Cases of placenta accreta. Medical search. Frequent questions

A 28-year-old female with amenorrhea of 25 weeks G 2 P 1 L 1, diagnosed case of placenta previa and placenta accreta with previous lower-segment cesarean section and ventriculomegaly in the fetus was planned for hysterotomy ± hysterectomy. (jicajournal.in)
[1] One of the two leading causes of peripartum hemorrhage is placenta accreta and is also the most common indication for peripartum hysterectomy. (jicajournal.in)
The placenta had penetrated the lower segment of the uterus and the whole of the cervix and was invading the uterine serosa (percreta), therefore, a decision for cesarean hysterectomy was taken. (jicajournal.in)
Two experienced operators, blinded to the clinical data were asked to make a judgement on the likelihood of placenta accreta spectrum as a binary: low or high-probability of placenta accreta spectrum and to predict the main surgical outcome (conservative vs peripartum hysterectomy). (ucl.ac.uk)
The diagnosis of accreta placentation was confirmed when one or more placental cotyledon(s) could not be digitally separated from the uterine wall at delivery or during the gross examination of the hysterectomy or partial myometrial resection specimens. (ucl.ac.uk)
Seventy-two (64.9%) patients had a peripartum hysterectomy including 13 cases with no evidence of PAS at birth due to failure to reconstruct the lower uterine segment and/or excessive bleeding. (ucl.ac.uk)
Because the placenta cannot be detached from the uterus after delivery, the definitive treatment is a hysterectomy. (lluch.org)
The following information used in planning antenatal care and admis- was extracted from the records: peripartum sion for elective or emergency deliveries to hysterectomy including hysterectomy for units that are well equipped to deal with po- placenta praevia accreta, bowel and bladder tential complications. (who.int)
Methods 16 (12 accreta, 4 non-accreta) caesarean hysterectomy specimens were studied using immunohistochemistry. (bmj.com)
Given the high repeat cesarean delivery rate, patients should be informed that the risks of placenta previa, placenta accreta and gravid hysterectomy increase with each subsequent cesarean delivery. (harvard.edu)
In severe cases, your doctor may have to remove your uterus (hysterectomy). (kiindred.co)
This makes the condition life threatening and in many cases, the doctor may have to undertake a hysterectomy to help control bleeding. (babiekids.com)
We describe the case of a second trimester placenta accreta presenting as postabortal haemorrhage complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation , requiring hysterectomy . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
ß-hCG levels decreased from before treatment to the end of the follow-up period 3 weeks later.No cases required a hysterectomy, and no maternal complications were reported in this study.Conclusion. (bvsalud.org)
Postpartum hysterectomy refers to hysterectomy done either after vaginal delivery or cesarean delivery skin closure after cesarean section, whereas cesarean hysterectomy is done in the same surgical case as cesarean delivery. (medscape.com)

Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), formerly known as morbidly adherent placenta, refers to the range of pathologic adherence of the placenta, including placenta increta, placenta percreta, and placenta accreta. (jicajournal.in)
An important risk factor is the placenta previa in the presence of a uterine scar Ultrasound is the primary tool for diagnosis but MRI is helpful in cases of inconclusive or if placenta percreta is suspected.Methods: Review of case records (Retrospective case study) of women with adherent placenta during the years 2009 - 2015 at Amrita Institute Of Medical Sciences Research Centre, Kochi. (amrita.edu)
Women who had been previously diagnosed with placenta previa are at a higher risk of developing placenta accrete, placenta increate and placenta percreta. (babiekids.com)
The most severe form is called percreta, wherein the placenta grows through the uterine wall and invades surrounding organs, such as the bladder and intestine. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)
They were now dealing with placenta percreta with high vascularity and multi-organ invasion. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)
Various degrees of abnormal placentation are noted: placenta accreta (adherence of the placenta to myometrium), increta (invasion through myometrium), and percreta (invasion all the way through the myometrium into serosa, frequently into the bladder). (medscape.com)

Pelviperitonitis Due to Iatrogenic Perforation of the Uterus in the Context of Clandestine Abortion: A Case Report. (juniperpublishers.com)
a the placenta was at anterior to bottom of the uterus without clear borderline of the placenta and the muscle layer at the 28th gestational week. (biomedcentral.com)
Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. (wikipedia.org)
Vi beskriver en sygehistorie, hvor der blev foretaget hysterektomi på indikationen nekrotisk uterus tolv timer efter sectio, hvilket ikke tidligere er beskrevet i litteraturen. (ugeskriftet.dk)
Placenta accreta is thought to be caused by scarring or other abnormalities with the lining of the uterus. (lluch.org)
Most studies show that ultrasounds are better at detecting placenta accreta in the front of the uterus. (lluch.org)
MRI and ultrasound are equally good at identifying placenta accreta in the back of the uterus. (lluch.org)
Using a Doppler ultrasound to look for vascularity can help to differential between the two, with clots being avascular and retained placenta often receiving persistent blood flow from the uterus. (medscape.com)
Placenta accreta, a condition in which the placenta abnormally implants in the uterus, can lead to additional complications, including massive obstetric hemorrhage at delivery. (ogpnews.com)
The placenta attaches to the inside of the uterus during pregnancy and connects to the foetus via the umbilical cord, delivering blood, oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the baby. (kiindred.co)
This occurs when the placenta peels away from the uterus before birth and can stop oxygen and nutrients from getting to your baby, as well as major bleeding. (kiindred.co)
This occurs when the placenta remains attached to the uterus after birth (either partially or completely) and can be life-threatening if not treated. (kiindred.co)
In this condition, the placenta is not perfectly placed in the uterus. (babiekids.com)
Placenta previa is a term used to describe the unusual placement of your placenta in the uterus. (babiekids.com)
The condition is diagnosed when the placenta is lying low inside the uterus, usually next to the cervix or even covering the cervix. (babiekids.com)
The placenta is normally located close to the uterus upper part and its work is to supply your unborn baby with nutrients via the umbilical cord. (babiekids.com)
However, in the case of placenta previa, implantation occurs in the lower part of the uterus which would mean that the upper part will not contract. (babiekids.com)
The intermediate form in terms of severity is referred to as increta, where the placenta invades more deeply into the muscles of the uterus. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)
What happens when the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterus wall? (browntrialfirm.com)
This occurs in the failure of the placenta to separate itself from the uterus in the delivery process, pulling in its inner portion and reversing the organ and turned inside out, with an 85% maternal chance of survival rate. (medicalfoxx.com)
In conclusion, in the present case the cause of the heavy vaginal bleeding was a primary cervical fibroid as the uterus attempted to abort it. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
If the pregnancy continues within the uterus, the risk of placenta accrete or uterine rupture is increased.Objective. (bvsalud.org)
Normally, the placenta attaches to the uterus via specialized endometrium for the exchange of various nutrients between mother and fetus during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
Once the fetus delivers, the placenta separates and the uterus contracts down and shrinks in size. (medscape.com)
Cessation of bleeding requires the myometrial layer to contract down tightly to close off the special uterine vessels (spiral arteries) that grew during pregnancy and to decrease the surface area exposed on the inside of the uterus where the placenta was attached (placental bed). (medscape.com)
[ 2 ] which most commonly results from uterine atony (failure of the uterus to contract into a firm muscle after delivery of the placenta). (medscape.com)
The placenta connects the fetus (unborn baby) to the mother's uterus. (medlineplus.gov)
Placenta abruptio (also called placental abruption) is when the placenta separates from the inner wall of the uterus before the baby is born. (medlineplus.gov)
In a small number of pregnancies, the placenta detaches (pulls itself from the wall of the uterus) too early. (medlineplus.gov)

More than half of women affected by placenta praevia (51.6%) have bleeding before delivery. (wikipedia.org)
Placenta praevia should be suspected if there is bleeding after 24 weeks of gestation. (wikipedia.org)
svær blødning som følge af atoni, placenta praevia/accreta eller uterusruptur [1, 2]. (ugeskriftet.dk)
The surgical procedure caesarean sections are associated with an involved a "standard" transverse lower seg- increased incidence of placenta praevia and ment caesarean section under general an- placenta praevia accreta [5-7], scar dehis- aesthesia. (who.int)
Placenta praevia accreta was diagnosed of evidence-based information that can be intraoperatively. (who.int)
Of these, 7 were because of intervals (CI) were calculated to identify the placenta praevia accreta, all of which were association between number of caesarean anterior. (who.int)
Placenta Praevia occurs when the placenta either partially or wholly covers the cervix and can cause bleeding throughout the pregnancy and birth, and can hinder a vaginal birth. (kiindred.co)

An ultrasonography during the pregnancy revealed placenta previa with accreta and increta. (jicajournal.in)
Abnormal placental tissue attachment was found in 76 (68.5%) patients at birth and histologic examination confirmed superficial villous attachment (creta) and deep villous attachment (increta) in 11 and 65 cases, respectively. (ucl.ac.uk)

Other than that placenta previa can be also classified as: Complete: When the placenta completely covers the cervix Partial: When the placenta partially covers the cervix Marginal: When the placenta ends near the edge of the cervix, about 2 cm from the internal cervical os History may reveal antepartum hemorrhage. (wikipedia.org)
In such cases, manual removal of the placenta, unless scrupulously done, results in massive postpartum hemorrhage. (msdmanuals.com)
When placenta accreta is suspected, laparotomy with preparation for large-volume hemorrhage is required. (msdmanuals.com)
Because of the inherent risk of hemorrhage, placenta previa may cause serious morbidity and mortality to both the fetus and the mother. (medscape.com)
A leading cause of third-trimester hemorrhage, placenta previa presents classically as painless bleeding. (medscape.com)
As with all cases of PPH, the first step is evaluating the source/etiology of the hemorrhage. (glowm.com)
As the article describes, CSP is an accepted precursor to placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and affected pregnancies are at increased risk for hemorrhage as a result. (contemporaryobgyn.net)

Women with placenta accreta may experience severe blood loss after a delivery. (lluch.org)
Women with placenta accreta spectrum should have the opportunity to meet members of the team at various times during the pregnancy. (paireland.ie)
Some women with placenta accreta will need to be admitted to the hospital. (paireland.ie)
Most women with placenta accreta spectrum will not need to be admitted to hospital, and can safely be cared for while at home. (paireland.ie)
Women with placenta accreta spectrum will need to give birth by caesarean section. (paireland.ie)
The purpose of this study was to determine if women with placenta accreta spectrum have a distinct plasma protein profile compared with control subjects. (bvsalud.org)

Ultrasound detection of a placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) among women at risk is a key goal to reduce obstetric morbidity, but there is scarce information on its performance in real clinical settings. (karger.com)
We report the effectiveness of a standardized ultrasound protocol to detect PAS in women with placenta previa (PP) in a secondary-level hospital. (karger.com)
Among 126 women with PP, 11 (8.7%) cases of PAS were diagnosed, of which 10 were detected prenatally by ultrasound scan. (karger.com)
All 10 cases of invasive placenta presented more than 3 ultrasound criteria. (karger.com)
Transvaginal ultrasound has superior accuracy as compared to transabdominal one, thus allowing measurement of distance between placenta and cervical os. (wikipedia.org)
BACKGROUND: Transvaginal ultrasound imaging has become an essential tool in the prenatal evaluation of the lower uterine segment and anatomy of the cervix but there are only limited data on the role of transvaginal ultrasound in the management of patients at high risk of placenta accreta spectrum at birth. (ucl.ac.uk)
p= 0.002) between transabdominal and transvaginal ultrasound examination but both ultrasound techniques had similar likelihood score in identifying accreta placentation that was confirmed at birth. (ucl.ac.uk)
Placenta accreta can be detected using ultrasound or MRI. (lluch.org)
Even in the most experienced hands, ultrasound can miss up to 10% of cases. (lluch.org)
Complete placenta previa noted on ultrasound. (medscape.com)
Another ultrasound image clearly depicting complete placenta previa. (medscape.com)
Normally, the position of the placenta is checked at mid-pregnancy using an ultrasound exam. (babiekids.com)
The pregnancy was going seemingly well and she felt great when, at 29 weeks, Kristen's ultrasound revealed evidence of placenta accreta, despite the extremely low likelihood of 0.3 percent, according to a study published by The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists . (stanfordbloodcenter.org)
CSEP cases (N=30) were diagnosed by ultrasound at the Shatby Maternity University Hospital, Egypt. (bvsalud.org)

Placenta accreta, in its broader sense, describes the condition during pregnancy in which the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall in varying degrees. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)
In placenta accreta, the placenta attaches itself directly to the uterine wall, the myometrium, without the deciduas to protect it. (browntrialfirm.com)
When the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall, but does NOT penetrate the uterine muscle. (browntrialfirm.com)
When the placenta penetrates through the uterine wall and attaches to another organ (usually the bladder or bowels). (browntrialfirm.com)

Women who have had multiple C-sections are at a higher risk of developing placenta accreta. (lluch.org)

The more pregnancies you've had, the higher your risk for placenta accreta. (lluch.org)
Placenta previa is frequently reported to occur in 0.5% of all US pregnancies. (medscape.com)
Placenta accreta spectrum disorders in twin pregnancies as an under reported clinical entity: A case series and systematic review. (knepublishing.com)
The overall incidence of all PPH in this cohort of twin pregnancies was 27.8 percent, with minor PPH accounting for 20.1 percent of cases, major but not severe PPH occurring in 4.4 percent of cases, and severe PPH recorded in 3.2 percent of cases. (mims.com)
The outcome of future pregnancies may be complicated by placenta accreta and massive haemorrhage. (lookfordiagnosis.com)
In most pregnancies, the placenta stays attached to the upper part of the uterine wall. (medlineplus.gov)

Complications may include placenta accreta, dangerously low blood pressure, or bleeding after delivery. (wikipedia.org)
What are the complications of placenta accreta? (lluch.org)
Your midwife or doctor will need to inspect the placenta closely to ensure the whole lot has been removed, and if any has been left it will need to be removed to prevent complications. (kiindred.co)
What Complications Can Placenta Previa Bring About? (babiekids.com)
This was the case with Kristen Terlizzi, who was pregnant with her second child when she suffered complications of this devastating disorder. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)

Placenta accreta is an abnormally adherent placenta, resulting in delayed delivery of the placenta. (msdmanuals.com)
Morbidly adherent placenta is a life threatening obstetric emergency. (amrita.edu)
To evaluate the high risk factors, management of morbidly adherent placenta and the maternal as well as fetal outcome in our institution.Results: Out of 17 cases the incidence of placenta accreta increased from 0.15% in 2009 to 0 .26% in 2015. (amrita.edu)

Leopold's maneuvers may find the fetus in an oblique or breech position or lying transverse as a result of the abnormal position of the placenta. (wikipedia.org)

In placenta accreta, the placental villi are not contained by uterine decidual cells, as occurs normally, but extend to the myometrium. (msdmanuals.com)

Placenta Previa Placenta previa is implantation of the placenta over or near the internal os of the cervix. (msdmanuals.com)
Placenta previa is a condition that is caused by poor implantation of the placenta. (babiekids.com)
Women with placenta previa are more likely to have a deep implantation which is not easy to separate during delivery, and this is known as placenta accrete which can cause major bleeding requiring multiple blood transfusions during delivery. (babiekids.com)
Placenta accreta, generally speaking, is an abnormal implantation of the placenta . (browntrialfirm.com)
The following are risk factors for an abnormal implantation of the placenta. (browntrialfirm.com)

Advanced maternal age has also been strongly associated with an increasing incidence of placenta previa. (medscape.com)

Women with placenta previa often present with painless, bright red vaginal bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
Vaginal examination is avoided in known cases of placenta previa. (wikipedia.org)
Usually, vaginal bleeding is profuse during manual separation of the placenta after delivery of the fetus. (msdmanuals.com)
While vaginal bleeding can occur, placenta accreta rarely shows signs or symptoms during pregnancy. (lluch.org)
Placenta previa is an obstetric complication that classically presents as painless vaginal bleeding in the third trimester secondary to an abnormal placentation near or covering the internal cervical os. (medscape.com)
Women have expressed higher satisfaction, improved interaction with the baby, and control over the delivery in the case of vaginal delivery (2) . (momjunction.com)
Vaginal mass that suddenly appears - This is an alarming appearance of a large dark red mass that accompanies the placenta. (medicalfoxx.com)
Clinical considerations and sonographic findings of a large nonpedunculated primary cervical leiomyoma complicated by heavy vaginal haemorrhage: a case report and review of the literature . (lookfordiagnosis.com)
We present a case of 46-year-old female , gravida 2, para 1 who was presented in the gynaecological emergency room with the chief complaint of profound vaginal bleeding over the previous three weeks with recent passage of clots. (lookfordiagnosis.com)

A meta-analysis showed that the rate of placenta previa increases with increasing numbers of cesarean deliveries, with a rate of 1% after 1 cesarean delivery, 2.8% after 3 cesarean deliveries, and as high as 3.7% after 5 cesarean deliveries. (medscape.com)
Placenta previa increases the likelihood of developing heavy bleeding during pregnancy and the mom-to-be may have to undergo a blood transfusion during pregnancy, at delivery and after delivery. (babiekids.com)

Placenta accreta is a high-risk pregnancy complication where the placenta grows deep into the uterine wall and does not detach after childbirth. (lluch.org)
Researchers have reported on a procedure that can preserve fertility and potentially save the lives of women with a serious pregnancy complication called placenta accreta. (ogpnews.com)
Any form of placenta accreta is a high-risk pregnancy complication . (browntrialfirm.com)

However, with the technologic advances in ultrasonography, the diagnosis of placenta previa is commonly made earlier in pregnancy. (medscape.com)

Google Académico, fueron incluidas únicamente las publicaciones que se encontraron a texto completo, en español, inglés y portugués durante los años 2014 al 2022. (bvsalud.org)

As such, sections of the placenta having undergone atrophic changes could persist as a vasa previa. (medscape.com)

However, what remains exceptional in our case is that the anmiotic sac remained intact with a living fetus with positive cardiac activity. (juniperpublishers.com)
However, bleeding may be minimal or absent, but the placenta may not be delivered within 30 minutes after delivery of the fetus. (msdmanuals.com)
The placenta is the lifeline of a fetus. (medlineplus.gov)

Placenta previa is a condition where the placenta blocks the opening of the cervix. (lluch.org)
You could also be diagnosed with a low lying placenta which is when the placenta is not really bordering the cervix but is close within two centimeters. (babiekids.com)

The presence of decidua in focal accretas may help explain continued placental function leading to good fetal outcome in these cases. (bmj.com)

Prenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum. (knepublishing.com)
We cannot stress how important diagnosis is for cases of placenta accreta. (browntrialfirm.com)

For women without placenta previa, having had a previous cesarean delivery increases risk very slightly ( (msdmanuals.com)
If you have placenta previa and have had C-sections, the risk for placenta accreta increases. (lluch.org)
Brachial artery poor collateral flow, used only in cases of depres-sion, there may be caused by interstitial fluid pressure increases reabsorption by the retention of uremic patients unresponsive to medical treatment. (elastizell.com)
If a woman with a previous C-section has placenta previa, this increases their likelihood of developing placenta accrete. (babiekids.com)

Risk factors for abnormal placentation include prior cesarean delivery, placenta previa, and prior uterine surgery including myomectomy (fibroid removal) and curettage (see the image below). (medscape.com)

The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists estimates the average blood loss with placenta accreta is 3,000-5,000 mL (the average person has a total blood volume of about 5,000 mL or 10 pints). (stanfordbloodcenter.org)

Aim Examine EVT invasion and spiral artery (SA) remodelling in placenta accreta. (bmj.com)
Many of the top 50 proteins that significantly dysregulated in participants with placenta accreta spectrum were inflammatory cytokines , factors that regulate vascular remodeling , and extracellular matrix proteins that regulate invasion. (bvsalud.org)
When doctors delivered the baby, they were surprised to find that the invasion of the placenta was much worse than expected. (stanfordbloodcenter.org)

If you have had a fibroid (non-cancerous growth or tumor) removed from your uterine muscle, the scarring could lead to placenta accreta. (lluch.org)

An important risk factor governing the presence of placenta accreta is a history of a prior cesarean delivery. (jicajournal.in)
The following have been identified as risk factors for placenta previa: Previous placenta previa (recurrence rate 4-8%), caesarean delivery, myomectomy or endometrium damage caused by D&C. Women who are younger than 20 are at higher risk and women older than 35 are at increasing risk as they get older. (wikipedia.org)
cocaine use during pregnancy Women with a large placentae from twins or erythroblastosis are at higher risk. (wikipedia.org)
Placenta previa is itself a risk factor of placenta accreta. (wikipedia.org)
Placenta previa and LSCS were the major risk factors. (amrita.edu)
If you have symptoms or risk factors for placenta accreta, talk to your doctor about a referral to a specialist right away. (lluch.org)
With the increasing complexity of cases seen and the growing number of joint clinics, the department of O&G obtained approval to form the Centre for High Risk Pregnancy (CHiRP). (sgh.com.sg)
If any or all of the placenta is left after giving birth there is a risk of infection and/or haemorrhage. (kiindred.co)
Many cases of placenta accreta spectrum are not diagnosed antenatally, despite identified risk factors and improved imaging methods . (bvsalud.org)
In the remainder of cases, if indeed they are at risk for PAS alone, it might be beneficial to have a discussion that incorporates shared decision-making, given the lack of evidence, and particularly because the pregnancy is likely to be the woman's last. (contemporaryobgyn.net)
By opting for a natural birth (especially if you are planning to have more children in the future), you can decrease your risk of placenta accreta. (browntrialfirm.com)

In the final stage of pregnancy, the decidua and placenta detach and are shed as afterbirth. (browntrialfirm.com)

Placenta accreta spectrum, with the use of the top 21 proteins , distinctly separated the placenta accreta spectrum cases from control cases (P (bvsalud.org)

Historically, there have been three defined types of placenta previa: complete, partial, and marginal. (medscape.com)
If the leading edge of the placenta is less than 2 cm from the internal os, but not fully covering, it is considered a marginal previa (see the following image). (medscape.com)

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of transvaginal sonography in the third trimester in predicting outcomes in patients with a high probability of placenta accreta spectrum at birth. (ucl.ac.uk)
Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) is a major cause of obstetric bleeding in third trimester of pregnancy. (knepublishing.com)

Cases that occur in early pregnancy may resolve on their own. (wikipedia.org)
The association of this uterine problem is very rarely observable among non-pregnant women, although it may occur together with some existing tumors or in some cases of prolapsing uterine fibroids. (medicalfoxx.com)

Your placenta is the gateway to your baby, filtering and delivery oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood through the umbilical cord . (browntrialfirm.com)

In six cases, accreta was focal (i.e., normal decidua in some areas), so sections were assessed for decidua. (bmj.com)
other variables did not differ between non-accreta cases and areas in focal accreta cases showing normal decidua. (bmj.com)
Trophoblast giant cells and SA transformation are reduced in accreta areas with no decidua. (bmj.com)

A case of advanced abdominal pregnancy was diagnosed at laparotomy . (lookfordiagnosis.com)

We obtained plasma samples before delivery from 16 participants with placenta accreta spectrum and 10 control subjects with similar gestational ages (35.1 vs 35.5 weeks gestation , respectively). (bvsalud.org)

Recent trends in placenta accreta in the United States and its impact on maternal-fetal morbidity and healthcare-associated costs, 1998-2011. (msdmanuals.com)
Introduction Placenta accreta is an increasingly prevalent cause of maternal morbidity/mortality. (bmj.com)

Anatomy1

Diseases6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes4

Hysterectomy15

Percreta6

Uterus29

Praevia7

Increta2

Hemorrhage7

Women with placenta accreta6

Ultrasound14

Attaches4

Higher risk of developi1

Pregnancies6

Complications5

Adherent3

Position of the placenta1

Myometrium1

Implantation5

Incidence1

Vaginal9

Previa increases2

Pregnancy complication3

Ultrasonography1

20221

Vasa previa1

Fetus3

Cervix2

Fetal outcome1

Diagnosis2

Increases4

Uterine surgery1

Obstetricians and Gynecologists1

Invasion3

Fibroid1

Risk11

Detach1

Spectrum Cases1

Marginal2

Third-trimester2

Occur2

Umbilical cord1

Decidua3

Laparotomy1

Gestational1

Morbidity2