Caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor. Medical search. Frequent questions

Caspase also recognises several structural proteins as substrates, leading to cleavage that is associated with distinct morphological changes in apoptotic cells, including chromatin condensation, nucleus fragmentation, and cytoplasmic integrity. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
The contributors describe strategies for identifying and evaluating the biochemical and morphological changes that occur during apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and other forms of cell death, as well as for pinpointing the genes and proteins that may be involved. (cshlpress.com)
Furthermore, administration of EGCG in vitro was observed to prevent apoptosis of cardiomyocytes by regulating pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins, including B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and Bcl-2-associated X protein, and by simultaneously regulating caspase-3 in isolated rat hearts ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Caspases, a class of proteins found to be universally important in inducing apoptosis, were found to be activated in apoptotic CHO cells. (mit.edu)
DNA microarray and Western blot analyses of key apoptosis-regulatory proteins in the transformed cells revealed FLICE-inhibitory protein (FLIP) as an important target of regulation by SWCNT. (cdc.gov)
It should be noted that ARMER is not related to the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) family and does not contain any baculoviral IAP repeat (BIR) domains. (thermofisher.com)
In fruit flies, apoptosis is activated by proteins known as Grim, Hid and Reaper. (elifesciences.org)
created 'undead' cells in which one of these proteins was turned on, but other downstream proteins (that are responsible for the cellular execution phase of apoptosis) had been turned off: these cells were undergoing apoptosis, but could not complete the process and die. (elifesciences.org)
It has been previously shown that rbf1 pro-apoptotic activity depends on its ability to decrease the level of anti-apoptotic proteins such as the Bcl-2 family protein Buffy. (sdbonline.org)
Both proteins can localize at the mitochondrion , but the way they control apoptosis still remains unclear. (sdbonline.org)
These results provide a mechanism by which Drosophila Bcl-2 family proteins can control apoptosis and shed light on a link between Rbf1 and mitochondrial dynamics, in vivo. (sdbonline.org)
Domain found in inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and other proteins. (embl.de)
It is found in proteins belonging to the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis proteins) family. (embl.de)
The critical motifs required for anti-apoptotic activity of IAP proteins are the BIRs. (embl.de)
Proteins with BIR domains are considered peptidase inhibitors in family I32. (embl.de)
BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
Certain inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family members are sentinel proteins that prevent untimely cell death by inhibiting caspases. (ox.ac.uk)
it promotes cell death by binding to and inhibiting INHIBITOR OF APOPTOSIS PROTEINS, resulting in an increase in activity of CASPASES. (bvsalud.org)

It further inhibited cell-cycle progression in the G1 phase by four different mechanisms: rapid downregulation of cyclin D1, induction of Chk2 with simultaneous downregulation of Cdc25A, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21 Cip/Waf and inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase activity resulting in reduced dCTP and dTTP levels. (nature.com)
Epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG), the predominant catechin component of green tea, has been reported to have potential cardioprotective effects in primary cultures of cardiac myocytes exposed to I/R injury, mediated through inhibition of signal transducers and activators of transcription‑1 activity. (spandidos-publications.com)
Previous studies have identified apoptosis as a significant mechanism underlying cell death during I/R injury in cultured cardiac myocytes ( 6 , 7 ), and that the inhibition of this apoptosis is able to prevent I/R injury ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
Anticancer effects of the HDAC inhibitor, 3β,6β‑dihydroxyurs‑12‑en‑27‑oic acid, in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells via the inhibition of Akt/mTOR pathways. (iasp-pain.org)
Surprisingly, inhibition of caspase activity using z-VAD.fmk, a universal peptide inhibitor of caspases, failed to significantly extend viability in batch culture although it did prevent cleavage of known intracellular caspase substrates. (mit.edu)
Recent reports have shown that the sensitivity of non-small-cell lung cancer cell lines to EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib (Tarceva, OSI Pharmaceuticals) is dependent on inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1-Akt-mTOR pathway. (aacrjournals.org)
Jeffrey, I. W. , Bushell, M. , Tilleray, V. J. , Morley, S. and Clemens, M. J. (2002) Inhibition of protein synthesis in apoptosis: differential requirements by the tumor necrosis factor alpha family and a DNA-damaging agent for caspases and the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase. (gla.ac.uk)
Exposure of mammalian cells to agents that induce apoptosis results in a rapid and substantial inhibition of protein synthesis. (gla.ac.uk)
The cleavage of eIF4GI, which specifically needs caspase-3 activity, is dispensable for the inhibition of translation in MCF-7 cells. (gla.ac.uk)
Similar experiments with embryonic fibroblasts from control mice and animals defective for expression of the double-stranded RNA-regulated protein kinase (PKR) reveal requirements for both caspase activity and PKR for inhibition of protein synthesis in response to TNFα. (gla.ac.uk)
Enzastaurin apparently inhibits tumor growth via multiple mechanisms: suppression of tumor cell proliferation, induction of tumor cell apoptosis and inhibition of tumor-induced angiogenesis. (lclabs.com)
[ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)

Caspase activity and apoptosis inhibitor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CAAP1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
Protein activation and expression were analysed by western blotting, deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate levels by HPLC, ribonucleotide reductase activity by 14 C-cytidine incorporation into nascent DNA and cell-cycle distribution by FACS. (nature.com)
Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
it acts as a CAD inhibitor and also as a chaperone for CAD synthesis assisting the correct assembly of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
It also depends on the activity of a protein or a common signal. (wikipedia.org)
Carbon nanotube s induce apoptosis resistance through FLICE-inhibitory protein. (cdc.gov)
Recently, ARMER, a novel integral ER-membrane protein was shown to protect cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis. (thermofisher.com)
The Drosophila retinoblastoma protein, Rbf1, induces a debcl and drp1 -dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
The 'baculovirus inhibitior of apoptosis protein repeat' (BIR) [ ( PUBMED:8139034 ) ( PUBMED:8552191 ) ] is a domain of about 70 residues arranged in tandem repeats separated by a variable length linker, that seems to confer cell death-preventing activity. (embl.de)
In contrast, treatment of cells with the DNA-damaging agent etoposide inhibits protein synthesis equally well in the presence of a pan-specific caspase inhibitor and in the presence or absence of PKR. (gla.ac.uk)
Background Bcl-2 protein suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cellular systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells. (qedbio.com)
Monitor apoptosis and proliferation along with other cellular processes such as protein phosphorylation or cytokine secretion within heterogeneous cell populations using flow cytometry. (bdbiosciences.com)
The protein kinase Cβ-selective inhibitor, enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses signaling through the AKT pathway, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth of human colon cancer and glioblastoma xenografts. (lclabs.com)
Enzastaurin (LY317615), a protein kinase Cβ inhibitor, inhibits the AKT pathway and induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. (lclabs.com)
Protein kinase C inhibitor enzastaurin induces in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity in Waldenström macroglobulinemia. (lclabs.com)
Phase II study of enzastaurin, a protein kinase C Beta inhibitor, in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. (lclabs.com)
how to decide whether a protein is involved in '+ve reg of apoptosis or induction ([GO:0006917])?emily. (geneontology.org)
Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)
Baculoviral IAP repeat-containing protein 6 (BIRC6), a giant IAP with dual E2 and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity, regulates programmed cell death through unknown mechanisms. (ox.ac.uk)

Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analyses were used to detect apoptosis. (avma.org)
Neutrophil apoptosis was assessed by use of cytologic examination, annexin V and propidium iodide staining quantified with flow cytometry, coincubation with inducers of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis or a toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 inhibitor, and measurement of caspase-3, -8, and -9 activities. (avma.org)
Flow cytometry based assays and kits for detecting apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Primary CLL cells were incubated with serial dilutions of TGR-1202 tested for apoptosis by activated caspase-3 and 7AAD staining measured by flow cytometry. (duke.edu)

TRIM13 inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by regulating NF-κB pathway in non-small-cell lung carcinoma cells. (cancerindex.org)
TRIM13-induced NSCLC cell apoptosis was attenuated by a caspase-3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO, suggesting that TRIM13 induced cell apoptosis partially through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. (cancerindex.org)
Thus, the activated ERK pathway played an important role in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via ERK‑dependent induction of p21 in MCF‑7 cells. (iasp-pain.org)
Using these results, a pathway for apoptosis in CHO cells, focusing on the caspases and bcl-2, was suggested. (mit.edu)
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE LPS treatment delayed apoptosis of equine neutrophils in vitro for up to 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner by alteration of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and was dependent on TLR4 signaling. (avma.org)
There can be multiple inputs to this pathway as activity can be regulated by other receptors or upstream mutations. (aacrjournals.org)
Since resistance to apoptosis is a foundation of neoplastic evolution and selection of malignant transformed phenotype, we investigated the apoptosis pathway underlying the resistance its mechanisms to aid the understanding of SWCNT-induced carcinogenesis. (cdc.gov)
As compared to passage-matched control cells, SWCNT-transformed BEAS-2B cells exhibited resistance to apoptosis induced by death ligands, e.g., tumor necrosis factor-a and Fas ligand, but not by inducers of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, e.g., antimycin A and cisplatin, suggesting death receptor pathway as the primary pathway of defective apoptosis in SWCNT-transformed cells. (cdc.gov)
found that the JNK pathway activated apoptosis in anterior cells. (elifesciences.org)
Interestingly, rbf1 -induced apoptosis leads to a debcl - and drp1 -dependent Reactive Oxygen Species production, which in turn activates the Jun Kinase pathway to trigger cell death. (sdbonline.org)
Enzastaurin induces apoptosis in multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines by inhibiting signaling through the AKT pathway, which is caspase-independent. (lclabs.com)
Shouldn't we have an apoptosis signalling pathway terms? (geneontology.org)
The intrinsic apoptotic pathway has been chosen for a Reference Genome project as the curation work will complement and inform a planned apoptosis content meeting scheduled for June the 1st, assisted by domain experts from the Apo-Sys Consortium. (geneontology.org)

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance - T foetus and its CP30 induce apoptosis in cultured BUECs in vitro. (avma.org)

The kit is suitable for high throughput screening of apoptosis inducers and inhibitors. (eurogentec.com)
Treatment with a TLR4 inhibitor or intrinsic and extrinsic inducers of apoptosis prevented LPS-delayed apoptosis. (avma.org)
Future research will aim at identifying specific inhibitors and/or inducers of UPR regulatory markers as well as expand the list of UPR-related animal models. (molvis.org)

Meriolins thus constitute a new CDK inhibitory scaffold, with promising antitumor activity, derived from molecules initially isolated from marine organisms. (rcsb.org)
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitory and anticancer activities of ACT‑3 compared with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) in MCF‑7 human breast cancer cells. (iasp-pain.org)
Enzastaurin had a synergistic inhibitory effect with the EGFR inhibitor gefitinib on the proliferation of parental and gefitinib-resistant (GR) cancer cells. (lclabs.com)

Central to the execution phase of apoptosis are the two closely related caspase-3 and caspase-7. (eurogentec.com)

It cannot explain the reasons for the significant alterations in gene expression levels and the effects of such changes on other genes' activities. (hindawi.com)
The loss of insulin was concurrent with the accumulation of cells in the GO/G1 state and an increase in expression levels ofp53, a well-documented growth-inhibiting and apoptosis-inducing gene. (mit.edu)
This study demonstrates that debcl and the pro-fission gene drp1 are necessary downstream of buffy to trigger a mitochondrial fragmentation during rbf1 -induced apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)
This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (nih.gov)
An apoptosis-inhibiting gene from a nuclear polyhedrosis virus encoding a polypeptide with Cys/His sequence motifs. (embl.de)
Using a genetic complementation assay to identify additional genes which inhibit apoptosis during infection with a p35 mutant, we have isolated a gene from Orgyia pseudotsugata NPV (OpMNPV) that was able to functionally substitute for AcMNPV p35. (embl.de)
Various techniques have been developed for targeting cancer cells: gene therapy, monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), antibody toxin conjugates, small-molecule inhibitors, antisense molecules, and tumor vaccines. (medscape.com)

Upon caspase-3/7 cleavage, Ac-DEVD-AFC generates the AFC fluorophore which has bright blue fluorescence and can be detected at Ex/Em=380 nm/500 nm. (eurogentec.com)
Apoptotic cell death was confirmed by cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, processing of caspase-3, which is an important executive enzyme in apoptosis, and caspase-3-like activity. (nih.gov)
Immunopathologic examination during infection showed cleavage of caspase 3 in brain cells adjacent to CD8+ cells and widespread p53 expression, hallmarks of apoptosis. (cdc.gov)

and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Induces Apoptosis through Downregulation of Bcl-2 and Release of Cytochrome c from Mitochondria. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Our studies have shown that chronic exposure to single-walled carbon nanotube s (SWCNT) induces apoptosis resistance and malignant transformation of human lung epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)
Conclusions: TGR-1202 is a potent PI3K-δ inhibitor that suppresses AKT phosphorylation and induces apoptosis-dependent cytotoxicity in primary CLL lymphocytes, both with favorable and adverse cytogenetics. (duke.edu)
The PI3K-δ inhibitor TGR-1202 induces cytotoxicity and inhibits phosphorylation of AKT in 17p deleted and non-17p deleted CLL cells in vitro. (duke.edu)

Finally, staining of histone demethylation-related genes revealed that tranylcypromine suppresses the transcriptional activity of BHC110/LSD1-targeted genes and increases the expression of histone di-methylated K4. (frontiersin.org)
Biological Function Suppresses apoptosis in a variety of cell systems including factor-dependent lymphohematopoietic and neural cells (PubMed:1508712, PubMed:8183370). (qedbio.com)

The CP inhibitor E-64 and a caspase inhibitor were used to inhibit apoptosis. (avma.org)
In higher eukaryotes, BIR domains inhibit apoptosis by acting as direct inhibitors of the caspase family of protease enzymes. (embl.de)

While CTS-2090 is a potent inflammatory, it had no effect in well-accepted cellular and in vivo models of apoptosis, confirming its high selectivity as an anti-inflammatory caspase inhibitor. (yahoo.com)
A majority of CHO cells in culture were found to die by apoptosis, a genetically controlled form of cellular suicide. (mit.edu)
It is mediated by various caspases and ultimately results in the activation of endogenous endonucleases that degrade cellular DNA. (thermofisher.com)
Choose from a variety of BD Biosciences assays and reagents for visualizing cellular events such as apoptosis, cell proliferation and the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)

Its pipeline also includes novel preclinical product candidates including CTS-2090 and CTS-2096, which are selective small molecule inhibitors of caspase-1 designed for the treatment of certain inflammatory diseases. (stockhouse.com)
Selective compounds have been developed that target either the extracellular ligand-binding region of the EGFR (including a number of monoclonal antibodies [MAbs], immunotoxins, and ligand-binding cytotoxic agents) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase region (including various small-molecule inhibitors). (medscape.com)

Inhibits caspase activity either by preventing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and/or by binding to the apoptosis-activating factor (APAF-1) (PubMed:11368354). (qedbio.com)
Also acts as an inhibitor of autophagy: interacts with BECN1 and AMBRA1 during non-starvation conditions and inhibits their autophagy function (PubMed:18570871, PubMed:21358617, PubMed:20889974). (qedbio.com)

Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)

Induction of apoptosis by CP30 is correlated with protease activity. (avma.org)
Caspase belongs to the cysteine aspartic acid-specific protease family, which gets activated by various signals such as death receptor ligation, DNA damage, serum starvation, and stresses. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Binding of caspase-9 to Apaf-1 leads to activation of the protease which then cleaves and activates caspase-3. (nih.gov)
Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1a induced cell death. (lu.se)
Generation of the subunits requires association with the death-inducing signaling complex (disc), whereas additional processing is likely due to the autocatalytic activity of the activated protease. (lu.se)

The results were confirmed using caspase specific inhibitors and caspase activity assays. (cdc.gov)

Apoptosis triggered by meriolins is accompanied by rapid Mcl-1 down-regulation, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases. (rcsb.org)

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on apoptosis of equine neutrophils in vitro. (avma.org)
TGR-1202 is a novel PI3K-δ specific inhibitor with unique pharmacologic properties and demonstrated in-vitro activity. (duke.edu)

Here, we identified tranylcypromine, which is used to treat refractory depression, caused human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain organoids neurotoxicity, leading to decreased proliferation activity and apoptosis induction. (frontiersin.org)
Excessive apoptosis causes atrophy, such as in ischemic damage, whereas an insufficient amount results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, such as cancer. (geneontology.org)

In HL-60 leukaemia cells, di-GA activated caspase 3 and dose-dependently induced apoptosis. (nature.com)
A bi-function assay buffer in this kit is designed to lyze the cells and measure the enzyme activity at the same time. (eurogentec.com)
Apoptosis is a cell self-destruct process that removes toxic and/or useless cells during mammalian development and other life processes. (wikipedia.org)
It remains inactive in growing cells while it is associated with its inhibitor (ICAD, DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa subunit, DFFA or DFF45) resulting into a complex ICAD-CAD. (wikipedia.org)
A significant increase in the G1 phase cell population was observed in MCF‑7 cells and ACT‑3 induced apoptosis by reducing the ratio of B‑cell lymphoma‑2 (Bcl‑2)/Bcl‑2‑associated X (Bax) and releasing cleaved caspase 9. (iasp-pain.org)
Insulin degrading activity was found to be at least partially caused by release of proteases from cells into the culture medium. (mit.edu)
Overexpression of FLIP increased apoptosis resistance of the cells, whereas RNAi knockdown of FLIP reversed the apoptosis resistance of cells in response to death ligands. (cdc.gov)
Together, our study demonstrated a novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance induced by chronic exposure to SWCNT in human lung epithelial cells and identified FLIP as a key regulator of apoptosis avoidance that contributes to the development of malignant transformed phenotype. (cdc.gov)
We identified a novel mode of communication by which apoptotic cells induce additional apoptosis in the same tissue. (elifesciences.org)
Strong induction of apoptosis in one compartment of the Drosophila wing disc causes apoptosis of cells in the other compartment, indicating that dying cells can release long-range death factors. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis has been thought to resemble a form of silent suicide by cells, but more recent work suggests that apoptotic cells can also transmit signals. (elifesciences.org)
Strikingly, undead cells in the posterior (back) region of the wing imaginal disc-the tissue in the larva that gives rise to the wing in the adult fruit fly-could trigger apoptosis in cells in the anterior (front) half. (elifesciences.org)
when Eiger was absent from posterior cells in the wing imaginal disc, apoptosis in anterior cells ceased, indicating that Eiger might signal at long range. (elifesciences.org)
Apoptosis is a distinct form of programmed cell death in which cells activate an intrinsic suicide program to self-destruct. (elifesciences.org)
rbf1 , the Drosophila homolog of Rb , also displays a pro- apoptotic activity in proliferative cells. (sdbonline.org)
In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand inhibit overall translation by a mechanism that requires caspase (but not necessarily caspase-3) activity. (gla.ac.uk)
The aim of this study was to test for the molecular and functional expression of the non-gastric H + /K + ATPase ATP12A/ATP1AL1 in unstimulated and butyrate-stimulated (1 and 10 mM) human myelomonocytic HL-60 cells, to unravel its potential role as putative apoptosis-counteracting ion transporter as well as to test for the effect of the H + /K + ATPase inhibitor SCH28080 in apoptosis. (karger.com)
Identification and quantification of caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences provides a variety of reagents for the identification and quantification of caspase-3 activity in apoptotic cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Enzastaurin, an inhibitor of PKCβ, enhances antiangiogenic effects and cytotoxicity of radiation against endothelial cells. (lclabs.com)
when looking at experimental data - often counting number of cells they've died and committed to apoptosis so how can we work out induction or positive regulation? (geneontology.org)

For instance, caspase-3 indirectly activates CAD (caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease) while inactivating ICAD (inhibitor of caspase-activated deoxyribonuclease), which contributes to chromatin fragmentation in nucleosome units. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
DFFB has been found to trigger both DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
It is also known as caspase activated nuclease (CPAN), dna fragmentation factor 40 (DFF-40), DFF2 and DFFB. (wikipedia.org)
apoptosis has a signalling and also the actual dying of the cell - DNA fragmentation, blebbing etc. (geneontology.org)
Although the presence of active caspases and DNA fragmentation is helpful in identifying possible apoptosis, they should not be employed as an exclusive means to demonstrate this process as apototic cell death can occur without DNA fragmentation or caspase activity. (geneontology.org)

The specific CP inhibitor E-64 abolished the induction of apoptosis in BUECs by CP30. (avma.org)
These data show that di-GA exhibits three distinct anticancer activities: induction of apoptosis, cell-cycle arrest and disruption of cancer cell-induced lymphendothelial disintegration. (nature.com)
should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)

Baculoviruses apoptosis inhibitors (IAPs). (embl.de)
Antagonists, including second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC), regulate IAPs and drive cell death. (ox.ac.uk)

Apoptosis is important for normal development and tissue homeostasis. (thermofisher.com)
This process plays a major role in development and tissue homeostasis, and abnormal regulation of apoptosis is associated with a variety of human diseases ( Fuchs and Steller, 2011 ). (elifesciences.org)

MBLI 's APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kit detects caspase activity in cell extract with LEHD-pNA as a substrate, in which LEHD sequence is recognised by each active caspase selectively. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
Both caspase-3 and caspase-7 have substrate selectivity for the amino acid sequence Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD). (eurogentec.com)

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is the most potent endogenous caspase inhibitor preventing cell death via caspase-9, -7 and -3 (initiator and executioner caspase pathways). (nih.gov)

The Company is focused on developing clinical and preclinical small molecule pan-caspase and caspase selective inhibitors that protect the body's natural process to restore immune function. (stockhouse.com)
CTS-2090 and CTS-2096 are selective caspase-1 inhibitors targeting inflammasome activation and to treat a variety of inflammation mediated diseases. (stockhouse.com)
Licensed Patents Expected to Provide Freedom to Operate and Exclusivity for EmricasanPipeline Focus on Pan-Caspase and Caspase Selective Inhibitors for Infectious and Inflammatory DiseasesSAN DIEGO, April 03, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Histogen Inc. (HSTO), a clinical-stage therapeutics company. (stockhouse.com)
SAN DIEGO, March 16, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Histogen Inc. (NASDAQ: HSTO), a clinical-stage therapeutics company on developing potential first-in-class clinical and preclinical small molecule pan-caspase and caspase selective inhibitors that protect the body's natural process to restore immune function, today announced that the US Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) has issued US Patent No. 11,579,703 titled "Caspase Inhibitors and Methods of Use Thereof. (yahoo.com)
We believe this key patent provides broad coverage for Histogen's portfolio of highly selective and orally active anti-inflammatory caspase inhibitors, including CTS-2090. (yahoo.com)
Drug treatments include monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, as well as various drug combinations ( 2 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)

Analysis of the caspase proteolytic cascade suggests that ARMER acts by inhibiting caspase-9 activity, although the mechanism for this remains unknown. (thermofisher.com)

This patent includes information that CTS-2090 has demonstrated potent oral activity in a well characterized model of ulcerative colitis. (yahoo.com)

Emricasan is an orally available pan-caspase inhibitor designed to reduce the activities of human caspases, which are enzymes that mediate inflammation and apoptosis. (stockhouse.com)
In addition to these two important patents to support our expanding pipeline, we are also evaluating the potential use of our clinical stage pan-caspase inhibitor, emricasan, in acute bacterial skin infections, including those related to methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA). (yahoo.com)
For example, we are using forward-looking statements when we discuss our future operations and our ability to successfully initiate, enroll and complete clinical trials, obtain clinical trial data, and achieve regulatory milestones and related timing, including those related to the timing of providing clinical development guidance on the development of emricasan and any further evaluation of CTS-2090 and other proprietary caspase inhibitors. (yahoo.com)

We identified Eiger, the Drosophila tumor necrosis factor (TNF) homolog, as the signal responsible for apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AiA). (elifesciences.org)

Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes which undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (nih.gov)

DFFA is encoded by an alternatively encrypted mRNAs originating two distinct forms: short (ICAD-S) and long (ICAD-L), which act like a specific chaperone ensuring the correct CAD's folding Besides, it contains two aspartic acid residues (Asp117 and Asp224) where CAD is identified and, consequently, it stays bounded until Caspase-3 splits this union. (wikipedia.org)
ICAD has two caspase recognition sites at Asp117 and Asp224. (wikipedia.org)
The caspase-3 His-237 stabilizes the target Aspartate causing the break of the association of ICAD and CAD leaving the endonuclease CAD active allowing it to degrade chromosomal DNA. (wikipedia.org)

In addition, autophagy interpheres with cell cycle progression, de facto exerting a cytostatic activity. (nature.com)

Isoform 2 lacks activity is an dominant-negative inhibitor of caspase-9. (nih.gov)

Several mechanisms of neuronal cell death have been proposed for HD, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, impaired energy metabolism, and apoptosis. (medscape.com)

We show that BIRC6 directly restricts executioner caspase-3 and -7 and ubiquitinates caspase-3, -7, and -9, working exclusively with noncanonical E1, UBA6. (ox.ac.uk)

Apoptosis was measured by Hoechst 33258/propidium iodide double staining of nuclear chromatin and the formation of gaps into the lymphendothelial barrier in a three-dimensional co-culture model consisting of MCF-7 tumour cell spheroids and human lymphendothelial monolayers. (nature.com)
Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)

A fluorometric assay was used to detect BUEC caspase 3 activation. (avma.org)
APOPCYTO Caspase-3,8,9 Colorimetric Assay Kits are composed of reagents necessary for the detection, which includes Cell Lysis buffer, Reaction buffer and so on. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)
The SensoLyte® Homogeneous AFC Capase-3/7 Assay Kit uses Ac-DEVD-AFC as the fluorogenic indicator for assaying caspase-3/7 activities. (eurogentec.com)
The effects of ACT‑3 on HDAC enzyme activity were measured using assay kits. (iasp-pain.org)

Involved in the activation cascade of caspases responsible for apoptosis execution. (nih.gov)

The caspases can be activated through either the intrinsic (mitochondrial mediated) or extrinsic (death receptor mediated) apoptotic pathways. (geneontology.org)

The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. (rcsb.org)
Furthermore, we discover that SMAC multisite binding to BIRC6 results in a subnanomolar affinity interaction, enabling SMAC to competitively displace caspases, thus antagonizing BIRC6 anticaspase function. (ox.ac.uk)

Active caspase identifies multiple molecules as substrates and cleaves them, leading to biological events associated with apoptosis. (caltagmedsystems.co.uk)

We describe here the meriolins, a new family of inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). (rcsb.org)
ACT‑3 inhibited total HDAC activity in a dose‑dependent manner. (iasp-pain.org)
Promotes DNA damage-induced apoptosis in a ABL1/c-Abl-dependent manner. (nih.gov)
Cell death is frequently considered to be 'caspase-dependent' when it is suppressed by broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). (geneontology.org)
TGR-1202 induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner in concentrations between 4 nM and 25 μM with no significant difference in results observed between normal CLL lymphocytes those that had 17pdel cytogenetics. (duke.edu)

Their broad spectrum of activities may probably be due to adjacent free hydroxyl groups. (nature.com)

Caspase-3 activation is a cell requirement during early stages of the skeletal myoblast differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (nih.gov)
Loss of APEI was shown to result in rapid onset of caspase 3 activation and apoptosis (18). (biodiversityhotspot.org)

It regulates cell death by controlling the mitochondrial membrane permeability and appears to function in a feedback loop system with caspase. (qedbio.com)

It was demonstrated that when EGCG interacted with zinc, the anti‑apoptotic activity was significantly enhanced. (spandidos-publications.com)
Caspase-9 activity, but not caspase-3 or -8 activity, was significantly reduced in LPS-treated neutrophils after incubation for 12 hours (neutrophils from blood samples of 17 horses). (avma.org)

Insulin degradation was sharply reduced by adding sodium glycocholate, an amino-peptidase inhibitor, suggesting that amino-peptidases play a major role in insulin degradation in CHO fed-batch cultures. (mit.edu)

Although apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is thought to be mediated by caspase-12, other caspases such as caspase-9 are also thought to be activated following ER stress. (thermofisher.com)

Notably, Debcl modulates Drp1 mitochondrial localization during apoptosis. (sdbonline.org)

Acts as a direct inhibitor of caspase enzymes. (embl.de)

Anatomy28

Organisms11

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs138

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment18

Phenomena and Processes53

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Proteins19

Inhibition13

Protein20

Flow cytometry4

Pathway13

Induce apoptosis1

Inducers3

Inhibitory3

Execution phase of apoptosis1

Gene7

Cleavage3

Induces4

Suppresses2

Inhibit apoptosis2

Cellular5

Small molecule inhibitors2

Inhibits2

Cytoplasm1

Protease5

Specific inhibitors1

Cytochrome c release1

Vitro2

Proliferation2

Cells21

Fragmentation6

Induction3

IAPs2

Development and tissue homeostasis2

Substrate2

Endogenous1

Selective6

Mechanism1

Potent1

Emricasan3

Tumor1

Proteolytic1

ICAD3

Autophagy1

Isoform1

Neuronal1

Executioner1

Chromatin2

Assay4

Cascade1

Intrinsic1

Binding2

Molecules1

Dependent5

Broad spectrum1

Activation3

Cell death1

Significantly2

Peptidase1

Endoplasmic1

Mitochondrial1

Enzymes1