AntibodiesVaccinesPolysaccharidesPeptideReceptorsInduceEpitopesImmunogenicityImmunizationMonoclonalELISASubunitLipopolysaccharideAdjuvantsEncodePeptides and proteinsCapsularGeneElicitHepatitis B virMoleculesCellsSerumPolyclonalConjugationTuberculosisOuter membrane proteinFragmentsKeyhole limpet hemCapsidSolubleProtectiveVaccine candidateChimericStimulationHighly conservedViral proteinsHeterologousInfectionHemagglutininParticlesStructuralImmune responseConformationCellShigellaMotifsReactionBacterialMoleculeLargeAcuteSurface
Antibodies19
- The most promising approaches are based on antibodies specific for the relatively conserved ectodomain of matrix protein 2 and the intersubunit region of hemagglutinin. (cdc.gov)
- While antibodies to the immunodominant, but highly variable, regions of HA and NA can provide potent virus strain-specific protection, the existence of weaker and more broadly protective immune activities directed to less variable regions of viral proteins has long been known ( 5 ). (cdc.gov)
- VLPs are highly immunogenic and can induce elevated titers of neutralizing antibodies, even without adjuvants, thanks to the maintenance of the native conformation of viral proteins presenting repetitive epitopes to the host immune system cells. (nature.com)
- And if the desired application is for consistent antibody results with easy large scale production, recombinant monoclonal antibodies may be suggested. (prosci-services.com)
- After injection, antigens trigger the production of antigen-specific antibodies, which are responsible for recognising and neutralising foreign substances. (wikipedia.org)
- Immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies usually develop 7-14 days after immunization with the antigen. (medscape.com)
- Since the development of serum sickness is dependent on the host's ability to produce antibodies to the inciting antigen, patients who are incapable of producing antibodies, such as patients with Bruton agammaglobulinemia, will not develop serum sickness. (medscape.com)
- [ 14 ] However, ATG, as well as other immunosuppressive foreign proteins, such as chimeric monoclonal antibodies that consist of murine-derived antigen-binding fragment (Fab) and human-derived crystallizable fragment (Fc) portions of antibodies, have been reported to be sufficiently immunogenic to cause serum sickness. (medscape.com)
- By immunization of animals with recombinant analogues the antibodies to DT and HB-EGF were obtained. (org.ua)
- Current, antibody-based diagnostical methods utilize antibodies against histamine raised by conjugating histamine to a large immunogenic protein carrier, such as bovine serum albumin (BSA) or ovalbumin (OVA) via its primary amine group. (justia.com)
- Consequently, only the imidazole will be exposed to lymphocytes, which commonly results in generation of antibodies that recognize protein-bound histamine with only limited affinity and sensitivity for free histamine. (justia.com)
- sIgA, serum IgA, IgM, and total IgG antibodies significantly increased in the mice immunized with live recombinant L. lactis expressing Omp31 and also serum IgM, and total IgG antibodies significantly increased in mice immunized with killed recombinant L. lactis expressing Omp31. (ac.ir)
- Current pneumococcal vaccines use the pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides as antigens to generate serotype-specific antibodies, which facilitate serotype-specific clearance of pneumococci through opsonophagocytosis ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- Human serum usually contains natural IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies, generated independently of any exposure to foreign antigens or vaccines or elicited in the course of infectious or autoimmune diseases. (biomedcentral.com)
- B-1 cells are found in peritoneal and pleural cavities where they provide first-line defence through antibodies able to bind polysaccharide antigens and repeated motifs that are typically found in microbial cell walls and macromolecules [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In other words, if the antigen-antibody reaction is compared to a "key-and-lock" model, natural antibodies found in human secretions act as "passe-partout" keys to offer a background protection against most pathogens, food antigens and microbes, before the antigen-specific response can develop [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- For this purpose, we synthesized carcinogen-protein conjugates and prepared mono- and polyclonal antibodies to benzo[a]pyrene. (actanaturae.ru)
- Samples are mixed with a cocktail of biotinylated detection antibodies (Step 1) and then incubated with the array membrane which is spotted in duplicate with capture antibodies to specific target proteins (Step 2) . (rndsystems.com)
- Recent advances in drug design have led to the development of several classes of novel therapeutic macromolecules including peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies, immunotoxins, lysozymes, plasmid DNA, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, and short interfering RNA. (usc.edu)
Vaccines22
- Whole genome sequencing provides the ability to predict and derive novel antigens for use as vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conjugate vaccines in which polysaccharide antigens are covalently linked to carrier proteins belong to the most effective and safest vaccines against bacterial pathogens. (biomedcentral.com)
- In vivo enzymatic coupling using the general glycosylation pathway of Campylobacter jejuni in recombinant Escherichia coli has been suggested as a simpler method for producing conjugate vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)
- After induction glycoconjugates generally appeared later than unglycosylated carrier protein, suggesting that glycosylation was the rate-limiting step for synthesis of conjugate vaccines in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
- Although the assembled VLPs do not have S protein spikes, they could be developed as formulations that can improve the immunogenicity of vaccines including S antigens, and further could be used as platforms that can carry S antigens of concern for various mutations. (nature.com)
- Over one hundred vaccines using varied approaches including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated virus, attenuated virus, and virus like particles (VLPs) platforms are in clinical trials. (nature.com)
- These protein subunits can assemble into virus particles without viral RNA genome in mammalian cells to study virus-cell entry 2 and to develop vaccines 3 . (nature.com)
- The first recombinant subunit vaccine was produced in the mid-1980s to protect people from Hepatitis B. Other recombinant subunit vaccines licensed include Engerix-B (hepatitis B), Gardasil 9 (Human Papillomavirus), Flublok(influenza), Shingrix (Herpes zoster) and Nuvaxovid (Coronavirus disease 2019). (wikipedia.org)
- Basic components of recombinant subunit vaccines include recombinant subunits, adjuvants and carriers. (wikipedia.org)
- Additionally, recombinant subunit vaccines are popular candidates for the development of vaccines against infectious diseases (e.g. tuberculosis, dengue) Recombinant subunit vaccines are considered to be safe for injection. (wikipedia.org)
- Subunit vaccines contain fragments of the pathogen, such as protein or polysaccharide, whose combinations are carefully selected to induce a strong and effective immune response. (wikipedia.org)
- Another drawback is that the antigens do not infect cells, so the immune response to the subunit vaccines may only be antibody-mediated, not cell-mediated, and as a result, is weaker than those elicited by other types of vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
- Protein subunit vaccines are generally made through protein production, manipulating the gene expression of an organism so that it expresses large amounts of a recombinant gene. (wikipedia.org)
- The inactivated vaccines consist of purified viral particle without or with only minor contaminants of NSP and thus induce antibody mainly against structural proteins of virus. (ncl.edu.tw)
- Nowadays, growing scientific interest to DT is associated with possibility of its use in medicine as a carrier protein in conjugate vaccines, a component of immunotoxin drugs, and in anticancer therapy. (org.ua)
- Self-adjuvanting vaccines, the conjugates of immunoenhancers and antigens, are anticipated to stimulate antigen-specific immune system responses without extreme inflammation.6C8 Furthermore, they possess well-defined structures and facilitate quality control of vaccine products hence. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
- Furthermore, we described the versatility of plant viruses, with innate immunostimulatory properties, in providing a huge natural resource of carriers that can be used to develop the next generation of sustainable vaccines. (eurekaselect.com)
- These results indicated that recombinants L. lactis induce both humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, and also vaccines based on L. lactis-derived live carriers are promising interventions against Brucella melitensis infections. (ac.ir)
- This comprises of inactivated viruses, messenger RNA (mRNA), DNA vaccines, protein subunits, nonreplicating and replicating vector viral-like particles (VLP), and live attenuated vaccines. (springeropen.com)
- The rapid emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus necessitated the development of vaccines targeting the spike protein in an unprecedented timeframe [ 20 ]. (springeropen.com)
- The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)
- currently who researchers are working on more potent anti-fertility vaccines using recombinant dna. (cognitive-liberty.online)
Polysaccharides3
- Polysaccharides are T-independent antigens, and can not be processed or presented on MHC molecules to interact with T-cells. (allindianpatents.com)
- a: oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, b: carrier protein with signal sequence for secretion to the periplasm, c: undecaprenyl-pyrophosphate-linked polysaccharides. (biomedcentral.com)
- A "subunit" vaccine doesn't contain the whole pathogen, unlike live attenuated or inactivated vaccine, but contains only the antigenic parts such as proteins, polysaccharides or peptides. (wikipedia.org)
Peptide10
- Peptide synthesis: Antigen design and conjugate to an immunogenic carrier protein for immunization. (biologicscorp.com)
- In this review, we discuss the use of pVNPs for the delivery of peptide antigens to the host immune in pre-clinical studies with the final aim of promoting systemic immunity against the corresponding pathogens. (eurekaselect.com)
- A designed omp31 gene fused to the usp45 signal peptide and M6 cell wall anchor was sub cloned in the pNZ7021 expression vector, and a recombinant L. lactis displaying Omp31 was constructed. (ac.ir)
- The obtained benzo[a]pyrene immunomimetic peptide could only simulate chemical carcinogens in the frame of the pIII protein. (actanaturae.ru)
- As a result, we prepared a recombinant protein composed of the benzo[a]pyrene immunomimetic peptide and pIII-encoding sequences. (actanaturae.ru)
- synthesis and peptide conjugation to a carrier protein. (vertebrateantibodies.com)
- Using bioinformatics, VAL will assist with the selection of the peptide antigen, identifying exposed, hydrophilic, flexible and immunogenic sites. (vertebrateantibodies.com)
- Peptide synthesis (at least 80% purity, quality control by HPLC, MS) and conjugation to the desired protein carriers. (vertebrateantibodies.com)
- Evidence shows that conserved peptide 1815 from this protein having high red blood cell binding ability plays an important role in the invasion process. (shengsci.com)
- This peptide is neither immunogenic nor protective. (shengsci.com)
Receptors3
- Antigen cross-linking of immunoglobulin E (IgE) molecules that are bound to specific cell surface receptors and/or binding of complement split products, such as iC3b, to complement receptors (CR3/CR4) may activate mast cells and basophils. (medscape.com)
- they may also play other roles in immune regulation and homeostasis, through their ability to bind host antigens, surface molecules and receptors. (biomedcentral.com)
- Wnts bind to the cell surface Frizzled family receptors in conjunction with low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein family receptors (LRP5 or 6) resulting in the stabilization of intracellular beta -catenin levels (2). (novusbio.com)
Induce3
- Strategies, which have been designed to overcome this lack of immunogenicity in infants, include the linking of the polysaccharide to large immunogenic proteins, which provide bystander T-cell help and which induce immunological memory against the polysaccharide antigen to which it is conjugated. (allindianpatents.com)
- Significantly, the co-administration of Freund's adjuvants with vaccine 1 was suggested to cause splenomegaly, containing increased variety of myeloid cells, which can include immature MDSCs or monocytes, to suppress expansion/differentiation into effector T cells and B cells (Fig. TACAs used in scientific trials are little T cell-independent antigens, they display poor immunogenicity and cannot induce immunoglobulin (Ig) course switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
- All three recombinant fragments together with a commercial native FHA were able to induce in vitro PBMC proliferation and IFN- gamma production. (bvsalud.org)
Epitopes2
- We have developed a recombinant Salmonella typhi Ty21a vaccine candidate (rSTvacIII) displaying a multi-epitopes mycobacterial antigen called the VacIII (containing ubiquitin and 4 immunogenic mycobacterial epitopes of ESAT-6, PhoS1, Hsp 16.3 and MTB 8.4 genes) on the surface of S. typhi Ty21a (Ty21a) using PgsA protein as a carrier. (academicjournals.org)
- Conjugation with Th epitopes can stimulate T cell-dependent immune system responses, such as for example antigen-specific B cell IgG and activation class switching. (lavoixdesrroms.org)
Immunogenicity3
- Along this line, nanoparticle (NP) delivery systems can enhance the immunogenicity of antigens by protecting them from degradation and increasing their uptake by antigen-presenting cells, as well as offering co-delivery with adjuvants. (univ-nantes.fr)
- In the present study, three overlapping recombinant fragments from the immunodominant region of FHA were produced and their immunogenicity was investigated. (bvsalud.org)
- Expression of a foreign epitope on infectious pancreatic necrosis virus VP2 capsid protein subviral particle (SVP) and immunogenicity in rainbow trout. (fsu.ua)
Immunization5
- Proteins that activated immunity are potential antigens for immunization and the multi-omics phylum-spanning prioritization database that was created is a valuable resource for identifying target proteins in a wide array of different parasitic nematodes. (frontiersin.org)
- The classic syndrome is caused by immunization of the host by heterologous serum proteins. (medscape.com)
- Classic serum sickness can be induced by antithymocyte globulin (ATG), a heterologous serum protein generated by immunization of horses or rabbits with human thymic tissue. (medscape.com)
- This means that pVNPs can be engineered to display peptides and proteins on their external surface, including immunodominant peptides derived from pathogens allowing pVNPs to be used for active immunization. (eurekaselect.com)
- In order to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection of infants of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive mothers, a nation-wide immunization programme was initiated in Italy in January 1984. (shengsci.com)
Monoclonal1
- Using ELISA, we demonstrated that the recombinant protein specifically interacts with the anti-benzo[a]pyrene monoclonal antibody (mAB B2). (actanaturae.ru)
ELISA3
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were then established using the purified 3A and 3AB antigens. (ncl.edu.tw)
- The sensitivity and specificity of the indirect ELISA using baculovirus expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 62.4% and 86.8-91.7%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
- The sensitivity and specificity of the double-sandwich blocking ELISA using E. coli expressed 3AB protein as the antigen were 94% and 98-100%, respectively. (ncl.edu.tw)
Subunit7
- Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, in which case it is a recombinant subunit vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- The first certified subunit vaccine by clinical trials on humans is the hepatitis B vaccine, containing the surface antigens of the hepatitis B virus itself from infected patients and adjusted by newly developed technology aiming to enhance the vaccine safety and eliminate possible contamination through individuals plasma. (wikipedia.org)
- A drawback is that the specific antigens used in a subunit vaccine may lack pathogen-associated molecular patterns which are common to a class of pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
- A protein subunit is a polypeptide chain or protein molecule that assembles (or "coassembles") with other protein molecules to form a protein complex. (wikipedia.org)
- A key step in creating a recombinant protein vaccine is the identification and isolation of a protein subunit from the pathogen which is likely to trigger a strong and effective immune response, without including the parts of the virus or bacterium that enable the pathogen to reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
- The goal is for the protein subunit to prime the immune system response by mimicking the appearance but not the action of the pathogen. (wikipedia.org)
- Scientists will also evaluate a prime-boost vaccine regime, incorporating both a vaccine combining a protein antigen / adjuvant subunit vaccine and a self-amplifying RNA vaccine, using AAHI's novel Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) to deliver RNA. (aahi.org)
Lipopolysaccharide1
- There are four different species and 47 antigenically distinct serotypes of Shigella, divided on the basis of differences in O antigen of their lipopolysaccharide which are S. dysenteriae (13 serotypes), S. flexneri (15 serotypes), S. boydii (18 serotypes), and S. sonnei (1 serotype). (biomedcentral.com)
Adjuvants2
- These findings provide six novel immunogenic Shigella proteins that could serve as candidate vaccine antigens, species-specific carrier proteins, or targeted adjuvants. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, inclusion of protein antigens fromStreptococcus pneumoniaecombined with potent adjuvants and a suitable delivery system are expected to both extend protection to serotype strains not represented in the formulation and stimulate a broader immune response, thus more effective in young children, elderly, and immunocompromised populations. (univ-nantes.fr)
Encode3
- Previously, we have designed genetic constructs that encode various recombinant derivatives of DT and proHB-EGF structural parts and domains. (org.ua)
- The UGT1 family constitutes a complex gene locus on human chromosome 2q37 and comprises 13 first exons that encode the unique N-terminal domains of the UGT1A proteins and exons 2 to 5 that encode the C-terminal domain, which is identical in all UGT1A family members ( Owens and Ritter, 1992 ). (aspetjournals.org)
- These noninvasive visualization systems provide real-time follow-up of viral progression within the cancer tissue by the ability of engineered oncolytic viruses (OVs) to encode reporter transgenes based on recombinant technology. (biomedcentral.com)
Peptides and proteins1
- The ActiveHOOK™ BSA rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. (gbiosciences.com)
Capsular2
- pneumoniae serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (CP14) linked to the Pneumococcal surface protein A (PsaA) using chitosan NPs (CNPs). (univ-nantes.fr)
- These components are the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide [polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP)] that is covalently bound to an outer membrane protein complex (OMPC) of Neisseria meningitidis and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from recombinant yeast cultures. (theodora.com)
Gene5
- To prevent infected cell lysis, recombinant replication deficiency virus has been developed as a gene delivery tool to replace wild-type adenovirus (recombinant AdV in "application" part). (genemedi.com)
- A portion of the hepatitis B virus gene, coding for HBsAg, is cloned into yeast, and the vaccine for hepatitis B is produced from cultures of this recombinant yeast strain according to methods developed in the Merck Research Laboratories. (theodora.com)
- The antigen is harvested and purified from fermentation cultures of a recombinant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the gene for the adw subtype of HBsAg. (theodora.com)
- Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Elicit4
- The primary strategy of developing an efficacious Shigella vaccine has been to elicit antibody responses targeting Shigella O-antigen [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- An effective vaccine would elicit the immune response to the antigens and form immunological memory that allows quick recognition of the pathogens and quick response to future infections. (wikipedia.org)
- The use of cationized BSA is known to elicit greater immunogenic response compared to normal BSA (1-3). (gbiosciences.com)
- In this case, the stimulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and subsequent immunogenic cell death (ICD) process in OVs-infected cells elicit a range of anti-tumor immune responses. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatitis B vir1
- A nationwide vaccination programme in Italy against hepatitis B virus infection in infants of hepatitis B surface antigen-carrier mothers. (shengsci.com)
Molecules1
- When the antigen and antibody molecules are present in approximately equal molar ratios (slight antigen excess), known as the zone of equivalence, cross-linking and lattice formation occur forming intermediate and large immune complexes. (medscape.com)
Cells10
- Glycoconjugate synthesis, in particular expression of oligosaccharyltransferase PglB, strongly inhibited growth of E. coli cells after induction, making it necessary to separate biomass growth and recombinant protein expression phases. (biomedcentral.com)
- Other vaccinations include instructions for your cells to produce a germ protein. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
- Once packaged into a E1-complementing cell line, which provides the E1 products in trans, such as QBI 293A Cells, recombinant viral will be easily propagated. (genemedi.com)
- The virus uses the spike protein to target epithelial cells by binding to the ACE2 receptor on the host cells. (springeropen.com)
- HBsAg is produced in recombinant yeast cells. (theodora.com)
- The HBsAg protein is released from the yeast cells by mechanical cell disruption and detergent extraction, and purified by a series of physical and chemical methods, which includes ion and hydrophobic chromatography, and diafiltration. (theodora.com)
- Hybrid cells selection (HAT) and culture supernatant screening vs. target antigen. (vertebrateantibodies.com)
- This stress condition can also lead to the attraction of immune cells, notably antigen presenting cells (APCs) (i.e. immature dendritic cells), natural killer cells (NK cells), and cytotoxic T-cells to the site of infection [ 5 , 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Virus-based immunostimulatory cytokine and chemokine expression can recruit and activate T cells, antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and natural killer (NK) cells, and subsequently, improve the therapeutic activity of OVs. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this seminar, I will discuss our research efforts to develop "intelligent" pH-sensitive, membrane-destabilizing, and degradable polymeric carriers that can effectively deliver therapeutic nucleic acids past the endosomal membrane and into the cytoplasm of cancer cells to successfully suppress the expression of targeted genes. (usc.edu)
Serum7
- These antigens were expressed and probed with acute and convalescent serum from microbiologically confirmed Shigella infections. (biomedcentral.com)
- A cocktail of five recombinant proteins optimized for conserved GI nematode targets was used immunize pigs and test for active antibody responses in both the serum and intestinal ileal fluid of immunized pigs. (frontiersin.org)
- Classic serum sickness is now rarely seen because the use of foreign proteins is limited to antitoxins such as those used to treat botulism, diphtheria, rabies , and snake, scorpion, and spider venom. (medscape.com)
- Large amounts of antigen exposure can lead to widespread deposition of complement-fixing immune complexes and the clinical presentation of serum sickness. (medscape.com)
- Synchrony of serum antibody responses against 5 Mcat proteins, OppA, Hag, OMP CD, PilA2, and Msp22 resulting from nasopharyngeal colonization and AOM was studied for 85 non-otitis prone (NOP) children and 34 sOP children. (bvsalud.org)
- Briggs, M. Virus-like particles in serum of patients with Australia-antigen-associated hepatitis. (eurekaselect.com)
- In 1937, Creech and Franks first synthesized conjugates of carcinogens with high-molecular carriers - blood serum proteins. (actanaturae.ru)
Polyclonal2
- Polyclonal antibody (pAb) is obtained from different B-lymphocytes after reaction with corresponding antigens. (biologicscorp.com)
- Antigen affinity purification: obtain polyclonal antibody with high titer and specificity. (biologicscorp.com)
Conjugation1
- These immunogenic variables include the chemical structure, conjugation method, cross-linking between the small molecule and protein carrier, the orientation of the hapten on the carrier protein, and linkers used. (prosci-services.com)
Tuberculosis1
- AAHI has developed a safe and immunogenic tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate that elicits robust immune responses in adults, in a cost-effective formulation that can withstand extreme temperatures, so that it can efficiently and equitably be made available in low-and-middle income countries most burdened by TB. (aahi.org)
Outer membrane protein2
- Conserved Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat) proteins, oligopeptide permease (Opp)A, hemagglutinin (Hag), outer membrane protein (OMP) CD, Pilin A clade 2 (PilA2), and Moraxella surface protein (Msp) 22 have been studied as vaccine candidates. (bvsalud.org)
- Omp31is the major outer membrane protein of Brucella, and is considered as a protective antigen against Brucella infection. (ac.ir)
Fragments1
- Development of new biotechnological products and diagnostic systems based on recombinant fragments of DT and proHB-EGF were also carried out. (org.ua)
Keyhole limpet hem1
- Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is a widely used carrier protein due to its large molecular mass (4.5x105-1.3x107Da aggregates) and large number of primary amines that can react with cross-linkers for the coupling of peptides. (gbiosciences.com)
Capsid3
- Parts of the protein shell or capsid of a virus are often suitable. (wikipedia.org)
- Hexon and penton structures form the capsid of AdV, and fiber protein mediates the binding of the virion to the cell surface and is a major determinant of viral tropism. (genemedi.com)
- Then the endosome acidifies, resulting in disassociation of capsid proteins and transportation of viral DNA into nucleus. (genemedi.com)
Soluble2
- codon optimization and soluble protein expression available for antigen production. (biologicscorp.com)
- Neutralizing activities of antisera to poxvirus soluble antigens. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Protective1
- The influence of ß-propiolactone on immunogenic and protective activities of influenza virus. (fsu.ua)
Vaccine candidate1
- AAHI's TB vaccine candidate combines a recombinant fusion protein antigen, " ID93, " with AAHI's synthetic immune-stimulating adjuvant formation , "GLA-SE. (aahi.org)
Chimeric1
- In another preferred embodiment, one of the proteins is from the Choline Binding Protein family (CbpX), or CbpX truncates, or CbpX truncate-LytX truncate chimeric proteins. (allindianpatents.com)
Stimulation1
- Nanovaccines can improve antigen presentation, targeted delivery, stimulation of the body's innate immune system, and a strong T-cell response without putting people at risk. (researchgate.net)
Highly conserved2
- Chicken are good substitute for rabbits when using mammalian antigens especially those that are highly conserved. (biologicscorp.com)
- Several of the bacterial complement-binding proteins are important adhesins and contain highly conserved regions for interactions with the host. (bvsalud.org)
Viral proteins1
- Here, we demonstrate that non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 VLPs can be successfully assembled by co-expressing three important viral proteins membrane (M), envelop (E) and nucleocapsid (N) in plants. (nature.com)
Heterologous1
- Moreover, VLPs offer interesting biotechnological advantages as they can serve as scaffolds for presenting heterologous antigens capable of inducing immune responses against other infectious diseases. (nature.com)
Infection1
- This single-chain 535 amino acid long protein causes the symptoms of acute diphtheria infection. (org.ua)
Hemagglutinin1
- Filamentous hemagglutinin [FHA] is one of the most important immunoprotective antigens of Bordetella pertussis [B. pertussis] and a major component of the acellular pertussis vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
Particles1
- Shukla, D.D. Expression of potyvirus coat protein in Escherichia coli and yeast and its assembly into virus-like particles. (eurekaselect.com)
Structural3
- SARS-CoV-2 is composed of four essential structural proteins: the spike (S) glycoprotein, membrane (M) protein, envelope (E) protein, and nucleocapsid (N) protein, as well as multiple accessory and non-structural proteins 1 . (nature.com)
- Non-structural proteins (NSP) are produced during viral replication. (ncl.edu.tw)
- RdRp is involved in viral genome replication and structural protein translation [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
Immune response1
- however, there can be challenges in conjugating the small molecule to a carrier protein and then generating the desired immune response specific to the small molecule and not the carrier protein or linker. (prosci-services.com)
Conformation1
- It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION. (lookformedical.com)
Cell6
- This leads to an almost complete arrest of protein synthesis in the cell and its death. (org.ua)
- On the other hand, DT represents a very interesting molecular machine which allows using this protein in different bioengineering applications, such as ablation of certain cell types in transgenic mice, development of immunotoxins targeted for specific cell markers and also for delivery of certain proteins into the cytosol. (org.ua)
- Our recombinant nontoxic toxin analogues and derivatives were applied in studying of toxin interaction with cell surface, intracellular transport of DT and in determination of proHB-EGF expression level. (org.ua)
- Equipped with a mouse model of stress (5-HT1A-R-/- mice) and a 5-HT1A-R-expressing hippocampal neuron-derived cell line, HN2-5, our earlier studies have reported that a 5-HT1A-R-mediated signaling pathway functions via extracellular receptor-activated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-catalyzed activation of protein kinase C alpha (PKC) to promote synaptogenesis at P15 in the hippocampal CA1 region [12,16]. (thetechnoant.info)
- Recombinant Human Wnt-3a (Catalog # 5036-WN) induces alkaline phosphatase production by the MC3T3-E1 mouse preosteoblast cell line. (novusbio.com)
- Protein concentrations should be titrated based on cell type and if appropriate, passage number of the cell line. (novusbio.com)
Shigella6
- Here, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens that could serve as Shigella vaccine candidates, either alone, or when conjugated to Shigella O-antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
- Using a reverse vaccinology approach, where genomic analysis informed the Shigella immunome via an antigen microarray, we aimed to identify novel immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
- A core genome analysis of Shigella species, pathogenic and non-pathogenic Escherichia coli , led to the selection of 234 predicted immunogenic Shigella antigens. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several Shigella antigens displayed IgG and IgA seroconversion, with no difference in sero-reactivity across by sex or age. (biomedcentral.com)
- IgG sero-reactivity to key Shigella antigens was observed at birth, indicating transplacental antibody transfer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Two different periplasmic carrier proteins, AcrA from C. jejuni and a toxoid form of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin were glycosylated with Shigella O antigens in E. coli . (biomedcentral.com)
Motifs1
- The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response. (gbiosciences.com)
Reaction1
- ActiveHOOK™ carrier proteins have been pre-activated with the heterobifunctional protein cross linker sulfoSMCC and therefore are ready for the addition of cysteine containing peptides or proteins for a simple one step reaction. (gbiosciences.com)
Bacterial1
- Both bacterial species carry lipooligosaccharides preventing complement attacks and attract and utilize host complement regulators C4b binding protein and factor H to inhibit the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Molecule1
- We recommend analyzing the immunogenic variables of the small molecule hapten and application of interest since each application presents antigens in a distinct way. (prosci-services.com)
Large2
- Large assemblies of proteins such as viruses often use a small number of types of protein subunits as building blocks. (wikipedia.org)
- Modified high activity binding peptides (mHABPs) were synthesised for complete full protection antimalarial vaccine development producing a large panel of individually fully protection-inducing protein structures (FPIPS) and very high long-lasting antibody-inducing (VHLLAI) mHABPs. (shengsci.com)
Acute1
- Simultaneously detect the levels of these cytokines, chemokines, and acute phase proteins in a single sample. (rndsystems.com)
Surface2
- The expression of VacIII protein on the surface of Ty21a was verified by western blot. (academicjournals.org)
- There are 90 known serotypes of pneumococci, and the capsule is the principle virulence determinant for pneumococci, as the capsule not only protects the iimer surface of the bacteria from complement, but is itself poorly immunogenic. (allindianpatents.com)