• The specificity of this reaction is ideal for situations where the cysteine is located away from the desired epitope (e.g. in peptides where a terminal cysteine can be added to either end of the peptide). (wikipedia.org)
  • Perform hapten-carrier conjugation with cysteine-containing peptides and other thiolated antigens with this sulfhydryl-reactive mariculture KLH. (fishersci.com)
  • Thermo Scientific™ Imject Maleimide-Activated mcKLH is sulfhydryl-reactive immunogenic mariculture keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) for hapten-carrier conjugation with cysteine-containing peptides and other thiolated antigens. (fishersci.com)
  • Maleimide groups form covalent crosslinks with sulfhydryl (-SH) moieties on cysteine residues of peptides and other thiol-containing haptens. (fishersci.com)
  • Cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibodies (Ab) are conjugated with one or more drug moieties (D) through a linker (L) to form cysteine engineered anti-MUC16 antibody-drug conjugates having Formula I: Ab-(L-D)p I where p is 1 to 4. (justia.com)
  • The cysteine engineered antibodies may be conjugated with chemotherapeutic drugs, toxins, affinity ligands such as biotin, and detection labels such as fluorophores. (justia.com)
  • Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used extensively as a carrier protein in the production of antibodies for research, biotechnology and therapeutic applications. (wikipedia.org)
  • Its large size and numerous epitopes generate a substantial immune response, and abundance of lysine residues for coupling haptens allows a high hapten:carrier protein ratio, increasing the likelihood of generating hapten-specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among them AAT Bioquest's Buccutite™ crosslinking technology offer the most efficient method to conjugate antibodies with macromolecules such as enzyme tags. (stratech.co.uk)
  • The invention also relates to methods of using antibodies and antibody-drug conjugate compounds for in vitro, in situ, and in vivo diagnosis or treatment of mammalian cells, or associated pathological conditions. (justia.com)
  • Thorpe, (1985) "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review," in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological And Clinical Applications, A. Pinchera et al (ed.s), pp. 475-506). (justia.com)
  • Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)
  • KLH can be activated with the crosslinker Sulfo-SMCC, which converts lysine residues to sulfhydryl-reactive maleimide groups. (wikipedia.org)
  • These vaccines contain specific tumor-associated antigens conjugated to KLH to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses which can destroy tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haptens are substances with a low molecular weight such as peptides, small proteins and drug molecules that are generally not immunogenic and require the aid of a carrier protein to stimulate a response from the immune system in the form of antibody production. (wikipedia.org)
  • Select from among several package sizes of activated KLH protein, or choose the complete conjugation kit that includes optimized buffers and trouble-free spin desalting columns. (fishersci.com)
  • The high-quality mariculture KLH is rendered sulfhydryl-reactive by chemical modification with Sulfo-SMCC crosslinker, and the resulting maleimide-activated protein is then stabilized and lyophilized in phosphate buffer. (fishersci.com)
  • Numerous antigen molecules can be conjugated to each KLH molecule to make them highly immunogenic and increase the likelihood of eliciting immunized animals to produce high-titer antisera to the epitopes of interest. (fishersci.com)
  • Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)
  • One of the key molecular events in skin sensitization is protein haptenation, i.e. the chemical modification of self-skin protein(s) thus forming macromolecular immunogens. (cdc.gov)
  • The KLH protein is potently immunogenic, but does not cause an adverse immune response in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aggregates remain immunogenic, but limit the ability to conjugate haptens, and are difficult to manipulate in the laboratory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the principle of protein or peptide haptenation could be used in in vitro assays to predict the sensitization potential of a new chemical entity. (cdc.gov)
  • Both encode large glycosylated proteins consisting of around 3400 amino acids and a molecular weight of around 390,000 Daltons, excluding the glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The basis of hapten- molecular mechanisms of the sensitization pro- protein binding work is the hypothesis that upon cess will result in novel opportunities for the skin absorption, only protein-reactive chemicals development of alternative methods for assessing (or those that can be metabolically or chemically skin sensitization hazard and relative potency of converted to protein-reactive species) are able to chemicals. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two keyhole limpet hemocyanin genes, termed KLH1 and KLH2 which share around 60% identity at the protein level. (wikipedia.org)
  • KLH is the most widely employed carrier protein for this purpose. (wikipedia.org)
  • Screen Quest™ assay kits, a set of HTS-ready tools for high throughput screening of biochemical and cellular targets such as protein kinases, proteases, HDAC, cell apoptosis and cytoxicity, GPCR, ion channels, ADME/metabolism and transporters. (stratech.co.uk)
  • The use of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), i.e. immunoconjugates, for the local delivery of cytotoxic or cytostatic agents, i.e. drugs to kill or inhibit tumor cells in the treatment of cancer (Lambert, J. (2005) Curr. (justia.com)
  • A sulfhydryl-containing hapten can then be reacted with the KLH to complete the immunogen without causing polymerization. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase c causes chronic Na/H antiporter stimulation in cultured proximal tubule cells. (jci.org)
  • Short-term activation of protein kinase C by 5 min exposure to PMA caused an acute increase in Na/H antiporter activity that was not prevented by cycloheximide or actinomycin D and did not persist 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • Long-term activation of protein kinase C by 2 h exposure to PMA caused a dose-dependent increase in Na/H antiporter activity 24 h later. (jci.org)
  • This latter effect was due to protein kinase C activation in that it was inhibited by sphingosine and was not seen with 4 alpha-PMA, an inactive analogue. (jci.org)
  • In conclusion, short-term activation of protein kinase C leads to a transient increase in Na/H antiporter activity that is independent of transcription and translation, whereas long-term activation of protein kinase C causes a persistent increase in antiporter activity that is dependent on transcription and translation and is associated with increased mRNANa/H abundance. (jci.org)
  • The protein oligomerises to form a barrel shaped didecameric complex which is composed of 20 monomers. (wikipedia.org)
  • KLH is an effective carrier protein for several reasons. (wikipedia.org)
  • Haptens can be coupled to KLH using several methods. (wikipedia.org)
  • In affected indivi- chemicals possessing the ability to react with duals, it has a serious impact on their quality of proteins, and hence these methods do not esti- life. (cdc.gov)
  • The rapidly growing interest in therapeutic vaccines (i.e. active immunotherapies) for cancer and the documented efficacy of KLH as a superior carrier protein for cancer vaccines are creating a significant biopharmaceutical market for KLH formulations. (wikipedia.org)
  • iFluor™ superior fluorescent labelling dyes, optimised for labelling proteins and nucleic acids. (stratech.co.uk)
  • Tide Fluor™ superior fluorescent labelling dyes, optimised for labelling nucleotides and peptides. (stratech.co.uk)
  • In this review, we consider some of the theoretical aspects of protein haptenation, how mechanisms of protein haptenation can be investigated experimentally and how we can use such knowledge in the development of novel, alternative approaches for predicting skin sensitization potential in the future. (cdc.gov)
  • There are two keyhole limpet hemocyanin genes, termed KLH1 and KLH2 which share around 60% identity at the protein level. (wikipedia.org)