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Hepatitis B virusHepatitis BHepatitis B Surface AntigensHepatitis B, ChronicHepatitis B AntibodiesHepatitis B Core AntigensHepatitis B e AntigensHepatitis B VaccinesHepatitis B Virus, DuckHepatitis B AntigensHepatitis CHepatitis ADNA, ViralAntiviral AgentsLamivudineVirus ReplicationCarrier StateCarcinoma, HepatocellularHepatitis, Viral, HumanHepatitisHepatitis VirusesHepatitis C, ChronicHepatitis A virusHepatitis, ChronicHepatitis, Viral, AnimalLiver NeoplasmsDucksHepatitis AntibodiesHepatitis B Virus, WoodchuckHepatitis DHepatitis Delta VirusHepacivirusHepadnaviridae InfectionsRNA, ViralMolecular Sequence DataHepatitis C AntibodiesViral Hepatitis VaccinesInfluenza B virusLiverHepatitis A VaccinesViral Core ProteinsOrganophosphonatesLiver CirrhosisGenotypeAlanine TransaminaseHepadnaviridaeMarmotaHepatitis E virusHepatitis EHepatitis A AntibodiesRNA VirusesBase SequenceVirus AssemblyGenome, ViralSeroepidemiologic StudiesVaccinia virusAdenineCell LineGene Expression Regulation, ViralPolymerase Chain ReactionDrug Resistance, ViralViral LoadGenes, ViralReceptors, VirusVirus ActivationHepatocytesHepatitis A Virus, HumanAmino Acid SequenceTrans-ActivatorsBlood DonorsVirionHepatitis, AutoimmuneMutationInterferon-alphaViral ProteinsVirus CultivationHepatitis AntigensHepatitis, AnimalGene Products, polProtein PrecursorsVirus DiseasesHepatitis delta AntigensReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsRNA-Directed DNA PolymerasePhylogenyVaccinationHepatovirusPrevalenceTransfectionAntigens, ViralNucleocapsidHIV InfectionsHepatitis C AntigensAvihepadnavirusCapsidAntibodies, ViralVirus SheddingDefective VirusesSimian virus 40DNA Viruses
AntigenHBsAgViralVaccineReactivation of hepatitisPrevalenceAntibodyVaccinationAbstractGenotypesHepatocellularFulminantInflammationInfection with hepatitisAntiviralDeoxyribonucleic acidInfantsTransmissionEpidemiologyEndemicPreventionImmuneInfections with hepatitisRisk of hepatitisIncidence of hepatitisFive hepatitisClinicalChronic carriersPrevent hepatitisHBeAg2020GenesAffectsSurface2017ExposureGenotypeChemotherapyHepBTherapeuticPatientsLead to cirrhosis2019Liver cells2016AIDSInfectiousJaundice
Antigen22
  • The precore/core open reading frame is translated into precore polypeptide which is modified in to a soluble protein, the hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), and the nucleocapsid core protein hepatitis B core antigen (HBc Ag) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Approximately 5% of the world's populations are carriers of HBV, defined as being positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • An estimated 1.25 million people in the United States are positive for hepatitis B surface antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The positive rate of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) in the Chinese population is 9.09%, of which more than 80% are hepatitis B virus carriers. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Hepatitis B virus carriers are those who have a positive blood test for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) alone, but have no symptoms and signs of hepatitis, and have normal liver function tests and no changes after more than half a year of observation. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Because the liver function of hepatitis B virus carriers continues to be normal without any clinical symptoms, it is often the first time that hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) is found to be positive during physical examination or blood donation, and there is no abnormality in liver B ultrasound. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Carriers of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) are shown as three big or small yang when undergoing five hepatitis B tests. (medicaltrend.org)
  • The cause of the formation of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers is mainly related to the body's low immune function to hepatitis B virus. (medicaltrend.org)
  • At the same time, because the immune system has not yet developed and completed, it lacks immune clearance, and is in a state of "immune tolerance", which manifests as a long-term hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg). (medicaltrend.org)
  • After being infected with hepatitis B virus, adolescents or adults with insufficiency or low immune function can also become carriers of hepatitis surface antigen (HBsAg). (medicaltrend.org)
  • The core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg) made in Escherichia coli yields particles that closely resemble the viral nucleocapsid. (ncku.edu.tw)
  • Murray, K & Shiau, AL 1999, ' The core antigen of hepatitis B virus as a carrier for immunogenic peptides ', Biological Chemistry , vol. 380, no. 3, pp. 277-283. (ncku.edu.tw)
  • Reactivation of hepatitis B virus in a hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. (najms.com)
  • This study was done to evaluate efficacy of HBV vaccination on hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier rate in children with thalassaemia major receiving multiple blood transfusions. (who.int)
  • These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
  • The surface antigen, HBsAg is a good marker in the estimation of the number of hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers among a population because its presence shows either an acute viral hepatitis B or a chronic carriage state of the HBV [ 1 - 3 ]. (omicsonline.org)
  • 1973 and 1978, Dr Rinchin carried out research on hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its detection, HBsAg being the primary marker of hepatitis B virus infection. (who.int)
  • When limited to institutes at which almost all (≥ 90%) patients were tested for HBV serology, 1.1% (40/3,580) patients with RA and 0.3% (3/1,128) patients with SLE were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and 25.2% (177/703) patients with RA and 13.7% (34/248) patients with SLE were positive for hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb). (go.jp)
  • Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), derived from the viral envelope, is the first antigen to appear following infection and can be detected serologically as an aid in the laboratory diagnosis of acute HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • Hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) is detectable shortly after the appearance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). (cdc.gov)
  • The precursor of hepatitis e antigen (HBeAg), is translated from the precore/core region and is post-translationally modified to yield HBeAg, which is secreted in the serum. (bvsalud.org)
  • For example, a hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) level of less than 1 s/c is considered negative, while a level more than 5 s/c is considered positive. (medscape.com)
HBsAg9
  • Around 300 million people are inactive carriers The inactive HBsAg carrier state is diagnosed by absence of HBeAg and presence of anti-HBe, undetectable or low levels of HBV DNA in PCR-based assays, repeatedly normal ALT levels, and minimal or no necroinflammation, slight fibrosis, or even normal histology on biopsy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prognosis of the inactive HBsAg carrier state is usually benign. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rarely, patients, even noncirrhotics, may develop liver cancer during the inactive HBsAg carrier state. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In addition, approximately 20 to 30% of persons in the inactive HBsAg carrier state may undergo spontaneous reactivation of hepatitis B during follow-up. (biomedcentral.com)
  • HBV reactivation occurs in HBsAg(+) carriers who have undergone immunosuppressive therapy such as Rituximab treatment, chemotherapy or corticosteroids for malignancy or other diseases that require immunosuppression. (najms.com)
  • Effects of shortterm, high-dose prednisone treatment of patients with HBsAg-positive chronic active hepatitis. (najms.com)
  • A portion of the hepatitis B virus gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast, and the vaccine for hepatitis B is produced from cultures of this recombinant yeast strain according to methods developed in the Merck Research Laboratories. (theodora.com)
  • About one-third of rheumatologists did not check HBsAg and more than half did not check hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) or HBcAb at all before therapy. (go.jp)
  • Ellagic acid, a phenolic molecule identified in P. urinaria , was reported to exhibit antihepatitis B virus activity through down-regulating hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene expression and decreasing the secretion of HBsAg and HBeAg in HepG 2 2.2.15 cell line [ 6 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
Viral29
  • The natural history of hepatitis B is complex and is influenced by many factors, including age at infection, viral factors (HBV genotype, viral mutations, level of HBV replication), host factors (gender, age, and immune status), and exogenous factors such as concurrent infection with other hepatotropic viruses or alcohol. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A virus with this "viral envelope" uses it-along with specific receptors-to enter a new host cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • We describe the first report of RNA sequencing of 5' capped (Pol II) RNAs isolated from acutely hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected Huh 7.5 cells that provides a general approach to identifying differentially expressed annotated and unannotated genes that participate in viral-host interactions. (mdpi.com)
  • Maternal viral load, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, prolonged rupture of membranes, fetal exposure to maternal infected blood consequent to vaginal or perineal lacerations and invasive monitoring of fetus increase the risk of viral transmission. (wjgnet.com)
  • Since 1971, Dr Rinchin has devoted his career to tackling viral hepatitis in Mongolia. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B is a viral liver infection that can lead to acute or chronic conditions. (pasteur.fr)
  • Scientists at the Institut Pasteur working in collaboration with the CNRS have demonstrated that a cellular protein is capable of acting as a restriction factor for the hepatitis B virus by degrading the viral DNA. (pasteur.fr)
  • During our research, we demonstrated that a cellular protein capable of degrading DNA could be incorporated into the viral particle and induce degradation of the hepatitis B virus genome," explains Jean-Pierre Vartanian from the Institut Pasteur's Molecular Retrovirology Unit. (pasteur.fr)
  • Its has a good anti-viral activity against hepatitis B virus. (scialert.net)
  • Viral hepatitis C (HCV) is common in Benin. (scirp.org)
  • Although treatment for viral hepatitis C (VHC) has been around for many years and is widely used in developed countries, the high cost of pharmaceuticals (pegylated interferon and ribavirin) and pre-, per-, and post-treatment assessment has long been a brake on its implementation in developing countries, including Benin. (scirp.org)
  • This pattern are different from those of massive and submassive necroses found in ordinary fulminant viral hepatitis. (scielo.br)
  • Morula-like cells" were more frequently found in HDV acute superinfection, as well as in HAV/HBV acute coinfection and acute HCV infection, and less often in other forms of viral hepatitis. (scielo.br)
  • Viral hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver, caused by five distinct hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, and E) whose routes of transmission, risk groups, courses of disease and control are summarized in the Annex. (who.int)
  • Annually, it causes 20 million infections and 70 000 deaths, with recent outbreaks of infection reported in Uganda, Sudan and Chad.2 Viral hepatitis is also an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV.3 It is estimated that chronic hepatitis B virus infection affects 5-20% of people living with HIV. (who.int)
  • The World Health Assembly, through various resolutions,5,6,7 has urged Member States to adopt a comprehensive approach to the prevention and control of viral hepatitis, integrate hepatitis B vaccine into national immunization programmes and immunize health workers against hepatitis B. By the end of 2013, hepatitis B vaccine had been introduced into routine childhood vaccination schedules in 46 countries in the African Region. (who.int)
  • This document highlights the situation of viral hepatitis in the African Region, identifies the issues and challenges and proposes actions for its prevention and control. (who.int)
  • Chronic viral hepatitis may diminish the gains of HIV antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa. (who.int)
  • 4 WHO: Guidance on prevention of viral hepatitis B and C among people who inject drugs. (who.int)
  • 6 Resolution WHA63.18: Viral Hepatitis. (who.int)
  • Control of viral hepatitis infection in Africa: Are we dreaming? (who.int)
  • In addition, clinical differentiation of the types of viral hepatitis (A to E) is not possible and the capacity for serological differentiation is lacking in many settings. (who.int)
  • Viral hepatitis has not received the attention it deserves in the African Region. (who.int)
  • The more typical form of hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with active hepatic inflammation, hepatitis B or C viral infection, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis from any other cause, or dietary aflatoxin B1. (medscape.com)
  • Viral hepatitis is a major public health problem of global importance because of the ongoing transmission of viruses that cause the disease and increased morbidity and mortality associated with the acute and chronic consequences of these infections. (cdc.gov)
  • Global and US goals have been established for elimination of viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030 (HHS Healthy People, 2022 and HHS 2020). (cdc.gov)
  • NHANES viral hepatitis data are used to monitor progress toward goals in Healthy People and the HHS Viral Hepatitis National Strategic Plan , which in turn support US and global viral hepatitis elimination goals (HHS Healthy People, 2022 and NASEC, 2017). (cdc.gov)
  • Viral hepatitis data from NHANES are available beginning with the Second NHANES conducted during 1976-1980 for hepatitis A and hepatitis B, and with the Third NHANES conducted during 1988-1994 for hepatitis C, hepatitis D and hepatitis E. (cdc.gov)
  • ABSTRACT This study estimated the incidence of viral hepatitis in children treated for cancer, to identify variables that could affect this incidence and to assess the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in preventing infection. (who.int)
Vaccine20
  • Carriers of hepatitis B virus can get married, and their spouses can avoid being infected by regular vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine. (medicaltrend.org)
  • To promote vaccination in all settings, health-care providers should implement standing orders to identify adults recommended for hepatitis B vaccination and administer vaccination as part of routine clinical services, not require acknowledgment of an HBV infection risk factor for adults to receive vaccine, and use available reimbursement mechanisms to remove financial barriers to hepatitis B vaccination. (cdc.gov)
  • Influenza virus, for example, changes often, so a new vaccine is needed each year. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although there is a vaccine that offers protection against the virus, current treatments which prevent the virus from replicating are not curative for infected individuals. (pasteur.fr)
  • If a newborn's mother carries the hepatitis B virus in her blood, the baby must get the vaccine within 12 hours after birth . (kidshealth.org)
  • If a newborn's mother doesn't have the virus in her blood, the baby can get the HepB vaccine within 24 hours after birth . (kidshealth.org)
  • Doctors delay giving the vaccine to babies who weigh less than 4 pounds, 7 ounces (2,000 grams) at birth whose mothers do not have the virus in their blood. (kidshealth.org)
  • 12 Currently, STD control programmes in India do not generally include administration of hepatitis B vaccine to STD patients. (bmj.com)
  • The interview in which I participated on July 17, 1998 as part of your upcoming segment on the hepatitis B vaccine has left me with several concerns. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • I feel it is exceedingly important to consider these factors when making a final judgement about the risks and benefits of the hepatitis B vaccine and I am concerned that there was little opportunity to clearly make these points during our interview. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine represents our only licensed and available anti-cancer vaccine. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine is extremely safe. (immunizationinfo.org)
  • Coverage with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine was 72% at the end of 2012. (who.int)
  • For more information, see the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) Hepatitis B vaccine information statement . (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine is typically given in a series of two or three injections into a muscle. (msdmanuals.com)
  • However, if people who have been vaccinated are exposed to the virus, a doctor measures their antibody levels against hepatitis B. If the antibody levels are low, they may need another injection of hepatitis B vaccine. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccine is also available. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The hepatitis B vaccine is recommended for all people up to age 59 who were not previously vaccinated. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Background: Health-care students (HCSs) are at risk of occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection despite an effective hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) being available. (bvsalud.org)
  • An unimpressive 75.8% of the sample received the three doses of the hepatitis B vaccine, and a meager 27.0% was tested for hepatitis B surface antibodies (anti-HBs). (bvsalud.org)
Reactivation of hepatitis2
Prevalence7
  • Prevalence and awareness of hepatitis B virus carrier status in Italy. (bmj.com)
  • Background: In Togo, no overall prevalence of hepatitis B has been previously estimated and yet it is a country located in an area of high transmission of this virus. (omicsonline.org)
  • In this study, we aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV infection and fulminant HBV hepatitis in patients with rheumatic diseases. (go.jp)
  • To estimate the prevalence and incidence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among patients attending three STD clinics in Pune, India, and to identify associated risk factors. (bmj.com)
  • Hepatitis B is highly endemic in West Africa with a prevalence of 8%, the highest in the world. (who.int)
  • In introduction section, author shew context of hepatitis B infection and prevalence globally. (peerj.com)
  • Because of the high rate of asymptomatic infection with these viruses, information about the prevalence of these diseases is needed to monitor prevention efforts. (cdc.gov)
Antibody2
  • and 4) a NAT for HCV RNA is recommended for perinatally exposed infants and children aged 7-17 months who previously have not been tested, and a hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) test followed by a reflex NAT for HCV RNA (when anti-HCV is reactive) is recommended for perinatally exposed children aged ≥18 months who previously have not been tested. (cdc.gov)
  • For hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), a level less than 5 mIU is considered negative, while a level more than 12 mIU is considered protective. (medscape.com)
Vaccination10
  • Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective measure to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its consequences, including cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer, liver failure, and death. (cdc.gov)
  • This report, the second of a two-part statement from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), provides updated recommendations to increase hepatitis B vaccination of adults at risk for HBV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • In settings in which a high proportion of adults have risks for HBV infection (e.g., sexually transmitted disease/human immunodeficiency virus testing and treatment facilities, drug-abuse treatment and prevention settings, health-care settings targeting services to IDUs, health-care settings targeting services to MSM, and correctional facilities), ACIP recommends universal hepatitis B vaccination for all unvaccinated adults. (cdc.gov)
  • La présente étude a été menée pour évaluer l'efficacité de la vaccination contre le virus de l'hépatite B sur le taux de porteurs de l'antigène de surface de l'hépatite B chez des enfants atteints de thalassémie majeure et recevant de multiples transfusions. (who.int)
  • In the light of this, he advocated the rapid adoption of health practices to reduce the number of infections with hepatitis B virus, namely improvement of sterilization of injection equipment and medical instruments, and an increase in hepatitis B vaccination rates. (who.int)
  • Anonymous Reviewer ( 2018 ) Peer Review #2 of 'Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus in Taiwan 30 years after the commencement of the national vaccination program (v0.2)' . (peerj.com)
  • Although dedicated studies in large cohorts of patients are needed to confirm this observation, we speculate that patients carrying procholestatic hepatobiliary transporter variants may benefit from vaccination against hepatitis A. (elsevier.es)
  • Overview of Immunization Immunization (vaccination) helps the body defend itself against diseases caused by certain bacteria or viruses. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Vaccination against hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains the most effective strategy against HBV infection in humans. (bvsalud.org)
  • RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a estimé l'incidence de l'hépatite virale chez les enfants traités pour un cancer, afin d'identifier les variables qui pourraient influer sur son incidence et d'évaluer le rôle de la vaccination contre le virus de l'hépatite B dans la prévention de l'infection. (who.int)
Abstract1
  • ABSTRACT Screening of blood reduces but does not eliminate the risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in multi-transfused thalassaemia patients. (who.int)
Genotypes3
Hepatocellular6
  • Long-term follow- up (up to 18 years) of these carriers has indicated that the vast majority show sustained biochemical remission and very low risk of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes liver inflammation that can progress over time to advanced fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) ( 1 - 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • About 80% of Indian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have hepatitis virus associated liver disease. (bmj.com)
  • The chronic forms of hepatitis B and C are most often the cause of death by their complications which are cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. (scirp.org)
  • 1. Among hepatitis B virus carriers, infection with genotype C significantly increases the risk of developing hepatocellular cancer compared to those without this genotype. (hkmj.org)
  • 2. Among hepatitis C virus carriers, infection with genotype 1b increases the risk of hepatocellular cancer two-fold compared to controls without this genotype. (hkmj.org)
Fulminant3
  • Fulminant HBV hepatitis was observed in 1 RA patient who was current HBV carrier. (go.jp)
  • Figure 1 shows the presence of "morula-like" cells in hepatic tissue in the fulminant form of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), C (HCV) and Delta (HDV). (scielo.br)
  • Co-infection with hepatitis D virus (HDV) in persons with acute or chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can lead to fulminant hepatitis. (cdc.gov)
Inflammation5
Infection with hepatitis3
  • Chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) affects more than 250 million people worldwide, putting them at high risk of developing serious liver conditions including liver cancer, an extremely severe form of cancer for which scientists have not yet found an effective treatment. (pasteur.fr)
  • All the viruses can cause acute disease but the highest numbers of deaths result from liver cancer and cirrhosis which occur decades after infection with hepatitis B or C. (who.int)
  • NHANES testing for markers of infection with hepatitis viruses is used to determine secular trends in infection rates across most age and racial/ethnic groups and will provide a national picture of the epidemiologic determinants of these infections. (cdc.gov)
Antiviral7
  • and · antiviral therapy during pregnancy for the prevention of perinatal hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission. (cdc.gov)
  • Background: specialized studies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and B-NHL (B-cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma) are limited, as well as prophylactic antiviral therapy for B-NHL patients with HBV infection who are receiving anticancer chemotherapy. (scirp.org)
  • Although several antiviral treatments can effectively inhibit HBV replication, they are not curative and do not fully eliminate the virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • DNase I, considered as a new antiviral restriction factor, is expressed in vitro in a hypoxic (oxygen-depleted) environment and also in patients infected with hepatitis B virus. (pasteur.fr)
  • Currently, there are reliable and affordable diagnostics for hepatitis B. In addition, effective and safe antiviral agents against hepatitis B and hepatitis C exist. (who.int)
  • It is used to assess recovery from infection and candidacy for antiviral therapy and to differentiate between inactive carrier state and chronic active hepatitis in chronic HBV infection. (medscape.com)
  • Proposed cutoffs for consideration for antiviral therapy is 100,000 copies/mL or 20,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis and 10,000 copies/mL or 2,000 IU/mL in HbeAg-negative patients. (medscape.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid1
  • Serum HBV-DNA (hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid) and HDV-RNA (hepatitis D virus ribonucleic acid) were assayed using molecular hybridization technique, as previously described 3,18 . (scielo.br)
Infants3
Transmission7
  • Control measures may effectively control transmission of multidrug-resistant organisms, but negative effects on the health and well-being of carriers have been reported from countries that follow stringent multidrug-resistant organism policies and from countries that have a less aggressive approach ( 13 - 16 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the modes of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the workplace, an assessment of the risk of transmission under various assumptions, principles underlying the control of risk, and specific risk-control recommendations for employers and workers. (cdc.gov)
  • Cesarean delivery and breastfeeding increases the transmission risk in HCV/human immunodeficiency virus coinfected women. (wjgnet.com)
  • Though spouses of HBV carriers were shown to have higher risk of HBV acquisition, 11 limited data are available with regard to the extent of sexual transmission of HBV. (bmj.com)
  • The policy has been updated by the IAFF due to current concern regarding the risk of transmission of HIV, hepatitis C, and other infectious diseases to emergency response personnel. (iaff.org)
  • It is also estimated that 2% of the population in the Region are chronically infected with hepatitis C. Most of the chronic infections are as a result of perinatal transmission of Hepatitis B. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis B. Sexuality.Transmission. (bvsalud.org)
Epidemiology3
  • Epidemiology of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in Europe is changing very rapidly since the main source of contamination was blood transfusion and the use of surrogate markers allowed to diminish dramatically the number of patients contaminated through HCV post transfusion hepatitis. (nih.gov)
  • Epidemiology of hepatitis B in the United States. (najms.com)
  • In addition, NHANES provides the means to better define the epidemiology of other hepatitis viruses. (cdc.gov)
Endemic2
  • His findings demonstrated that hepatitis B was endemic in Mongolia and that it affected mainly children. (who.int)
  • Hepatitis A infection is estimated to be high in all Member States of the Region.1 Although not well documented, hepatitis D is endemic in the Region especially in Central and West Africa. (who.int)
Prevention2
  • American Gastroenterological Association Institute Guideline on the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy. (najms.com)
  • The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that there were 14,229 new cases of reported chronic hepatitis B in the United States in 2021. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Immune5
  • In most carriers of hepatitis B virus, the body's immune system and virus are in a relatively balanced state, that is to say, the immune system cannot recognize and clear the hepatitis B virus, and the liver damage caused by the hepatitis B virus will not damage the liver function. (medicaltrend.org)
  • If you are accidentally infected, because the adult immune system is already sound, most people can completely clear the virus and heal completely, and only 5% will become chronic hepatitis B. (medicaltrend.org)
  • In healthy humans and animals, infections are usually eliminated by the immune system, which can provide lifetime immunity to the host for that virus. (wikipedia.org)
  • The baby also needs another shot - hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) - to provide protection against the virus right away. (kidshealth.org)
  • 1. Author mentioned that hepatitis B virus infection is a major cause of acute hepatitis, this is not precise because most of the acute infections become immune and the major problem is chronic infection, since majority of chronic infections are lifelong. (peerj.com)
Infections with hepatitis1
Risk of hepatitis2
Incidence of hepatitis2
Five hepatitis1
  • These five hepatitis viruses, also called hepatitides, are well-characterized for detection with laboratory assays and are monitored in U.S. public health surveillance systems. (cdc.gov)
Clinical4
  • EASL clinical practice guidelines: management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection. (najms.com)
  • Similar clinical and histologic features of Labrea Hepatitis were found in northern Colombia 5 , western Venezuela 16 and Central African Republic 17 . (scielo.br)
  • It also implies clinical improvement and can help predict long-term clearance of the virus. (medscape.com)
  • Relation of age to the clinical expression of disease and subsequent development of the carrier state. (cdc.gov)
Chronic carriers3
  • It is therefore important to eliminate the virus in chronic carriers so as to prevent the disease from developing into cancer. (pasteur.fr)
  • Roughly 350 million people around the world are chronic carriers of the virus 3-4 . (bvsalud.org)
  • Novel Hepatitis B virus Subgenotype A8 and Quasi-subgenotype D12 in African-Belgian chronic carriers. (cdc.gov)
Prevent hepatitis1
HBeAg1
  • Since HBeAg is produced only during replication of the virus, it can also be used to indirectly determine the state of HBV in the hepatocyte. (medscape.com)
20201
Genes2
  • These genes contain the encoded biological information of the virus and are built from either DNA or RNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • All viruses are also covered with a protein coat to protect the genes. (wikipedia.org)
Affects3
Surface2
  • Des enfants souffrant de thalassémie majeure, âgés de moins de 60 mois, ayant reçu plus de 24 transfusions sanguines et qui étaient négatifs pour l'antigène de surface du virus de l'hépatite B au moment de la première transfusion ont été inclus dans une étude de cohorte réalisée dans un hôpital de Bahawalpur (Pakistan) en 2009 et 2010. (who.int)
  • APOE associated to the LVP allows the initial virus attachment to cell surface receptors such as the heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), syndecan-1 (SDC1), syndecan-1 (SDC2), the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor class B type I (SCARB1) (PubMed:12970454, PubMed:12356718, PubMed:12913001, PubMed:28404852, PubMed:22767607). (proteopedia.org)
20171
  • 2. Author cited literature and said "More than 350 million people worldwide remain chronically infected with HBV", which should be updated by the WHO new published document (Hepatitis Report 2017, WHO). (peerj.com)
Exposure7
  • Hepatitis B is a disease caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through percutaneous (i.e., puncture through the skin) or mucosal (i.e., direct contact with mucous membranes) exposure to infectious blood or body fluids. (cdc.gov)
  • Some viruses of humans and other animals are spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids. (wikipedia.org)
  • This document also includes information on medical management of persons who have sustained an exposure at the workplace to these viruses (e.g., an emergency medical technicians who incur a needle-stick injury while performing professional duties). (cdc.gov)
  • While hepatitis A and E viruses are spread through the oro-faecal route, B and C viruses are transmitted through exposure to blood, sexual intercourse, and from an infected pregnant mother to her unborn child. (who.int)
  • This study investigated the sexual and occupational exposure of dentists to hepatitis B virus. (bvsalud.org)
  • This serious public health problem have led dentists nowadays to be more concerned with their occupational exposure to hepatitis B virus and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). (bvsalud.org)
  • Although occupational exposure is not significant in the general population, hepatitis B virus infection and cross infection in health professionals are significant 7 . (bvsalud.org)
Genotype3
Chemotherapy2
  • Reactivation of Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection by Cancer Chemotherapy. (najms.com)
  • In such cases, if someone is due to have chemotherapy or will experience another situation that may cause immunosuppression, a doctor may provide prophylactic hepatitis B management to prevent reactivation or flare of the virus. (medicalnewstoday.com)
HepB1
  • products or suppliers of commercial services related to hepatitis B (HepB) vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Therapeutic2
  • Understanding the natural history and prognosis of hepatitis B is the basis for disease management and for designing better therapeutic strategies. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These are mainly hepatitis B and C viruses that will therefore be the subject of therapeutic drug management. (scirp.org)
Patients8
  • Inactive carriers forms the largest group in chronic HBV infected patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • These people are not hepatitis B patients. (medicaltrend.org)
  • Giving rituximab in patients with occult or resolved hepatitis B virus infection: are the current guidelines good enough? (najms.com)
  • RÉSUMÉ Le dépistage du sang réduit le risque d'une infection par le virus de l'hépatite B chez les patients multitransfusés atteints de thalassémie, mais ne l'élimine pas. (who.int)
  • We included all patients treated with IFN + ribavirin for hepatitis C at CNHU/HKM. (scirp.org)
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection resolves in most patients uneventfully within weeks from the onset of the disease. (elsevier.es)
  • Les patients ont passé un test de dépistage de l'infection par le virus de l'hépatite B à la pose du diagnostic (tous étaient négatifs) et après l'instauration de la chimiothérapie. (who.int)
  • Le taux élevé de nouvelles infections par le virus de l'hépatite B observé dans cette étude met en évidence la nécessité d'un meilleur dépistage des produits sanguins et d'une meilleure observance des techniques d'asepsie dans la prise en charge de ce groupe de patients. (who.int)
Lead to cirrhosis1
20191
  • Full-genome evolutionary analysis of the novel corona virus (2019-nCoV) rejects the hypothesis of emergence as a result of a recent recombination event. (cdc.gov)
Liver cells2
  • The virus's life cycle involves entering liver cells and producing new virus cells to trigger infections in other liver cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The life cycle of HBV involves entering liver cells, where the virus replicates and then attempts to cause infection in other liver cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
20161
  • Methods used in study of ethics of infection control measures for carriers of antimicrobial-resistant organisms, the Netherlands, January 1, 2008-January 16, 2016. (cdc.gov)
AIDS2
  • Information concerning the protection of workers against acquisition of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) while performing job duties, the virus that causes AIDS, is presented here. (cdc.gov)
  • The issue of infectious (communicable) disease in the fire service continues to take on an urgent meaning with fire fighter's risks of contracting AIDS, hepatitis, pertussis and MRSA. (iaff.org)
Infectious3
  • These features are of ethical relevance because they influence the way we traditionally think about infectious disease control and urge us to pay more attention to the personal experience of the individual carrier. (cdc.gov)
  • A virus is a tiny infectious agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. (wikipedia.org)
  • HBV can be present in hepatocytes in two forms: as replicating virus, leading to production of infectious particles, or as a nonreplicative form after integrating into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
Jaundice3
  • Phyllanthus urinaria Linnea (Euphorbiaceae) is an important traditional herb, which is widely used in subtropical area of Asia for liver protection, hepatitis, nephrolithiasis, dropsy, jaundice, and diabetes [ 1 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
  • In folk medicine P. amarus has reportedly been used to treat jaundice, diabetes, otitis, diarrhoea, swelling, skin ulcer, gastrointestinal disturbances and blocks DNA polymerase in the case of hepatitis B virus during reproduction ( Oluwafemi and Debiri, 2008 ). (scialert.net)
  • Here we present a case of a 36-year-old female patient who developed severe pruritus and jaundice three weeks after initially uncomplicated hepatitis A. A relapse of the infection was excluded. (elsevier.es)