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Apoptotic proteaseCasp8ProteinInhibitorsInhibitorProteASESCysteine proteaseEffector caspasesCASP3 and CASP7ProteinsCasp1CleavageInitiatorInhibitsIsoformsSubstrateSusceptibilityXIAPPrecursorICADPARPUpstreamActivatorsInactiveActivatesGenesDrosophilaEnzymeGeneIntrinsicInteractionActivityActivationSignalsConsistentCell deathSurvival

Apoptotic protease1

• The cone-enriched apoptotic protease caspase-7 ( Casp7 ) is thought to be triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and plays a pivotal role in mice deficient in the cone cyclic nucleotide-gated channels, a deficiency that causes achromatopsia in humans and in mice with autosomal dominant rhodopsin mutations, in particular the T17M mutation. (molvis.org)

Casp83

• The search for the downstream factors demonstrated that both Casp1 and Casp8 are involved in Caspase-7 cleavage, which is the effector that restricts L. pneumophila infection in vitro. (fapesp.br)
• CASP2 , CASP8 , CASP9 and CASP10 ) cleave inactive pro-forms of effector caspases, thereby activating them. (wikidoc.org)
• Acts as an E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase regulating NF-kappa-B signaling and the target proteins for its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity include: RIPK1, CASP3, CASP7, CASP8, CASP9, MAP3K2/MEKK2, DIABLO/SMAC, AIFM1, CCS and BIRC5/survivin. (nih.gov)

Protein9

• Caspase-7, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase, also known as CASP7, is a human protein encoded by the CASP7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
• Caspase-7 is a member of the caspase (cysteine aspartate protease) family of proteins, and has been shown to be an executioner protein of apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)
• Caspases are heterotetrameric, being made up of two pairs of subunits, generated by a single gene product, which is proteolysed to form the mature protein. (guidetopharmacology.org)
• CASP3 , CASP6 , CASP7 ) in turn cleave other protein substrates within the cell resulting in the apoptotic process. (wikidoc.org)
• Horvitz and his colleague Junying Yuan [2] found in 1993 that the protein encoded by the ced-3 gene was a cysteine protease with similar properties to the mammalian interleukin-1-beta converting enzyme (ICE) (now known as caspase 1) which at the time was the only known caspase. (wikidoc.org)
• Cytochrome c then forms a multi-protein complex known as the 'apoptosome' and initiates activation of the caspase cascade through caspase 9. (geneontology.org)
• Its anti-apoptotic activity is mediated through the inhibition of CASP3, CASP7 and CASP9, as well as by its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity (PubMed:11024045, PubMed:16729033). (qedbio.com)
• Its anti-apoptotic activity is mediated through the inhibition of CASP3, CASP7 and CASP9, as well as by its E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. (icr.ac.uk)
• Multi-functional protein which regulates not only caspases and apoptosis, but also modulates inflammatory signaling and immunity, copper homeostasis, mitogenic kinase signaling, cell proliferation, as well as cell invasion and metastasis. (nih.gov)

Inhibitors3

• The MEROPS online database for peptidases and their inhibitors: C14.004 Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P55210 (Human Caspase-7) at the PDBe-KB. (wikipedia.org)
• The initiation of this cascade reaction is regulated by caspase inhibitors. (wikidoc.org)
• Cell death is frequently considered to be 'caspase-dependent' when it is suppressed by broad-spectrum caspase inhibitors such as N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone (Z-VAD-fmk). (geneontology.org)

Inhibitor2

• As it is a weak caspase inhibitor, its anti-apoptotic activity is thought to be due to its ability to ubiquitinate DIABLO/SMAC targeting it for degradation thereby promoting cell survival (PubMed:16729033). (qedbio.com)
• Acts as a direct caspase inhibitor. (nih.gov)

ProteASES4

• Caspases are a family of calcium -dependent cysteine proteases , which play essential roles in apoptosis (programmed cell death), necrosis and inflammation . (wikidoc.org)
• They are called cysteine proteases , because they use a cysteine residue to cut those proteins, and are called caspases because the cysteine residue cleaves their substrate proteins at specific asparagine residues. (wikidoc.org)
• Apoptosis is a programmed form of cell death involving the degradation of cellular constituents by a group of cysteine proteases called caspases. (geneontology.org)
• Apoptosis, a form of cellular suicide, involves the activation of CED-3-related cysteine proteases (caspases). (deathbase.org)

Cysteine protease1

• Identification and mapping of Casp7, a cysteine protease resembling CPP32 beta, interleukin-1 beta converting enzyme, and CED-3. (deathbase.org)

Effector caspases3

• initiator caspases (caspases 2, 8, 9 and 10), which are able to hydrolyse and activate a second family of effector caspases (caspases 3, 6 and 7), which themselves are able to hydrolyse further cellular proteins to bring about programmed cell death. (guidetopharmacology.org)
• Initiator caspases possess a longer prodomain than the effector caspases, whose prodomain is very small. (wikidoc.org)
• This allows them to autoactivate, so that they can then proceed to activate the effector caspases. (wikidoc.org)

CASP3 and CASP72

• In vitro, interacts with CASP3 and CASP7 via its BIR domain. (icr.ac.uk)
• Directly bind to the active site pocket of CASP3 and CASP7 and obstructs substrate entry. (nih.gov)

Proteins3

• Caspases are essential in cells for apoptosis , one of the main types of programmed cell death in development and most other stages of adult life, and have been termed "executioner" proteins for their roles in the cell. (wikidoc.org)
• BCL2 proteins are described as 'crucial regulators of apoptosis' (PMID:15868100)and the intrinsic apoptosis pathway is initiated by the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm, which results in the activation of caspases (15102863) - help in generating a defintion for intrinsic apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
• does all activation of caspases require other proteins also involved in apoptosis - therefore shouldn't this term be a part of apoptosis? (geneontology.org)

Casp11

• This is because they are inflammatory caspases, which in concert with CASP1 , are involved in cytokine maturation. (wikidoc.org)

Cleavage3

• The inflammasome is a molecular platform found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, which activation leads to the processing of caspase-1 and cleavage of IL-1b and IL-18 into their active forms, as well as induction of inflammatory cell death through gasdermin-D activation. (fapesp.br)
• The exact contribution that the cleavage of many caspase substrates makes to the biochemistry and morphology of apoptosis is unclear. (wikidoc.org)
• The cleavage and inactivation of ICAD/DFF45 by a caspase allows CAD to enter the nucleus and fragment the DNA, causing the characteristic 'DNA ladder' seen in apoptotic cells. (wikidoc.org)

Initiator4

• initiator (apical) caspases and effector (executioner) caspases . (wikidoc.org)
• Initiator caspases (e.g. (wikidoc.org)
• The prodomain of the initiator caspases contain domains such as a CARD domain (e.g. caspases-2 and -9) or a death effector domain (DED) (caspases-8 and -10) that enables the caspases to interact with other molecules that regulate their activation. (wikidoc.org)
• These molecules respond to stimuli which cause the clustering of the initiator caspases. (wikidoc.org)

Inhibits1

• Livin inhibits the activation of caspase-9 induced by Apaf- 1, cytochrome c, and dATP. (qedbio.com)

Isoforms1

• Isoforms 1, 5 and 7 are expressed in a wide variety of tissues. (lu.se)

Substrate1

• The specific activity of Mch3 alpha toward the peptide substrate DEVD-7-amino-4-methylcoumarin and PARP resembles that of CPP32. (deathbase.org)

Susceptibility1

• In this sense, the double deficiency of both Casp7 and GsdmD culminates in increased susceptibility of macrophages and mice to bacterial replication. (fapesp.br)

XIAP2

• Caspase 7 has been shown to interact with: Caspase 8, Survivin and XIAP. (wikipedia.org)
• May contribute to caspase inhibition, by blocking the ability of DIABLO/SMAC to disrupt XIAP/BIRC4-caspase interactions (PubMed:16729033). (qedbio.com)

Precursor1

• The precursor of this caspase is cleaved by caspase 3, caspase 10, and caspase 9. (wikipedia.org)

ICAD1

• However, the function of ICAD/DFF45 is to restrain the enzyme CAD (Caspase Activated DNase). (wikidoc.org)

PARP1

• PARP [Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase] is a 116 kDa nuclear chromatin-associated enzyme that is cleaved during apoptosis by caspase-3 into a 24 kDa fragment containing the DNA binding domain and an 89 kDa fragment containing the catalytic and automodification domains. (novusbio.com)

Upstream2

• Caspases exist as inactive proenzymes that undergo proteolytic processing by upstream caspases (caspase-8, -9) at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active enzyme in the form of a heterotetramer. (wikipedia.org)
• Most upstream protease of the activation cascade of caspases responsible for the TNFRSF6/FAS mediated and TNFRSF1a induced cell death. (lu.se)

Activators1

• Cell killing by reaper and two genetically linked apoptotic activators, hid and grim, requires caspase activity. (deathbase.org)

Inactive1

• They are first synthesized as inactive pro-caspases , that consist of a prodomain, a small subunit and a large subunit. (wikidoc.org)

Activates1

• the apoptosome (regulated by cytochrome c and the Bcl-2 family ) which activates caspase-9 . (wikidoc.org)

Genes2

• Genetic variations in the caspase genes CASP-3 and CASP-7 are known to be involved in apoptosis, cytokine maturation, cell growth and differentiation. (geneticsmr.com)
• Polymorphisms of CASP-3 and CASP-7 genes have been increasingly recognized as important regulators in the development of cancer. (geneticsmr.com)

Drosophila2

• Following this discovery, the other mammalian caspases, in addition to caspases in other organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster , were soon identified and characterised. (wikidoc.org)
• A Drosophila caspase, named Drosophila caspase-1 (DCP-1), was identified and found to be structurally and biochemically similar to Caenorhabditis elegans CED-3. (deathbase.org)

Enzyme1

• Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Mouse Caspase 12 (CASP12) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (hiv-pharmacogenomics.org)

Gene3

• Casp7 knockout mice were crossed to two different RP mouse models with significantly different rod and cone death kinetics: the rd1 mouse model, which carries a mutation in the Pde6b gene, and the rhodopsin knockout mouse model ( Rho-KO or Rho -/- ). (molvis.org)
• The importance of caspases to apoptosis and programmed cell death was originally established by Robert Horvitz and colleagues who found that the ced-3 gene was required for the cell death that took place during the development of the nematode C. elegans . (wikidoc.org)
• This gene encodes a member of the cysteine-aspartic acid protease (caspase) family. (cancerindex.org)

Intrinsic1

• The caspases can be activated through either the intrinsic (mitochondrial mediated) or extrinsic (death receptor mediated) apoptotic pathways. (geneontology.org)

Interaction1

• Livin has direct interaction with several caspases including caspase-3, -7, and -9. (qedbio.com)

Activity3

• Secondary cone death in retinitis pigmentosa is unlikely to be triggered by ER stress and is likely independent of Casp7 activity. (molvis.org)
• should the term ['GO:0006919] activation of caspase activity' be a child of positive regulation of apoptosis or induction of apoptosis rather than directly to apoptosis? (geneontology.org)
• Although the presence of active caspases and DNA fragmentation is helpful in identifying possible apoptosis, they should not be employed as an exclusive means to demonstrate this process as apototic cell death can occur without DNA fragmentation or caspase activity. (geneontology.org)

Activation1

• Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of cell apoptosis. (wikipedia.org)

Signals1

• The regulation of caspases by apoptotic signals and the precise mechanism by which they kill the cell remain unknown. (deathbase.org)

Consistent1

• Consistent with our previous results, nutlin-3a reduced PARP1 levels in dose- and time-dependent manners in MCF-7 cells, but this reduction was suppressed in p53 knockdown cells. (oncotarget.com)

Cell death3

• It has shown that Caspase-1-deficient macrophages present delayed cell death during L. pneumophila infection. (fapesp.br)
• The hypothesis is that cell death mediated by Casp7 and GsdmD is responsible for restriction of bacterial proliferation by triggering efficient cell recruitment to the infected lungs during L. pneumophila infection. (fapesp.br)
• Thus, identifying a specific caspase as part of a cell death mechanism can give insights into the underlying cause for cell death. (molvis.org)

Survival2

• Loss of Casp7 did not alter cone survival in either of the two mouse models tested regardless of the time point analyzed. (molvis.org)
• Rod survival was also not affected in either model nor did loss of Casp7 affect rod or cone function in a wild-type background as assessed with electroretinogram analyses. (molvis.org)