• New refinements aim to optimize articular cartilage tissue engineering. (medscape.com)
  • Calcium pyrophosphate deposition (CPPD) disease is a metabolic arthropathy caused by the deposition of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate in and around joints, especially in articular cartilage and fibrocartilage (see the images below). (medscape.com)
  • Subsequent messenger RNA expression analysis of the relevant genes in this pathway, in articular cartilage of independent patients undergoing joint replacement surgery for osteoarthritis, showed that upregulation of TNFRSF11B is a general phenomenon in the pathophysiological process of osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • 7. miR-100-5p-abundant exosomes derived from infrapatellar fat pad MSCs protect articular cartilage and ameliorate gait abnormalities via inhibition of mTOR in osteoarthritis. (nih.gov)
  • In some cases, uric acid crystals in the joints trigger severe destruction of articular cartilage, leading to pain and disability. (nih.gov)
  • Manifestations of CPPD disease may include intermittent attacks of pseudogout (acute inflammatory arthritis), chronic degenerative arthropathy, and calcification of articular cartilage. (nih.gov)
  • Confocal laser scanning microscope images were used to quantitatively evaluate the thickness, surface degradation, and volume of the articular cartilage of the lateral and medial plateaus of the tibia. (news-medical.net)
  • The confocal laser scanning microscopy results also reported a significant improvement in the thickness, surface degradation, and volume of the articular cartilage of the tibial lateral and medial plateaus after the intra-arterial and intra-muscular injections of ARA 3,000 BETA. (news-medical.net)
  • 500kDa) present in the extracellular matrix of articular, nasal and tracheal cartilage. (biovendor.com)
  • Results have demonstrated an association of increasing serum COMP levels with progressive destruction of articular cartilage monitored radiographically. (biovendor.com)
  • The proposed technique was shown to enable the 3D visualization and analysis of articular cartilage and meniscus microstructures with the same level of detail as conventional 2D histology. (oulu.fi)
  • The developed technique was tested by microstructural analysis of articular cartilage and meniscus samples from osteoarthritic patients and osteoarthritis-free tissue donors. (oulu.fi)
  • The new technique also enabled microstructural analysis of articular cartilage and meniscus in 3D. (oulu.fi)
  • In articular cartilage, the cells were found to be larger and more elongated in osteoarthritic samples compared to healthy samples. (oulu.fi)
  • In addition to articular cartilage and meniscus that were studied in this thesis, the proposed technique could also be useful for the analysis of other soft tissues of joints and their changes in osteoarthritis. (oulu.fi)
  • Chondroitin sulfate helps protect joints by inhibiting the degradative enzymes that destroy articular (joint) cartilage. (thewholisticpet.com)
  • These likely involve a multitude of complex and interrelated processes affecting the entire joint, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and the meniscus (4). (researchsquare.com)
  • The hyaline cartilage occurs in the articular surface of the long bones, the tips of the ribs, and the rings of the trachea. (pediaa.com)
  • Vascular calcification (VC) is the consequence of pathological deposition of calcium phosphate mineral in soft tissues 1 . (nature.com)
  • The three major features of Alkaptonuria are the presence of dark urine, ochronosis, a buildup of dark pigment in connective tissues such as cartilage and skin, and arthritis of the spine and larger joints. (nih.gov)
  • The work in his laboratory is directed towards attempting to grow and differentiate adult mesenchymal stem cells into a variety of cell types that are suitable for repairing and regenerating musculoskeletal tissues, including cartilage. (nih.gov)
  • The tibias were then decalcified and stained for the histological analysis of the bone and cartilage tissues. (news-medical.net)
  • COMP is not only cartilage-derived but was found widely in other tissues, including synovium and tendon. (biovendor.com)
  • COMP, abundant in cartilage, is now known to be also expressed in tumor tissues from breast, prostate, and colon cancer. (biovendor.com)
  • Without inhibiting the growth of new blood vessels in the joints, calcification occurs, and the body becomes unable to heal damaged joint tissues. (thewholisticpet.com)
  • Although less well studied as in other tissues, lncRNAs have been reported to play critical roles in the development of bone and cartilage, and diseases associated with these tissues (10). (researchsquare.com)
  • Recherches Experimentales Sur La Calcification Des Tissues. (nih.gov)
  • As the polymer accumulates within cartilage, a process that takes many years, the normally transparent tissues become slate blue, an effect ordinarily not seen until adulthood. (medscape.com)
  • The slate blue, gray, or black discoloration of sclerae and ear cartilage is indicative of widespread staining of the body tissues, particularly cartilage. (medscape.com)
  • At times this change is not observed on macroscopical examination but microscopically the irregular broadened zone of calcification is readily made out. (google.com.my)
  • 6. Osteoarthritic Subchondral Bone Release Exosomes That Promote Cartilage Degeneration. (nih.gov)
  • On top of that, two patterns of degeneration in the meniscus were observed: one with very small calcifications and another with large to widespread calcifications. (oulu.fi)
  • Glucosamine is a natural building block of cartilage that can help to prevent cartilage degeneration. (thewholisticpet.com)
  • In this breed, IDD has a hereditary background and is associated with intervertebral disc calcification (IDC), an indicator of severe intervertebral disc degeneration. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dachshunds are predisposed to early intervertebral disc degeneration and calcification, and IDC can sometimes be seen macroscopically already at the age of nine months [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Degeneration of cartilage. (librepathology.org)
  • Chondrocalcinosis (CC) defines cartilage calcification, most commonly due to CPPD and detected by imaging or histological examination. (bmj.com)
  • These calcifications are referred to as chondrocalcinosis and very suggestive of a diagnosis of pseudogout when there is also inflammation of the involved joint.The diagnosis of pseudogout is ultimately made when fluid from a joint is extracted and is examined under a special microscope called a polarizing microscope. (clustermed.info)
  • Association between low cortical bone mineral density, soft-tissue calcification, vascular calcification and chondrocalcinosis: a case-control study. (librepathology.org)
  • An abnormality characterized by softening of the laryngeal cartilage typically presenting with stridor. (nih.gov)
  • Several factors govern the calcification process in the vessel wall microenvironment, acting to promote or inhibit calcification in conjunction with local precipitation of calcium and phosphate 8 . (nature.com)
  • The bone sclerosis, cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, calcification of the ligament and meniscus, and osteophyte formation characteristic of osteoarthritis causes severe joint pain leading to functional impairment. (news-medical.net)
  • Changes in the cartilage matrix may play an important role in promoting CPPD deposition. (medscape.com)
  • Overactivity of enzymes that break down triphosphates, such as nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase, has been observed in the cartilage of patients with CPPD disease. (medscape.com)
  • Therefore, inorganic pyrophosphate can bind calcium, leading to CPPD deposition in the cartilage and synovium. (medscape.com)
  • Histologic changes associated with CPPD correspond to calcium deposits and to inflammation due to cartilage fragments. (medscape.com)
  • The composition of the subchondral bone marrow and cartilage endplate (CEP) could affect intervertebral disc health by influencing vertebral perfusion and nutrient diffusion. (springer.com)
  • After 4 weeks of culture, quantitative proton NMR images showed water proton magnetization transfer rate constants (km) were higher in premineralized cartilage compared with uncalcified cartilage, a result suggesting collagen enrichment of the matrix. (nih.gov)
  • Notably after 5 weeks mineral deposits formed in bioreactors principally in the collagen-enriched zones of the cartilage with increased km values. (nih.gov)
  • The calcification of cartilage matrix in chondrocyte culture: studies of the C-propeptide of type II collagen (chondrocalcin). (rupress.org)
  • These observations further demonstrate the close correlation between the C-propeptide of type II collagen and the calcification of cartilage matrix. (rupress.org)
  • While calcification is a normal process of ossification, abnormal calcification can also occur, for example the formation of splints. (okstate.edu)
  • The radiographic picture is completely unspecific, locking images of calcification or ossification. (jortho.org)
  • Ossification - essentially proper bone formation replacing cartilage as the horse grows, not to be confused with calcification. (okstate.edu)
  • Histological analysis revealed cellular changes in B6-Egfr(wa2/wa2) aortic valves underlying elevated pressure gradients and progression to heart failure, including increased cellular proliferation, ectopic cartilage formation, extensive calcification, and inflammatory infiltrate, mimicking changes seen in human calcific aortic stenosis. (nih.gov)
  • Chondrocalcin is important because cartilage calcification of the growth plate is one of the main occurrences in endochondral bone formation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Association of an Extracellular Protein (Chondrocalcin) with the Calcification of Cartilage in Endochondral Bone Formation, Journal of Cell Biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bony section show thin bony trabeculae and cartilage with degenerative changes (surface fibrillation, thinning). (librepathology.org)
  • Radiographic appearance is often sprayed by calcifications, with angiography the tumor is injected intensely, in virtue of its rather rich and dilated capillary circulation. (jortho.org)
  • Clinical signs indicative of IDD were compared with IDC grade (grade 0 = no calcifications, grade 1 = 1 - 2 calcifications, grade 2 = 3 - 4 calcifications and grade 3 = 5 or more calcifications) and with age at the time of the radiographic examination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cartilage in the walls of the trachea and bronchi undergoes a progressive calcification causing them to become increasingly rigid with aging. (lumenlearning.com)
  • Because of calcifications that occur in these sites, however, the radiologic picture is more consistent with osteoarthritis. (medscape.com)
  • But later, it was found that it did not have enough resistance, and significant calcification did not occur. (monib-health.com)
  • Under non-pathological conditions, surges of plasma phosphate or calcium, or local drops in the concentration of circulating calcification inhibitors are buffered by acidic serum proteins, notably fetuin-A, via the formation of colloidal calciprotein particles (CPPs) 19 . (nature.com)
  • This protein is found in the bone and is involved in calcium-binding, which occurs in order to harden (or calcify) the cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The prevalence and incidence of calcium crystal arthropathies are expected to increase as a result of the growing elderly population in the U.S. and increasing numbers of people with osteoarthritis predisposing cartilage to calcification disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Non-rhizomelic types are characterized by asymmetric, dysplastic skeletal changes, punctate calcifications of the epiphyses, variably asymmetric limb lengths or normal limb lengths, nasal hypoplasia, variable upper airway compromise, skin changes, cataracts, and a generally favorable prognosis. (thefetus.net)
  • The building block of the endoskeleton in vertebrates is cartilage - a few living connective tissue cells in a foundation of non-living protein and linked-sugar compounds (lovingly called "snot-and-slime" compounds by connective tissue specialists). (metanexus.net)
  • Reports exist of calcification and stenosis of the aortic annulus leading to coronary artery disease, and the risk of myocardial infarction is higher than normal in older patients with ochronosis. (medscape.com)
  • A study recently published in Circulation found that 720 µg MK-7 plus 25 µg vitamin D taken for 24 months did not influence progression of aortic valve calcification (AVC) in patients with aortic stenosis. (nutraceuticalsworld.com)
  • Widespread intracranial calcifications in the follow-up of a patient with cartilage-hair hypoplasia--anauxetic dysplasia spectrum disorder: a coincidental finding? (nih.gov)
  • Chondrodysplasia punctata is a skeletal abnormality characterized by premature foci of calcification within the cartilage, referred to as stippling. (thefetus.net)
  • In the pathology of VC, the system becomes depleted of factors delaying calcification propensity and the balance between CPP1 formation and absorption is distorted 22 . (nature.com)
  • The center of cartilage formation. (unboundmedicine.com)
  • Benign cartilage lesions can be difficult to differentiate from slow-growing, low-grade chondrosarcomas. (medscape.com)
  • There is only limited evidence of a benefit of supplemental vitamin K in the prevention of vessel calcification and cardiovascular events. (oregonstate.edu)
  • In Dachshunds, most radiographically visible disc calcifications can be seen by two years of age [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The results indicated that intra-arterial injections of ARA 3,000 BETA showed strong protective properties against cartilage degradations. (news-medical.net)
  • The ANKH protein is involved in transport of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), which regulates calcification, bone mineralization, and bone resorption. (medscape.com)
  • 13. Exosomal miR-95-5p regulates chondrogenesis and cartilage degradation via histone deacetylase 2/8. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms and associated risks vary depending on the location (artery vs. valve, tunica media vs. intima) at which calcification occurs, as well as on its nature (nano- vs. micro- vs. macrocalcification) 2 , 3 . (nature.com)
  • Fetal ultrasound and X-rays can visualize these foci of calcifications radiologically during the antenatal, newborn and infancy periods. (thefetus.net)
  • Bones and Cartilage: Developmental and Evolutionary Skeletal Biology", Academic Press, 11 August 2005. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rocky S. Tuan, Ph.D., Chief of the Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch is the principal investigator for this project. (nih.gov)
  • The photograph was taken in the Cartilage Biology and Orthopaedics Branch at the Clinical Research Center on the NIH Campus. (nih.gov)
  • IDD was rare in dogs with no calcifications (grade 0) and common in dogs with severe IDC (grade 3). (biomedcentral.com)
  • The data suggest a mechanism of action independent of the etiology of VC, whereby (OEG 2 ) 2 -IP4 disrupts the nucleation and growth of pathological calcification. (nature.com)
  • Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) have been known to have anti-inflammatory properties and benefits for cartilage health and metabolism. (news-medical.net)
  • As the cartilage starts to calcify, these foci are no longer visible, and the diagnosis may be missed. (thefetus.net)
  • Rhizomelic form is autosomal recessive and characterized by rhizomelic shortening of the long bones (humeri and femora) and punctate calcifications of the cartilaginous portions of skeleton, particularly the proximal humeri and femora. (thefetus.net)
  • Then the cartilages are replaced with bones. (pediaa.com)