blocking of apoptotic pathways, and self-renewal or proliferation of tumor stem cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
  • Mitochondrial regulation of apoptosis further downstream was investigated, showing changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, and enhanced activation of cleaved caspase-3 and Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). (hindawi.com)
  • With its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity via interaction with several proteins such as RIPK1, RIPK2, RIPK3, RIPK4, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, TRAF1, BCL10 etc., c-IAP2 can regulate NFkB signaling - positive regulation of canonical and negative regulation of non-canonical pathway. (novusbio.com)
  • Another mechanism is up-regulation of pathways that inhibits cell apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • In this Commentary, we discuss the implications of these findings for the regulation of apoptosis by Bcl-2 family proteins. (biologists.com)
  • Since these fundamental processes are conserved in higher organisms, this novel functional link between M1BP and regulation of both apoptosis and autophagy can be extrapolated to humans. (udayton.edu)
  • Granzyme B is able to induce target cell apoptosis by activating caspase independent pathways. (biolegend.com)
  • We demonstrated that the Ni-CE strain induced DNA fragmentation, cell membrane disruption, exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS), activation of caspase-3/7 and anti-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) cleavage, an early apoptosis indicator, whereas the Nishigahara strain did not induce DNA fragmentation, caspase-3/7 activation, cell membrane disruption, or PARP-1 cleavage, but did induce PS exposure. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Through a combination of phenotypic assays, treatment with chemical inhibitors of apoptosis pathway proteins, and dual transcriptomic analysis of C. virginica and P. marinus, we conclude that hemocyte apoptosis in C. virginica is IAP-dependent, P. marinus apoptosis suppression involves caspase-independent apoptosis pathways downstream of mitochondrial permeabilization. (usda.gov)
  • Protein and gene expression of apoptotic signaling pathway-related proteins such as caspase-3, cytochrome c, and PARP were determined to provide evidence for the mechanisms of action of Tan IIA in the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • ARA55, ARA54, ARA70, BRCA1, and heat-shock proteins) may allow cells to become independent of androgens (intrinsic activation). (aacrjournals.org)
  • and the intrinsic pathway, which is activated by cellular stress and is regulated primarily at the level of mitochondria by the Bcl-2 family of proteins ( Fig. 1 ). (biologists.com)
  • This research also indicates that the mechanism of P. marinus apoptosis suppression in hemocytes involves oxidation-reduction processes and modulation of TNFR and NF-kB pathways. (usda.gov)
  • Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • The mechanism of midazolam toxicity switches from caspase-dependent apoptosis to necrosis with increasing concentrations. (bmj.com)
  • This data suggests that the cellular homeostasis response demonstrated by two independent cell death mechanisms, apoptosis and autophagy, can be regulated by a common transcriptional pausing mechanism orchestrated by M1BP. (udayton.edu)
  • For example, excessive inhibition by which tissue remodeling takes place during normal of apoptosis is an underlying mechanism of cancer, while growth and development and the physiologic mechanism an inappropriate increase is seen in some neurodegenera- by which labile cell populations such as gastrointestinal tive diseases and other conditions. (cdc.gov)
  • Perkinsus marinus suppresses in vitro eastern oyster apoptosis via IAP-dependent and caspase-independent pathways involving TNFR, NF-kB, and oxidative pathway crosstalk. (usda.gov)
  • In vitro exposure of human lymphocytes to 900 MHz CW and GSM modulated radiofrequency: studies of proliferation, apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential med. (emf-portal.org)
  • The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
  • Consistent with the in vitro activities, frankincense essential oil was effective in inhibiting tumor growth and inducing tumor cell apoptosis in a human BC mouse model. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Many in vitro studies have shown that caspases-independent pathways exist. (grantome.com)
  • B-cell lymphoma (Bcl2) protein overexpressing and caspase 9-deficient lymphoma cells were used to determine the role of the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
  • This suggests P. marinus-induced apoptosis suppression is caspase-independent, affects an IAP-involved pathway, and occurs downstream of mitochondrial permeabilization. (usda.gov)
  • 75,76 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibits apoptosis by activating NF-κB and its downstream pathway, including IL6 and IL8, in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells, whereas it promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent cancer cells. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • Induction of growth factors [interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin-like growth factor-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor/platelet-derived growth factor) may indirectly activate the AR and/or its downstream signaling pathways (5, 6, 7) . (aacrjournals.org)
  • Granzyme B is crucial for rapid induction of cell death and apoptosis through interaction with mannose-6-phosphate receptor. (biolegend.com)
  • Enzastaurin apparently inhibits tumor growth via multiple mechanisms: suppression of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis. (lclabs.com)
  • I characterised the cellular effects of BET protein inhibition in pre-B ALL and showed this was associated with inhibition of cell cycle progression, downregulation of c-Myc protein, direct inhibition of DNA replication and induction of caspase-dependent apoptosis that was independent of p53 activity. (bham.ac.uk)
  • In contrast, inhibition of ATP production did not affect caspase activation after triggering of CD95. (diva-portal.org)
  • combined BI2536 (an inhibitor of PLK1) with cisplatin (DDP) to treat ESCC cells and found the combination of two drugs had a synergistic effect on tumor inhibition and resulted in pyroptotic death of cancer cells by Caspase-3/GSDME pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Results obtained in our laboratory suggest that transcriptional upregulation of prosurvival pathways plays a key role in paediatric B-precursor ALL chemoresistance, thus providing a strong rationale for the inhibition of prosurvival gene transcription. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Using microarray technology I confirmed BET protein inhibition involves transcriptional downregulation of prosurvival pathways and identified potential biomarkers predictive of JQ1 sensitivity. (bham.ac.uk)
  • Pancaspase inhibition had a strong protective effect, whereas flumazenil did not inhibit midazolam-induced apoptosis. (bmj.com)
  • Both genistein and bLap produced dose-dependent growth inhibition and treatment-induced apoptosis in PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Caspase 8-deficient and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-deficient cells were used to evaluate the death receptor (extrinsic) pathway. (bmj.com)
  • Apoptosis is induced by different stimuli, among them triggering of the death receptor CD95, staurosporine, and chemotherapeutic drugs. (diva-portal.org)
  • One is mediated by recruitment of the proximal regulator caspase-8 to the death receptor complex. (diva-portal.org)
  • This suggests that some death receptor signals do not utilize the caspase CPP32 and/or the NQO1 death pathways in PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This results in the activation of caspases as well. (wikipedia.org)
  • In all cases, apoptosis is mediated by caspases, although it is unclear how these diverse apoptotic stimuli cause protease activation. (diva-portal.org)
  • The other pathway is controlled by the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and the subsequent ATP-dependent activation of the death regulator apoptotic protease-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1). (diva-portal.org)
  • Prevention of ATP production completely inhibited caspase activation and apoptosis in response to chemotherapeutic drugs and staurosporine. (diva-portal.org)
  • The activation of classical and non-classical pathway is separately dependent on Caspase-1 or Caspase-4/5/11 (6, 7). (researchsquare.com)
  • The apoptosis-inducing effect of preservative-free midazolam on human lymphoma and neuroblastoma cell lines was evaluated using flow cytometric analysis of early apoptotic stages (annexin V/7AAD) and caspase 3 activation. (bmj.com)
  • Activation of JNK pathway components can enhance M1BP RNAi phenotype and vice-versa . (udayton.edu)
  • In conclusion, exposure to Cd + MPs promoted liver fibrosis through the ATP-P2X7 pathway and synergistically affected liver inflammation and fibrosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The pathophysiological characteristics of AD depend on the location and severity of neuropathology, which is derived from the comprehensive effect of different mechanisms such as autophagy, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and immunoregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These receptors trigger inflammation through the NFkB-dependent and interferon regulatory factor-dependent signaling pathway. (medscape.com)
  • Overall, this study informs future research of P. marinus apoptosis suppression mechanisms in the eastern oyster, advancing our general understanding of apoptosis in invertebrate host-parasite interactions. (usda.gov)
  • The tumor re-growth that occurs after post-treatment remission is largely due to progression of initially androgen-dependent to androgen-independent cancer cell [ 4 ] and/or non-proliferating to proliferating tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Otherwise, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining assay, western blot and qRT-PCR were used for detection of pyroptosis-correlated pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • Cell morphological feature, mitochondrial membrane potential, LDH release rate, production of IL-1β and expression of Caspase-1/GSDMD all showed that pyroptosis happened more significantly in A549/DDP cells than that in A549 cells after OP-B treatment. (researchsquare.com)
  • Though inducing more significantly pyroptosis by activating Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway, OP-B relieved DDP resistance of A549 cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Activated Caspase-1/4/5/11 catalyze GSDMD to cleave into GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C fragments, and GSDMD-N can bind and form pores at cell membrane, so as to lead pyroptosis and release IL-1β and IL-18 to extracellular environment (8, 9). (researchsquare.com)
  • Hemocyte exposure to P. marinus significantly reduced granulocyte apoptosis and pre-incubation with Z-VAD-FMK did not affect P. marinus-induced apoptosis suppression. (usda.gov)
  • WGCNA analysis of P. marinus expression in response to hemocyte exposure revealed correlated protease, kinase and hydrolase expression that could contribute to P. marinus-induced apoptosis suppression. (usda.gov)
  • There was also no translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria to the nucleus in apoptotic keratinocytes, indicating Tan IIA-induced apoptosis occurs mainly through the caspase pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • Since BCL2, a protein that indirectly inhibits cell apoptosis, is required for certain chemotherapies to work, the absence of BCL2 obscures their uses in prostate cancer. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • 69 BCL2 expression was noted to be an independent predictor of survival in patients treated with taxanes. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • During treatment with taxanes, BCL2 is phosphorylated, which prevents heterodimerization with other BCL family genes, thereby promoting apoptosis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • 71 Clusterin is a small heat shock glycoprotein overexpressed in most of the solid tumors, which promotes apoptosis by binding to various molecules such as BAX (BCL2-associated X protein) 72 and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)−1. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
  • The protective effects of flumazenil and the caspase inhibitor N -(2-quinolyl)valyl-aspartyl-(2,6-difluorophenoxy)-methylketone were investigated in neuroblastoma cells and primary rat neurons using metabolic activity assays (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2 H -tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) and immunofluorescence microscopy. (bmj.com)
  • In addition, these 3 essential oils modulated the activity of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In conclusion, the present study indicated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils were involved in the progression of BC cells possibly through the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In this review article, we will focus on a broad range of cannabinoids, their receptor dependent and receptor independent functional roles against various cancer types with respect to growth, metastasis, energy metabolism, immune environment, stemness and future perspectives in exploring new possible therapeutic opportunities. (oncotarget.com)
  • Lymphocytes, in particular, undergo massive and infection, potentially improving outcomes for patients in a apparently unregulated apoptosis in human patients and variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • Extensive lymphocyte severe infections is a massive loss of lymphocytes, den- apoptosis has also occurred in humans and animals infect- dritic cells, gastrointestial epithelial cells, and other cell ed with several exotic agents, including Bacillus anthracis , types through apoptosis, or programmed cell death. (cdc.gov)
  • Pardaxin initiates caspase-dependent and caspase-independent apoptosis in human cervical carcinoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • To investigate the effect of gambogic acid (GA) on apoptosis in the HT-29 human colon cancer cell line. (wjgnet.com)
  • The objective of the current studies was to examine the role of caspase 3 (CPP32) and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) in the signaling of genistein-and β-lapachone (bLap)-induced apoptosis in human prostate carcinoma cells PC3. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Unfortunately, at the time of clinical diagnosis, human prostate cancers mostly present themselves as heterogeneous entities - hormone-dependent and hormone-independent, and proliferating and non-proliferating. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • Oxeiptosis, a ROS-induced caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell-death pathway. (tum.de)
  • Oxeiptosis-a cell death pathway to mitigate damage caused by radicals. (tum.de)
  • However, we found that Ni-CE induced cell death despite the presence of a caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Earlier, we reported that M1BP, a functional homolog of ZKSCAN3, regulates wingless (wg) and caspase-dependent cell death (apoptosis) in the Drosophila eye. (udayton.edu)
  • The theme of our investigations has been that the molecular pathways of programmed cell death (PCD) may be relevant to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and allied disorders. (grantome.com)
  • acquired defects in the control of apoptosis may lead to a Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the method variety of disease states. (cdc.gov)
  • Sec. Molecular Signalling and Pathways. (lu.se)
  • Two regulatory pathways have been recently identified, but it remains unknown whether they are functionally independent or linked to each other. (diva-portal.org)
  • However, androgen-independent cells are eventually selected during androgen ablation therapy (4) , and progression to an androgen-independent state remains the primary cause of mortality in these patients within an average of 1.5 years. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Further data demonstrated that frankincense, pine needle and geranium essential oils induced apoptosis, but did not affect cell cycle progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In response to apoptotic stimulus, permeabilized mitochondria release cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, where cytochrome c forms an apoptosome with Apaf-1 and caspase-9 and triggers the caspase cascade. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most important caspase in this cascade is caspase-3, which is cleaved and activated to transduce the apoptotic signal [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)