• During apoptosis, however, proCaspase-3 is activated by cleavage into p20 and p12 subunits, and the p20 subunit is trimmed to yield a p17 subunit. (rndsystems.com)
  • Caspase-3 is a prototypic executioner caspase that plays a central role in apoptosis. (rcsb.org)
  • Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • One such signaling event is the introduction of granzyme B, which can activate initiator caspases, into cells targeted for apoptosis by killer T cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • In intrinsic activation, cytochrome c from the mitochondria works in combination with caspase-9, apoptosis-activating factor 1 (Apaf-1), and ATP to process procaspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • DFFA is the substrate for caspase-3 and triggers DNA fragmentation during apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase 3 is responsible for cellular differentiation, although it is unclear how this kind of protein can promote the cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Central to the execution phase of apoptosis are the two closely related caspase-3 and caspase-7. (eurogentec.com)
  • Apoptosis is induced through the mitochondrial pathway resulting in caspase-9 activation and downstream caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • We observed that the WNV-Cp protein is a pathogenic protein, which drives apoptosis in vitro through the mitochodrial/caspase-9 pathway. (cdc.gov)
  • We also observed that expression of Cp protein in mouse muscle resulted in apoptosis and inflammation of muscle cells. (cdc.gov)
  • More importantly, direct in vivo expression of WNV-Cp protein in mouse brain resulted in an induction of apoptosis similar to what is observed in natural infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Overexpression of caspase-8 is sufficient to induce apoptosis in certain cell lines (e.g. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • For apoptotic inducing activity, human osteogenic sarcoma (HOS) cell proliferation, chromosomal DNA degradation and changes in apoptosis-related protein levels were measured. (nutrimedical.com)
  • CONCLUSION: Ellagic acid exhibited both antioxidant activity in V79-4 cells and apoptosis-inducing activity in HOS cells through the up-regulation of Bax and activation of caspase-3. (nutrimedical.com)
  • We now show that during early apoptosis limited membrane permeabilization occurs in blebs and apoptotic bodies, which allows release of proteins that may affect the proximal microenvironment before the catastrophic loss of membrane integrity during secondary necrosis. (nature.com)
  • Blebbing, apoptotic body formation and protein release during early apoptosis are dependent on ROCK and myosin ATPase activity to drive actomyosin contraction. (nature.com)
  • 2 , 3 A key feature of apoptosis has been defined as the maintenance of an intact cellular membrane (detectable as exclusion of impermeable dyes such as propidium iodide, PI) throughout the apoptotic program to prevent intracellular protein release and subsequent immunological activation. (nature.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) modulates cellular apoptosis, which is involved in the occurrence and development of liver cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, it was confirmed that Beclin 1 expression by NS5A was involved in the negative regulation of starvation‑induced liver cancer apoptosis, which was accompanied by reduced p53 and apoptosis regulator Bax expression, as well as decreased caspase‑3/-7 activation. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Liu et al ( 13 ) reported that Beclin 1 gene deletion by either RNA interference or the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (MA) significantly enhances melatonin-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatoma H22 cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Caspase-3 cleaves the death substrate PARP to a specific 85 kDa form observed during apoptosis and is inhibitable by the CrmA protein. (thomassci.com)
  • Caspases, while dispensable for cell death during mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibit activation of pro-inflammatory pathways after MOMP. (nature.com)
  • The results demonstrated that SA inhibited apoptosis signaling in H9c2 cardiomyocytes via downregulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathways following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Molecular targets of the natural antioxidant pterostilbene: effect on protein kinase C, caspase-3 and apoptosis in human neutrophils in vitro. (nel.edu)
  • Das J, Ghosh J, Manna P, Sil PC (2012a) Tau protects rat testes against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress as well as p53, Fas and caspase 12-mediated apoptosis. (springer.com)
  • During apoptosis, Rb is subjected to cleavage by caspase-3 like protease. (novusbio.com)
  • Now first author Giuseppina Tesco and colleagues report that caspase-3, a key player in apoptosis, or programmed cell death, may be the link. (alzforum.org)
  • The finding suggests that during apoptosis, caspases do not attack APP directly, but that they somehow increase BACE levels. (alzforum.org)
  • In fact, Tesco and colleagues found that BACE protein levels were elevated up to ninefold in cells following apoptosis and that it became more stable. (alzforum.org)
  • The findings suggest that while apoptosis sets off a proteolytic cascade that devours many cellular proteins, it somehow spares BACE. (alzforum.org)
  • They found that the protein was degraded by none other than caspase-3 following induction of apoptosis. (alzforum.org)
  • The caspases are a family of cysteine proteases that cleave after certain aspartate residues, and are primarily recognized as mediators of apoptosis. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • caspases are synthesized as inactive zymogens that can be cleaved to form active enzymes following the induction of apoptosis by stress or death receptors. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Granzyme B plays an essential role in granule-mediated apoptosis and may have additional roles in rheumatoid arthritis and in bacterial and viral infections (3). (rndsystems.com)
  • Cell apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry, TUNEL assay, and detection of caspase 3 and Bcl-2. (medscimonit.com)
  • During cell death or apoptosis, the 70-kDa protein is cleaved by caspase-3 into a small 40-kDa protein. (medscape.com)
  • These biochemical modifications impair the activities, and possibly also the stability, of caspase 8 and 3 and thereby weaken the capacity of these enzymes to induce apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein, which is associated with neuronal death in Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, its active site contains a cysteine residue (Cys-163) and histidine residue (His-121) that stabilize the peptide bond cleavage of a protein sequence to the carboxy-terminal side of an aspartic acid when it is part of a particular 4-amino acid sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vitro, caspase-3 has been found to prefer the peptide sequence DEVDG (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Gly) with cleavage occurring on the carboxy side of the second aspartic acid residue (between D and G). Caspase-3 is active over a broad pH range that is slightly higher (more basic) than many of the other executioner caspases. (wikipedia.org)
  • CAD release from ICAD inhibition is achieved by cleavage of ICAD at these Asp residues by the caspase-3. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon caspase-3/7 cleavage, Ac-DEVD-AFC generates the AFC fluorophore which has bright blue fluorescence and can be detected at Ex/Em=380 nm/500 nm. (eurogentec.com)
  • As such it will recognize pro Caspase-3 and the large subunit cleavage fragment. (thermofisher.com)
  • For a caspase-9-specific test, 5 μg of pcWNV-Cp-DJY or pcWNV-CpWT was cotransfected with a dominant negative caspase-9 (DN caspase-9) construct, and cleavage of procaspase-9 protein was determined by Western blot analysis with antihuman caspase-9 antibody (MBL, Nagoya, Japan). (cdc.gov)
  • Peng et al ( 5 ) reported that NS5A decreases caspase-3 cleavage ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • A synthetic peptide corresponding to a region of the caspase-3-induced cleavage site of human Rb was used as immunogen. (novusbio.com)
  • They did not detect caspase-mediated cleavage of APP itself, though they did use antibodies specifically designed to test this possibility. (alzforum.org)
  • The five crystal structures of caspase-3-aza-peptide epoxide inhibitor complexes reported here reveal the structural basis for the mechanism of inhibition and the specificities at the S1' and the S4 subsites. (rcsb.org)
  • A favorable network of hydrogen bonds involving the oxyanion hole, catalytic histidine, and the atoms in the prime site of the inhibitor enhance the binding affinity and specificity of the aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors toward caspase-3. (rcsb.org)
  • Caspase substrate specificity has been widely used in caspase based inhibitor and drug design. (wikipedia.org)
  • Per usual in non-apoptotic growing cells caspase activated dnase is held in check inactivated in the cytoplasm thanks to the association with its inhibitor, inhibitor of caspase-activated DNase (ICAD) also known as DNA fragmentation factor 45 kDa (DFF45). (wikipedia.org)
  • it acts as a CAD inhibitor and also as a chaperone for CAD synthesis assisting the correct assembly of the protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, cotreatment with PCA and autophagy inhibitor attenuated the cytotoxicity induced by PCA in OVCAR-3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • MCF-7) and this phenotype is blocked by overexpression of the caspase-3 protease inhibitor, CrmA. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Caspase-3 is a widely expressed dimeric peptidase that is the major executioner caspase, the primary downstream mediator of apoptotic-associated proteolysis. (rndsystems.com)
  • As an executioner caspase, the caspase-3 zymogen has virtually no activity until it is cleaved by an initiator caspase after apoptotic signaling events have occurred. (wikipedia.org)
  • These activated initiator caspases in-turn cleave downstream effector or ?executioner? (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Structural basis for the inhibition of caspase-3 by XIAP. (expasy.org)
  • Moreover, our results showed that PCA increased the intracellular levels of glutathione and decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species that might be related to the inhibition effect of PCA on OVCAR-3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • The effects of POP inhibition and knockdown on the proliferation of cultured human estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) MCF7 and T47D, and ER-negative (ER-) MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines and the MCF12A non-tumorigenic epithelial cell line were tested by analyzing their influence on cell proliferation (WST-1 assay), cell viability (trypan blue exclusion assay), and cell cycle arrest (cell cycle analysis, cell cycle regulator proteins expression). (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 8 ] Caspase inhibition in clonal striatal cells showed no correlation between the reduction of aggregates in the cells and increased survival. (medscape.com)
  • Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode the same protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-activated DNase (CAD) or DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DFFB gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes a nuclear protein that contains a p53 binding domain at the N-terminus and a RING finger domain at the C-terminus, and shows structural similarity to p53-binding protein MDM2. (abeomics.com)
  • Beclin l, the mammalian counterpart of the yeast Atg6 gene, is an essential protein in autophagy ( 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In the developing male (XY) gonad, sex-determining region of the Y (SRY) protein acts to up-regulate expression of the related gene, SOX9 , a transcriptional regulator that in turn initiates a downstream pathway of testis development, whilst also suppressing ovary development. (plos.org)
  • The byg mutation is an A to T transversion causing a premature stop codon in the gene encoding MAP3K4 (also known as MEKK4), a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase. (plos.org)
  • The Y-linked sex determining gene SRY regulates this process by initiating a pathway of gene and protein expression, including the expression of critical autosomal genes such as SOX9 . (plos.org)
  • This mutant, which we called boygirl ( byg ), was shown to contain an early stop codon that disrupts the autosomal gene encoding MAP3K4, a component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. (plos.org)
  • This gene is located in a cluster of closely related salivary proline-rich proteins on chromosome 12. (cancerindex.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax gene and protein were analyzed by real time RT-PCR and WB, respectively. (springer.com)
  • This gene product is a bZIP protein, which was also identified as a cellular transcription factor that binds to an enhancer in the promoter of the T cell leukemia virus type 1 promoter. (cancerindex.org)
  • It has been found that upon accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the mRNA of this gene is processed to an active form by an unconventional splicing mechanism that is mediated by the endonuclease inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1). (cancerindex.org)
  • The retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) is a tumor suppressor protein and acts as cell cycle regulator. (novusbio.com)
  • Initiator caspases (e.g. caspase-8 and -10) are activated by dimerization of the zymogen on a dedicated adaptor protein. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we report a role for the phylogenetically ancient mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathway in mouse sex determination. (plos.org)
  • Using two different methods it was possible to detect constitutive activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) in newly isolated neutrophils. (lu.se)
  • During the transient loss of p38 activity there was a temporary Fas-induced increase in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, which also had a pro-apoptotic impact on the neutrophils. (lu.se)
  • Caspase-3 is a caspase protein that interacts with caspase-8 and caspase-9. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the procaspase is cleaved at a particular residue, the active heterotetramer can then be formed by hydrophobic interactions, causing four anti-parallel beta-sheets from p17 and two from p12 to come together to make a heterodimer, which in turn interacts with another heterodimer to form the full 12-stranded beta-sheet structure surrounded by alpha-helices that is unique to caspases. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein also interacts with MDM2 protein via the RING finger domain, and inhibits the latter's degradation. (abeomics.com)
  • It interacts with other proteins and has a crucial role in hepatocarcinogenesis ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • These molecules are sufficient to activate caspase-3 in vitro, but other regulatory proteins are necessary in vivo. (wikipedia.org)
  • Promotes apoptosome formation and activates caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway. (rndsystems.com)
  • Both proteins bind the p53 tumor suppressor protein and inhibit its activity, and have been shown to be overexpressed in a variety of human cancers. (abeomics.com)
  • They also demonstrated a Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome tumor-suppressor protein, folliculin. (medscape.com)
  • [ 42 ] Another study by Nahorski et al demonstrated tumor suppression by the interaction of p0071 (plakophilin-4, a potential novel folliculin-interacting protein) and the regulation of RhoA. (medscape.com)
  • The following product was used in this experiment: Active/Pro-Caspase 3 Monoclonal Antibody (31A1067) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA1-91637, RRID AB_1954999. (thermofisher.com)
  • Western Blot analysis of (A) RAW264.7 and (B) NIH-3T3 cell lysate using Active/Pro-Caspase 3 Monoclonal Antibody (31A1067) (Product # MA1-91637). (thermofisher.com)
  • Unlike the clan CA cysteine proteases, the catalytic histidine in caspase-3 plays a critical role during protonation and subsequent ring opening of the epoxide moiety and facilitates the nucleophilic attack by the active site cysteine. (rcsb.org)
  • The catalytic site of caspase-3 involves the thiol group of Cys-163 and the imidazole ring of His-121. (wikipedia.org)
  • This specificity allows caspases to be incredibly selective, with a 20,000-fold preference for aspartic acid over glutamic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase 3 and caspase 7 share similar substrate specificity by recognizing tetra-peptide motif Asp-x-x-Asp. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 2 , 3 ] A comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the above 3 sets of criteria along with a fourth set of criteria developed by Kahn et al demonstrated that the Kahn and Alarcon-Segovia criteria are the most sensitive and specific for disease diagnosis. (medscape.com)
  • This extrinsic activation then triggers the hallmark caspase cascade characteristic of the apoptotic pathway, in which caspase-3 plays a dominant role. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under normal circumstances, caspases recognize tetra-peptide sequences on their substrates and hydrolyze peptide bonds after aspartic acid residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • DFFA is encoded by an alternatively encrypted mRNAs originating two distinct forms: short (ICAD-S) and long (ICAD-L), which act like a specific chaperone ensuring the correct CAD's folding Besides, it contains two aspartic acid residues (Asp117 and Asp224) where CAD is identified and, consequently, it stays bounded until Caspase-3 splits this union. (wikipedia.org)
  • The CASP3 protein is a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-8 (FLICE/MACH-1) is a 55 kDa cytosolic protein with homology to the CD95/Fas-associated signal transducer, FADD/MORT-1, as well as to other caspase (ICE/Ced-3) cysteine proteases. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The genetic basis of HD is the expansion of a cysteine-adenosine-guanine (CAG) repeat encoding a polyglutamine tract in the N-terminus of the protein product called huntingtin. (medscape.com)
  • Lysates from control (lanes 1-3) and camptothecin treated Jurkat cells (lanes 4-6) were probed with anti-human caspase-8 (clone 4-1-20, Cat. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Full-length recombinant human caspase-3 protein was used as immunogen. (thermofisher.com)
  • Additionally, HBO increased expression of Bcl-2 while decreasing cleaved caspase-3. (nih.gov)
  • Bax expression was induced and caspase-3 was activated by ellagic acid treatment. (nutrimedical.com)
  • MP increased the mRNA expression of T-bet and the protein expression of Bcl-2 in the spleen and decreased the protein expression of caspase-3 and Bax. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, NS5A significantly increases the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclin D1 and nuclear factor-κB, but decreases p53 protein expression in HepG2 cells ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • NS5A upregulates Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expression in a HCV NS5A-transactivated protein 9 (NS5ATP9)-dependent manner ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Expression analysis of mutant XY gonads at the same stage also reveals a dramatic reduction in Sox9 and, crucially, Sry at the transcript and protein levels. (plos.org)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • The expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 genes increased in HCT-116 cell lines after 48 h of treatment, suggesting cell death by the apoptotic pathways. (mendeley.com)
  • UC and CC exposure instigated increased LF proliferation, collagen I, pro-collagen III, and fibronectin production, which correlated to similar elevated ECM protein expression in day 28 nanoclay-exposed mouse lung tissue. (cdc.gov)
  • The results showed that Tau treatment induced the decrease of TUNEL-positive cells, prohibited the disturbance of Bcl-2 and Bax expression, and inhibited Cyt C release and caspase-8 and caspase-3 activation significantly. (springer.com)
  • It may increase expression of viral proteins by acting as the DNA binding partner of a viral transactivator. (cancerindex.org)
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a kind of small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of protein through targeting the 3′UTR of messenger RNA (mRNA), resulting in mRNA degradation or suppression of translation [ 5 ]. (degruyter.com)
  • [ 35 ] Expression of the Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome protein has been widespread in a variety of tissues, including the kidneys, lungs, and skin. (medscape.com)
  • Caspase-3 is activated in the apoptotic cell both by extrinsic (death ligand) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • These DAMPs include mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), cardiolipin, N-formyl peptides (NFPs), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also metabolites such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and succinate [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • PCA treatment induced cell cycle arrest in G 2 /M phase, the activation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, the upregulation of Bax and downregulation of Bcl-2 in OVCAR-3 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusion: Human AAT is an acute phase protein with a broad-protease inhibitory and immunomodulatory activities used as a therapeutic for emphysema patients with inherited AAT deficiency. (lu.se)
  • A key feature of caspases in the cell is that they are present as zymogens, termed procaspases, which are inactive until a biochemical change causes their activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) extract has been shown to inhibit the activation of caspase 3 in B-amyloid treated human neuronal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-3 activation is a cell requirement during early stages of the skeletal myoblast differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase signals resulting from the activation of nuclease CAD indicate that the cell differentiation is due to a CAD modification in chromatin structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, unlike MDM2 which degrades p53, this protein inhibits p53 by binding its transcriptional activation domain. (abeomics.com)
  • FADD therefore acts as an adapter molecule, allowing caspase-8 to become recruited to the cytoplasmic region of Fas following receptor activation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Viral proteins (v-FLIPS) which inhibit recruitment and activation of caspase-8 have been isolated. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • 2 microg/cm2) caused a robust, dose-dependent necrosis, with little evidence for Caspase 1 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • 2 microg/ cm2) elicited Caspase 1 and 3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • Reduces neuronal responsiveness to various apoptotic stimuli, leading to a decreased caspase-3 activation. (abcam.com)
  • Organic solvent-induced proximal tubular cell toxicity via caspase-3 activation. (cdc.gov)
  • Fluoride exposure also significantly elevated the protein expressions of cytochrome c and active caspase-3. (fluoridealert.org)
  • Furthermore, cytochrome c (Cyt C) release, and the activity of caspase-8 and caspase-3 were also determined. (springer.com)
  • Tissue culture supernatant is purified by either protein A/G or affinity purification methods. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • We are a global provider of human and animal biospecimens: including frozen & FFPE tissue, DNA, RNA, total proteins, blood products and primary cells. (amsbio.com)
  • Adding support to the concept of mixed connective tissue disease as a distinct entity, in 1993, Mairesse et al described an autoantibody to the constitutive 73-kD heat shock protein found at high levels exclusively in patients with mixed connective tissue disease. (medscape.com)
  • As mentioned in the Introduction, the hallmark of mixed connective tissue disease is the presence of autoantibodies to U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, in particular a 70-kDa U1 protein. (medscape.com)
  • Specific anti-RNP autoantibodies that preferentially bind to the apoptotic form of the U1 protein have been demonstrated in a group of patients with mixed connective tissue disease (29 of 53 tested). (medscape.com)
  • Human SLAMF5 Protein, mFc-His Tag on SDS-PAGE under reducing condition. (abeomics.com)
  • The antibody recognizes both the proform of human caspase-8 (55/50 kDa doublet) as well as the cleaved form (40/36 kDa doublet) on SDS/PAGE. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Recombinant full length protein corresponding to Human Alpha-synuclein. (abcam.com)
  • AIM: To explore the effect of human plasma alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein in the chemically induced mouse model of colorectal cancer. (lu.se)
  • Consequently, PP2A can increase the activity of caspase 3 by dual mechanisms and thereby promote the apoptotic response in human neutrophils. (lu.se)
  • 2CNL: Crystal structures of caspase-3 in complex with aza-peptide epoxide inhibitors. (rcsb.org)
  • Autophagy was blocked by inhibitors 3‑methyladenine and chloroquine, or via knockdown of Beclin 1. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The encoded protein is a homophilic adhesion molecule that is expressed in numerous immune cells types and is involved in regulating receptor-mediated signaling in those cells. (abeomics.com)
  • Apoptotic caspase activity inhibits cell death-associated inflammation. (nature.com)
  • Caspase-3, in particular, (also known as CPP32/Yama/apopain) is formed from a 32 kDa zymogen that is cleaved into 17 kDa and 12 kDa subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • The zymogen feature of caspase-3 is necessary because if unregulated, caspase activity would kill cells indiscriminately. (wikipedia.org)
  • caspases (e.g. caspase-3, -6, and -7) in a cascade-like manner, which cleave key cellular proteins that lead to the morphological changes associated with apoptotic cell death. (enzolifesciences.com)
  • Induces fibrillization of microtubule-associated protein tau. (abcam.com)
  • These studies demonstrate that the capsid protein of WNV may be responsible for aspects of viral pathogenesis through induction of the apoptotic cascade. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, a clearer understanding of WNV is necessary in order to identify new strategies to treat or prevent this viral infection ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Here, we demonstrate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) and its substrate transcription factor X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP1) drive NK cell responses against viral infection and tumors in vivo. (cancerindex.org)
  • Active Caspase-3 contains two p17 and two p12 subunits. (rndsystems.com)
  • DNA fragmentation factor (DFF) is a heterodimeric protein of 40-kD (DFFB) and 45-kD (DFFA) subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Caspase-8 is produced as a proenzyme (55/50 kDa doublet) which upon receptor aggregation is proteolytically cleaved into smaller subunits of 40/36 (doublet), and 23 kDa. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Additional work suggests that GGAs direct endosomal proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptors, to the lysosome, as well. (alzforum.org)
  • The purity of the protein is greater than 95% as determined by SDS-PAGE and Coomassie blue staining. (abeomics.com)
  • In addition, mitochondria harbour many damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that can initiate a variety of inflammatory signalling pathways [ 3 ]. (nature.com)
  • Real-time PCR and Western blot assay were used to assess mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3, respectively. (medscimonit.com)
  • The most enriched proteins released were the nucleosomal histones, which have previously been identified as damage-associated molecular pattern proteins (DAMPs) that can initiate sterile inflammatory responses. (nature.com)
  • We also observed that PCA treatment significantly caused upregulation of autophagy-related protein LC3-II and induced GFP-LC3 puncta formation. (nih.gov)
  • DN caspase-9 (provided courtesy of Emad S. Alnmeri, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA) has been reported to inhibit the caspase cascade ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The methylated flavonoids, compounds 1-3 and 5, were evaluated for their anticancer activities in comparison to the non-methylated parent flavonoids taxifolin (4) and quercetin (6). (mendeley.com)
  • It is also known as caspase activated nuclease (CPAN), dna fragmentation factor 40 (DFF-40), DFF2 and DFFB. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dying cells have been defined as apoptotic by distinguishing features, including cell contraction, nuclear fragmentation, blebbing, apoptotic body formation and maintenance of intact cellular membranes to prevent massive protein release and consequent inflammation. (nature.com)
  • We found that PCA treatment significantly reduced the cell viability and colony formation of OVCAR-3, SKOV-3, and A2780 cells. (nih.gov)
  • Brain concentrations of total Hg were significantly lower by ~3-fold for the thimerosal-exposed infants when compared to the MeHg infants, while the average brain-to-blood concentration ratio was slightly higher for the thimerosal-exposed infants (3.5±1.0 vs. 2.5±0.6). (blogspot.com)
  • OVCAR-3 cells were selected as a test model system for investigating molecular mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • Caspase-8 is identified as 55/50 kDa (proform) and 40/36 kDa (cleaved) bands in treated cells and the 55 kDa in control cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Further evaluation revealed that ellagic acid was a potent antiestrogen in MCF-7 breast cancer-derived cells, increasing, like the pure estrogen antagonist ICI182780, IGFBP-3 levels. (nutrimedical.com)
  • The antibody recognizes an epitope in the large domain subunit of Caspase-3. (thermofisher.com)