Cascade researchers volcanoes magma and volcanic eruptions. Medical search. Frequent questions

On March 27, 1980, a series of volcanic explosions and pyroclastic flows began at Mount St. Helens in Skamania County, Washington, United States. (wikipedia.org)
Vulcania was the vision of Katia and Maurice Krafft, two French vulcanists who perished from a pyroclastic flow (an eruption of volcanic rocks and searing gases) at Mount Unzen, in 1991, on the Japanese island of Kyushu, along with their American colleague Harry Glicken and 41 others. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Vitrified Volcanic Ash (pyroclastic igneous rock). (geologyin.com)
Those parts of the surrounding states of Montana, Idaho, and Wyoming that are closest to Yellowstone would be affected by pyroclastic flows, while other places in the United States would be impacted by falling ash (the amount of ash would decrease with distance from the eruption site). (geoscience.blog)

The exhibit Volcano Devils memorializes their life mission: to witness and understand volcanic eruptions to educate and help reduce, if not prevent volcanic disasters. (marieclaudearnott.com)
I have since been very interested in the challenge of quantifying the viscosity variation of magma and lava as it crystallizes, a key factor to understand volcanic eruptions. (uca.fr)

14, 2023 - The 2022 eruption of a submarine volcano in Tonga was more powerful than the largest U.S. nuclear explosion, according to a new study. (koonmotors.com)
Dec. 20, 2022 - The main gases released by volcanoes are water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. (koonmotors.com)
Dec. 12, 2022 - The powerful volcanic eruption in January 2022 created ripple effects throughout the world's atmosphere and oceans. (koonmotors.com)
Nov. 21, 2022 - Volcanic eruptions are dangerous and difficult to predict. (koonmotors.com)
Cameron, C.E., Crass, S.W., and AVO Staff, eds, 2022, Geologic database of information on volcanoes in Alaska (GeoDIVA): Alaska Division of Geologic and Geophysical Surveys Digital Data Series 20, https://doi.org/10.14509/geodiva, https://doi.org/10.14509/30901. (alaska.edu)

At the time of the eruption, the summit of the volcano was owned by the Burlington Northern Railroad, but afterward, the railroad donated the land to the United States Forest Service. (wikipedia.org)
At the time of the eruption, incandescence was observed in the crater area, but the height of the ash column was not observed due to fog. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

Fissure 8 lava fountain and lava channel during 2018 Kīlauea eruption. (hawaii.edu)
The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea Volcano was one of the largest volcanic events in Hawaiʻi in 200 years. (hawaii.edu)
Using USGS Hawaiian Volcanoes Observatory ( HVO ) data from before and during the 2018 eruptions at the summit and flank, the research team reconstructed the geologic events. (hawaii.edu)
Fissure 8 lava fountain in Leilani Estates during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. (hawaii.edu)
Electronic tilt data further show pronounced inflation of the mid-slopes beginning 25 June 2018, possibly due to aseismic magma intrusion deep beneath the edifice. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
Before this eruption, no significant increase in the intensity of seismicity was observed but several volcanic earthquakes were recorded, including an earthquake on the northern slope of Mount Agung on December 28, 2018 of magnitude M2.7 to 2 : 49 and M2.4 to 15:31. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
Between 27 and 29 December 2018 (before the eruption), the MODIS satellites also showed no thermal anomaly on the surface of the Mount Agung crater, which did not indicate any fresh lava material on the surface of the crater. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

The eruption, which had a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 5, was the most significant to occur in the contiguous United States since the much smaller 1915 eruption of Lassen Peak in California. (wikipedia.org)
The Yellowstone supervolcano - an 8 out of 8 on the Volcanic Explosivity Index - has erupted three times over the past 2.1 million years, most recently 640,000 years ago. (geoscience.blog)

Geochemistry offers a way to look back in time based on the rate of known reactions, opening a window to past volcanic events and setting a timer on the process leading up to eruption. (wustl.edu)

The geological park sits on a 93,000-year-old and 40-kilometer-long volcanic range known for its Sleeping Giants-the dormant volcanoes rising in the countryside as grassy pyramidal mountains. (marieclaudearnott.com)
As I watch the fictionalized, yet scientifically based vision of that doomsday eruption, I ponder what dormant really means. (marieclaudearnott.com)
I am, after all, standing in the middle of the dormant volcanic region of Auvergne. (marieclaudearnott.com)
It had been dormant for 123 years, but it's a mere blink of an eye in volcano time. (marieclaudearnott.com)
And so are most of the 1,500 active and dormant volcanoes worldwide. (marieclaudearnott.com)
White, R.A., and McCausland, W.A., 2019, A process-based model of pre-eruption seismicity patterns and its use for eruption forecasting at dormant stratovolcanoes: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 382, p. 267-297, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.03.004. (alaska.edu)
Some glaciers form over dormant volcanoes - when they eventually erupt, hot magma will explode through solid ice, and torrents of meltwater will roar down mountainsides. (howstuffworks.com)

Although it's been more than a year since Mount Augustine had its memorable eruption, work continues for University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers. (sott.net)
University of Alaska Fairbanks researchers have discovered that volcanoes have a unique way of dealing with pressure -- through crystals. (geologyin.com)

Early in his tenure, he began taking students into the Cascades, where little volcanology research had been conducted. (uoregon.edu)
Research published today in the Journal of Social Volcanology challenges the conventional view of the dangers of volcanic activity. (volcanocafe.org)
In particular, I have been working on andesitic effusive historical eruptions in Mexico, where I started to focus on the relationship between volcanic environment and population and linking volcanology and archaeology. (uca.fr)

The youngest volcanoes, Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise, formed in the last 5 million years. (oregonstate.edu)
Piton de la Fournaise is one of the most active volcanoes on Earth. (oregonstate.edu)
More specifically, I operate a near-real time response protocol to anticipate lava flow trajectory when eruption occurs at Piton de la Fournaise (La Réunion, France). (uca.fr)

Here, they also learn that geologists delve into the physical records of volcanoes to trace prehistoric eruptions dozens of millennia back, that the work of geophysicists and geochemists deals with the underground layers, and that meteorologists keep track of dust and gases in the atmosphere around the globe. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Yellowstone's plume of ash, lava, and volcanic gases would reach a height of fifteen miles or more , and from this lofty position, be blown across North America. (geoscience.blog)
The eruption is due to an « overpressure » due to the accumulation of volcanic gases. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

The work of Alaska Volcano Observatory employees from UAF's Geophysical Institute will be appearing in the upcoming issue of the journal Science . (sott.net)

A series of phreatic blasts occurred from the summit and escalated until a major explosive eruption took place on May 18, 1980, at 8:32 am. (wikipedia.org)
The Cascade Range display informs on the 1980 devastating eruption of Mount St. Helens. (marieclaudearnott.com)
The Washington State volcano is infamous for an eruption in 1980 that killed 57 people and levelled hundreds of square miles with landslides and magma flow. (inverse.com)

A volcano above a hot spot does not erupt forever. (oregonstate.edu)
We can't predict when a volcano might erupt with geochemistry because we have to wait until after the eruption to see that geochemistry," Krawczynski said. (wustl.edu)

The researchers did not determine whether life existed when plate tectonics began-"neither life nor tectonics have an accurate start date yet," Chowdhury says, noting that the geology community is divided on these points. (scitechdaily.com)
According to a new study published in the Journal of Geology, a network of microscopic crystals can lessen the internal pressure of rising magma and reduce the explosiveness of eruptions. (geologyin.com)
By the end of the long nineteenth century, the scientific field of geology had become well established, and contemporary understanding of the behaviour of volcanoes and the nature of their products had moved away from the idea of combustion playing any role in the formation of volcanic rocks. (bbk.ac.uk)

McBirney's research, including groundbreaking discoveries in the layers of minerals and igneous rocks in the Skaergaard intrusion in Greenland, served to write the book on the composition of lava and volcanic rocks. (uoregon.edu)
His textbook "Igneous Petrology," now in a third edition, is still widely used and considered to be an important resource on igneous rocks, which form from cooling and solidification of magma or lava. (uoregon.edu)

The magma and lava create the edges of new oceanic plates and supply heat and chemicals to some of the Earth's most unusual and rare ecosystems. (oregonstate.edu)
Hot spots leave linear "tracks" of seamounts across the ocean basins and build some of Earth's largest volcanoes. (oregonstate.edu)
If the magma becomes more than 20 percent crystals, they can act like guard rails that funnel gas to possible cracks within the volcano or to the opening at the Earth's surface. (geologyin.com)
Understanding how this matter moves and changes is essential to deciphering Earth's formation and evolution as well as the processes that create seismic activity, such as earthquakes and volcanoes. (carnegiescience.edu)

In the case of divergent plate boundaries, where plates are spreading away from each other, the rate of plate movement plays an important role in determining the type of volcano that forms and the rate of eruptive activity. (oregonstate.edu)
The Reventador volcano recorded an incandescence in its crater and remains with a « high » eruptive activity. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
The area where the Reventador volcano is located has remained covered over the past few hours, although the Institute of Geophysics has observed an incandescence of the crater of the volcano, which maintains a « high » eruptive activity. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

The eruption was preceded by a two-month series of earthquakes and steam-venting episodes caused by an injection of magma at shallow depth below the volcano that created a large bulge and a fracture system on the mountain's north slope. (wikipedia.org)
Several small earthquakes, beginning on March 15, indicated that magma might have begun moving below the volcano. (wikipedia.org)
Obviously, Mount St. Helens must source it magma from somewhere , but this new evidence suggests that that somewhere is not below the volcano itself. (inverse.com)

That causes a buildup in pressure that can lead to the very explosive eruptions that shoot ash plumes. (geologyin.com)
If you follow the rule of thumb, then the volcanoes with low-silica magma shouldn't produce hazardous, explosive eruptions," she said. (geologyin.com)
The answer is- NO, a large explosive eruption at Yellowstone will not lead to the end of the human race . (geoscience.blog)
Timing of early Holocene explosive eruptions in Iceland - improved tephrochronology. (hi.is)

We wanted to know what was swinging the pendulum, because it's important to understanding the hazards of eruptions. (geologyin.com)

This eruption was triggered by a relatively small and rapid change at the volcano after a decade-long build-up of pressure in the upper parts of the volcano, according to a recent study published in Nature Communications by Earth science researchers from the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa and U.S. Geological Survey ( USGS ). (hawaii.edu)

The largest of these features is Sierra Grande, an extinct volcano rising 670 m (2,200 ft) above the surrounding plain to the southeast of Capulin Volcano. (nps.gov)

By applying their simulations to conditions in the Chesapeake Bay in 2002 and 2003, the researchers compared a year with less than average freshwater discharge to a year with more than average freshwater discharge from the tributaries, respectively. (geobites.org)
At an altitude of 3,560 meters, this volcano began its current eruptive process in 2002 and is characterized by the generation of explosions, gas and ash emissions, lava flows and lahars. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
In November 2002, an eruption of the Reventador caused the formation of a vast cloud of ashes which, under the effect of the wind, went to Quito and covered several parts of the capital. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

As plate tectonics emerged as a theory in the 1960s, scientists began unraveling mysterious geological processes tied to mountain building, volcanic eruptions and earthquakes. (uoregon.edu)
Oregon is on the Ring of Fire, a horseshoe-shaped belt outlining most of the Pacific Ocean basin and home to earthquakes and volcanoes. (uoregon.edu)
Mayon Volcano's seismic monitoring network recorded nine (9) volcanic earthquakes and two (2) rockfall events during the 24-hour observation period. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)
These earthquakes indicate the movement of magma towards the surface. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

At 12:36 pm on March 27, phreatic eruptions (explosions of steam caused by magma suddenly heating groundwater) ejected and smashed rock from within the old summit crater, excavating a new crater 250 feet (75 m) wide, and sending an ash column about 7,000 feet (2.1 km) into the air. (wikipedia.org)
Lindoo then compared lab samples to those taken from volcanic explosions and found patterns of crystal networks channeling gas where crystal formation was high. (geologyin.com)

While it has long been known that volcanic eruptions can produce vigorous lightning, there are few direct observations of the phenomena, states the article. (sott.net)
Specific styles of volcanic activity likewise attract fiery names: from the 'fire fountains' that light up the most vigorous eruptions of Kilauea, on Hawaii, to the nuées ardentes that laid waste to the town of St Pierre in Martinique in 1902. (bbk.ac.uk)

The researchers conducted a high-resolution survey by deploying 900 seismographs within 10 miles of the volcano summit. (inverse.com)
This SIR-C image shows the summit of the volcano and the scarps of the giant landslides. (oregonstate.edu)

Our study demonstrates that eruption forecasting can be inherently challenging in scenarios where volcanoes prime slowly and trigger due to a small event, as the processes that build to eruption may be hard to detect and are easy to overlook on the scale of the entire volcano," said Patrick. (hawaii.edu)
The sample is contained by a series of nested cylinders and subjected to high pressures (up to 4 GPa) and temperatures as high as 1500°C, allowing researchers to study temperatures relevant to the magmatic processes at volcanoes. (wustl.edu)

Sulfur dioxide emitted during volcanic eruptions, and introduced into the stratosphere, converts to sulfate aerosol, which can produce short-lived global cooling 6 . (nature.com)
One of the exciting new datasets provided by the WDC06A ice core is the sulfur-based record of volcanism, supplemented by electrical conductivity and particle counter measurements, which, when integrated with a Greenland ice record, provide insight into volcanic forcing of climate fluctuations 7 . (nature.com)
In a related paper, Sigl and others 8 integrated the excellent sulfur record provided by the WDC06A ice core with those from other Antarctic ice cores to more accurately estimate volcanic sulfate loading during the Common Era. (nature.com)

It is also a cautionary tale against over-reliance on recent activity as a guide for future eruptions. (hawaii.edu)
Zircon crystals and magmas unveil fresh insights into the ancient plate tectonic activity that occurred on Earth billions of years ago. (scitechdaily.com)
Hills, peaks, and other features both younger and older than Capulin Volcano formed as a result of regional volcanic activity. (nps.gov)
The article, which came out on Feb. 23, documents electrical activity that occurred during the January 2006 eruption of Mount Augustine. (sott.net)
New research from the Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences uses a previously unstudied mineral to measure rates of volcanic activity. (wustl.edu)
New research from Michael Krawczynski , assistant professor of earth and planetary sciences, with lead author Kelsey Prissel, a graduate student in Krawczynski's experimental geochemistry lab , addresses a major gap in geochemical diffusion data used to study volcanic activity. (wustl.edu)
The geochemical data developed in this study as a collaboration between Washington University in St. Louis and Case Western Reserve University can be used to complement geophysical insights into volcanic activity. (wustl.edu)
The authors point out that the surveys included a period of high volcanic activity during 2021. (volcanocafe.org)
This may have caused a positive bias: a similar survey during an extended lull in volcanic activity could have found different results. (volcanocafe.org)
This article explores written and visual representations of volcanoes and volcanic activity during the period, with the particular perspective of writers from the non-volcanic regions of northern Europe. (bbk.ac.uk)
Time-integrated geochemical and isotopic studies of stratigraphic volcanic series on the Kerguelen Archipelago: modeling of the plume activity, characterization of the enriched component (EM-I) and implications for deep mantle anomalous velocity zones. (ubc.ca)

Initially, no direct sign of eruption was seen, but small earthquake-induced avalanches of snow and ice were reported from aerial observations. (wikipedia.org)

Researchers then use information about the magmas to reconstruct the physical and chemical environment-and to infer plate tectonic styles-of the early Earth, during the time when the zircons formed. (scitechdaily.com)
Through the years, I also have been working on improving our ability to reconstruct the history of past eruptions (i.e. dynamics, ascent rate, flow emplacement etc…) from field observations and rock analyses as well as using numerical modelling. (uca.fr)

Volcanic eruptions are some of the briefest phenomena studied by geoscientists. (wustl.edu)
I explore how the language of 'fire' was used in both first-hand and fictionalized accounts of peoples' interactions with volcanoes and experiences of volcanic phenomena, and see how the routine or implicit linkage of 'fire' with 'combustion' as an explanation for the deep forces at play within and beneath volcanoes slowly changed as the formal scientific study of volcanoes developed. (bbk.ac.uk)

At the same time, snow, ice, and several entire glaciers on the volcano melted, forming a series of large lahars (volcanic mudslides) that reached as far as the Columbia River, nearly 50 miles (80 km) to the southwest. (wikipedia.org)

If an estimate of 4,000 volcanoes per million square kilometers on the floor of the Pacific Ocean is extrapolated for all the oceans than there are more than a million submarine (underwater) volcanoes. (oregonstate.edu)
Technology and hard work by a group of tenacious explorers/geologists have allowed us our first detailed glimpses of submarine volcanoes. (oregonstate.edu)
Like continental volcanoes, submarine volcanoes are most common where tectonic plates move towards or away from each other. (oregonstate.edu)
Submarine volcanoes at convergent plate boundaries (subduction zones) are much like their subaerial ("under air" or continental) counterparts except that the weight of the overlying water modifies their eruption style. (oregonstate.edu)

2020_2021 Editor in charge of the special issue collection of Reports from each of the official volcano monitoring agencies in Latin America. (uca.fr)

Scientists are seeing new signs that magma is moving deep within the Three Sisters volcanic complex in Oregon's Cascade Range, but there are no signs of imminent eruption. (arcpublishing.com)
While scientists know that these magmas tend to form fewer crystals, she said not much research has focused on the crystal's role in eruptions. (geologyin.com)
The mixing of chemical elements can tell scientists how much time passed between precursor event and eruption. (wustl.edu)
The scientists started with studying the health of people with a variety of interests in volcanoes. (volcanocafe.org)

The authorities should warn people about a possible danger and take proper security measures," said Alexei Ozerov, a senior seismology researcher, adding that the lava flow would grow more powerful. (sott.net)
Physical methods for monitoring volcanoes typically entail looking at the current state of the volcano - for example, what's happening now in seismology or surface deformation? (wustl.edu)
Statistics of abstracts within the seismology division and EGU and introduce the outstanding researchers, awarded the Beno Gutenberg medal and the Early Career Scientist award. (copernicus.org)

In this case, the diffusion rates Krawczynski and Prissel determined for the mineral ilmenite can be used to estimate the time between magmatic perturbation and volcanic eruption on a timescale of hours to months. (wustl.edu)
Researchers estimate that the density of the air would be 20% lower than what's found at high altitudes. (geoscience.blog)

The research, published Tuesday in Nature Communications , suggests that the magma that feeds Mount St. Helens' fire is likely sourced to the east, near Mount Adams, then piped to the mouth through a "deep magmatic plumbing system. (inverse.com)
By combining new experimental data with geochemical studies of natural volcanic rock samples, Prissel and collaborators at WashU and Case Western have estimated the timing of magmatic events that trigger eruption. (wustl.edu)

This image of the violent 1822 eruption of Vesuvius was considered to capture the pine tree shape of the volcanic plume described in Pliny the Younger's letters of the AD 79 eruption. (bbk.ac.uk)

It's about 30 miles west of the main axis of the Cascade Volcanic Arc, a series of volcanoes running from British Columbia to California and related to the subduction of the Explorer, Juan de Fuca, and Gorda tectonic plates under the North American plate. (inverse.com)
Graduate student Kelsey Prissel poses during field work at Mount Shasta, an active Cascade Range volcano in northern California. (wustl.edu)

The eruption of Capulin Volcano occurred about 55,000 years ago (Pleistocene Epoch) toward the end of the most recent phase of volcanism in the RatonClayton volcanic field. (nps.gov)

More recently, my researcher interest has been to develop operational models and techniques to respond to lava flow inundation during eruption. (uca.fr)

The terraces formed when a magma chamber heated groundwater and sent it spurting out of the ground, carrying dissolved minerals that rapidly crystallized when the water contacted the much cooler air. (whoi.edu)

Vulcania is in Saint-Ourse-Les Roches, a 20-minute drive from Clermont-Ferrand, the capital of Auvergne in central France, and with an odd black cathedral built with volcanic rock. (marieclaudearnott.com)

Based on their simulations, Moriarty and colleagues predict a cascade from less sediment resuspension would start with the light-limited algae living in the upper bay growing more, moving the peak in algae abundance north and injecting more oxygen into the water in the upper bay. (geobites.org)

The data suggest that a backup in the magma plumbing system at the long-lived Puʻu ʻŌʻō eruption site caused widespread pressurization in the volcano, driving magma into the lower flank," said Matthew Patrick, research geologist at the USGS HVO and lead author of the study. (hawaii.edu)
The USGS Volcano Observatories: can we save VDAP? (volcanocafe.org)

The creation of mountains, oceans, and volcanic eruptions all demonstrate the continuous fluctuation of our planet's surface. (scitechdaily.com)
Beneath the oceans a global system of mid-ocean ridges produces an estimated 75% of the annual output of magma. (oregonstate.edu)

When the volcano erupts, the reaction stops and the hourglass is frozen in time. (wustl.edu)
Where is the safest place to be when a volcano erupts? (geoscience.blog)

At the White Terraces, scalding, silica-laden water burbled from a crater about 100 feet above the lake and cascaded down about 50 wide scalloped steps. (whoi.edu)
With a 35-meter-deep crater, a caldera, and a lava tunnel, most of the Vulcania site hides under the volcanic subsoil, in the lava of a volcano that erupted 30,000 years ago. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Verbeek mentions that Danan had several summits, which may have formed part of an annular enclosure of a crater, and that Perboewatan was not a single mountain but a hilly piece of land (although that was after the eruption had begun and Perboewatan had been disrupted). (volcanocafe.org)

They might ask why the magma is red whereas the interior of the planets is primarily green, and differentiate magma (the underground molten rock) from lava (the ejected molten rock). (marieclaudearnott.com)

We are tumbling at a vertiginous speed into the magma chamber of an active volcano. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Chowdhury, Trail, and their colleagues found chemical similarities between early Earth magmas and modern magmas created at tectonically active plate boundaries such as the Cascade and Aleutian Island chains or areas in Japan and the Andes Mountains. (scitechdaily.com)
An active volcano commonly serves as an "anchor" at one end of the chain. (oregonstate.edu)
The survey found that people with volcanic interests were more socially active than those in a non-volcanic control group. (volcanocafe.org)
It was also a period when dramatic eruptions of Vesuvius lit up the night skies of Naples, providing ample opportunities for travellers, natural philosophers, and early geologists to get up close to the glowing lavas of an active volcano. (bbk.ac.uk)
Like a beacon, Vesuvius drew eager travellers, inquisitive natural philosophers, and early geologists to visit and get up close to the glowing lavas of an active volcano. (bbk.ac.uk)
Active stream/river channels and those identified as perennially lahar-prone areas on all sectors of the volcano should also be avoided especially during extreme weather conditions when there is heavy and prolonged rainfall. (lechaudrondevulcain.com)

In the Northern Hemisphere, sub-visible layers of volcanic ash (cryptotephra) are valuable time markers due to their widespread dispersal and unique geochemical fingerprints. (nature.com)

This surprising finding was particularly strong in people involve with volcano tourism and high also for volcano viewers, regardless whether this was remote or face-to-face. (volcanocafe.org)

It is the primary geologic feature at Capulin Volcano National Monument and a fundamental resource and value of the monument (National Park Service 2014c). (nps.gov)

When it comes to predicting weather events, however, particularly the extreme events - such as harsh winds, impact from massive wildfires or ash resulting from volcanic eruptions - those who work in the field face many challenges in creating models specific for Alaska's unique environment. (sott.net)
An investigation has been carried out for researchers to explore the selection of materials and methods in terms of conditions and parameters to meet the current and future needs and challenges for the protection of surfaces of the advanced industries. (preprints.org)

According to Chowdhury, most researchers infer information about early Earth using zircons to create probabilistic models to present different tectonic scenarios. (scitechdaily.com)

It shows the story of the super volcano that erupted in Indonesia some 74,000 years ago. (marieclaudearnott.com)
I show how Vesuvius was used as a 'model' volcano in science and literature and how, later, following devastating eruptions in Indonesia and the Caribbean, volcanoes took on a new dimension as contemporary agents of death and destruction. (bbk.ac.uk)
1 'Fire mountains' are found around the world, from Fogo (the Azores and Cape Verde Islands) to Fuego (Guatemala, Mexico, and the Canary Islands) and Gunung Api (multiple volcanoes in Indonesia). (bbk.ac.uk)

Co-author Jessica Larsen, a volcanologist with the UAF Geophysical Institute, said the findings challenge the prevailing assumption that the amount of silica in magma is the major driver in gas escape. (geologyin.com)
The usual rule of thumb, she said, is that magmas with lots of silica are slow-moving, which can make it hard for gas to escape. (geologyin.com)
Some volcanoes in those regions have magma consistently high in silica, while others have low-silica magma. (geologyin.com)
She applied extreme pressure to the magma to simulate pressures in the Earth, but then reduced pressure to mimic the way low-silica magma rises. (geologyin.com)

Yellowstone National Park, in Wyoming: 10,000 times more powerful than a regular volcano. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Once considered less than 10,000 years old, Capulin Volcano is now known to have formed 55,000 ± 2,000 years ago. (nps.gov)

The eruption evolved, and its impact expanded, as a sequence of cascading events allowed relatively minor changes at Puʻu ʻŌʻō to cause major destruction and historic changes across the volcano. (hawaii.edu)
1% error) WDC06A chronological information, generated by a combination of layer counting and compared with the Hulu Cave record 9 , provides the opportunity to search for silicate ash, or tephra, from major volcanic eruptions that have previously been missed in the Antarctic record. (nature.com)
Major US cities like Denver, Salt Lake City, and Boise would also possibly destroyed upon eruption. (geoscience.blog)

Some researchers claim that it would plunge the planet into a volcanic winter for several years and wipe out part of the human population. (marieclaudearnott.com)
Is there a volcano that could wipe out the US? (geoscience.blog)

The alignment seems to be an in-build direction for Krakatau: when Anak Krakatau first appeared, on January 3, 1929, initially the eruptions came from 6 vents on a line with a length of about 500 meters in the northwest-southeast direction. (volcanocafe.org)

This fell into the idea that volcanoes were tied to the regime of plate tectonics, which at the time was revolutionary thinking. (uoregon.edu)
By melting and mixing rocks, plate tectonics generates magmas with distinct chemical compositions. (scitechdaily.com)
But, more importantly to geologists, plate tectonics melts and mixes rocks to create magmas with specific chemical makeups, depending on the rocks involved and the location where the "destruction" occurred. (scitechdaily.com)

I watch a grassy mount blow up in smoke and I get startled when the cap explodes and the volcano spits rocks and fire… like a furious dragon. (marieclaudearnott.com)
The results of the survey led the team to the conclusion that directly underneath the great volcano is not hot magma but a wedge of mantle made of serpentinite - rocks formed in a low-temperature transformation through the addition of water. (inverse.com)
The rocks that make the volcano and plate become more dense. (oregonstate.edu)
To study the crystals, Lindoo worked with Larsen in the Geophysical Institute's Experimental Petrology Lab, which has a furnace that can superheat volcanic rocks up to 2,400 F and melt them back into molten lava. (geologyin.com)

The nearby Cascade and Coast mountain ranges contain volcanoes, including the Three Sisters, which are visible from the city. (uoregon.edu)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs1

Phenomena and Processes4

Health Care1

Pyroclastic4

Understand volcanic eruptions2

20225

Time of the eruption2

20187

Explosivity Index2

Past volcanic1

Dormant7

University of Alaska2

Volcanology3

Piton de la Fou3

Gases3

Alaska Volcano Obs1

19803

Erupt2

Geology3

Igneous rocks2

Earth's4

Eruptive activity3

Below the volcano3

Explosive4

Hazards1

Parts of the volcano1

Extinct volcano1

20023

Earthquakes4

Explosions2

Vigorous2

Summit2

Processes2

Sulfur3

Activity11

Earthquake1

Reconstruct2

Phenomena2

Lahars1

Submarine4

20211

Scientists4

Seismology3

Estimate2

Magmatic2

Plume1

California2

Volcanism1

Lava flow1

Groundwater1

Auvergne1

Resuspension1

USGS2

Oceans2

Erupts2

Crater3

Molten rock1

Active7

Geochemical1

Involve1

Geologic1

Challenges2

Scenarios1

Indonesia3

Silica4

10,0002

Major3

Wipe2

Vents1

Plate tectonics3

Rocks4

Sisters1