Cargo proteins protein complexes carrier proteins. Medical search. Frequent questions

AP complexes connect cargo proteins and lipids to clathrin at vesicle budding sites, as well as binding accessory proteins that regulate coat assembly and disassembly (such as AP180, epsins and auxilin). (wikipedia.org)
Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. (jove.com)
These vesicles are carriers of active or non-autonomous function biomolecules, such as proteins, lipids, DNA, mRNA and non-coding regulatory RNA. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although these approaches are desirable, stability issues related to the intrinsic hydrophobic nature of membrane proteins and the lability of interactions between protein, detergent, or lipids within micelles and unilamellar liposomes limit the widespread application of these systems. (nature.com)
Regardless of the type or the physiological or pathological state of the originating cell, exosomes share common features as enriched with nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)

Clathrin-associated protein complexes are believed to interact with the cytoplasmic tails of membrane proteins, leading to their selection and concentration. (wikipedia.org)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)
For a variety of organisms, close to 30% of the genome is used to encode membrane proteins," said co-author Neha Kamat, PhD, assistant professor of biomedical engineering at McCormick. (scienceboard.net)
Membrane proteins are a really important part of life. (scienceboard.net)
By learning how to use membrane proteins effectively, we can really advance cell-free systems. (scienceboard.net)
Their unique hourglass-shaped architecture is highly conserved among different bacterial membrane proteins and other biological channels. (ibecbarcelona.eu)
Lipid bilayers and embedded membrane proteins that anchor or span the lipidic leaflets are the fundamental molecular assemblies that constitute cellular membranes in all living organisms. (nature.com)
For the structural and mechanistic characterization of membrane proteins, the scientific community currently relies on detergents to solubilize and purify membrane protein as protein-detergent micelle complexes that then can be investigated through a plethora of biochemical and biophysical approaches. (nature.com)
In addition, to mimic the native lipid bilayer environment and generate a barrier that separates milieus of different solute compositions, membrane proteins can be reconstituted in artificial lipid bilayer vesicles of controlled size, called proteoliposomes, which allow investigating molecular processes like cargo translocation and generation of electrochemical gradients across the bilayer. (nature.com)

CPP) and guanidinium-rich transporters serve as intracellular delivery vehicles for biologically relevant macromolecules such as peptides proteins and nucleic acids. (globaltechbiz.com)
A series of studies have revealed that exosomes-mediated intercellular transfer of proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of HCC, hypoxia and angiogenesis, chemotherapy sensitivity, and cell death mode and regulates the immune microenvironment. (hindawi.com)

These proteins are synthesized in the ribosomes, processed in the endoplasmic reticulum and transported from the Golgi apparatus to the trans-Golgi network, and from there via small carrier vesicles to their final destination compartment. (wikipedia.org)
When ribosomes are seen attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, it means a protein molecule is being synthesized. (biologyonline.com)
Is it exclusively for protein synthesis or does it do other processes more identified with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? (biologyonline.com)
How does the endoplasmic reticulum make proteins? (biologyonline.com)

Clathrin coats contain both clathrin (acts as a scaffold) and adaptor complexes that link clathrin to receptors in coated vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
Adaptor protein (AP) complexes are found in coated vesicles and clathrin-coated pits. (wikipedia.org)
Based on the type of protein coats, these vesicles can be of three types: coat protein or COP-coated vesicles, COPI and COPII, and clathrin-coated vesicles. (jove.com)
COPI and COPII vesicles are composed of similar coat protein complexes called coatomers. (jove.com)
Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50-100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. (jove.com)
The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. (jove.com)
Exosomes are one of the most researched classes of extracellular vesicles because they are carriers of targeted protein and DNA/RNA loads. (spandidos-publications.com)
They found that vesicles are varied in size and are relatively low in concentration compared with ribosomes and other small complexes. (scienceboard.net)
Both exosomes and microvesicles are membrane-bound vesicles that can deliver functional mRNA, miRNA, and proteins to receptor cells. (age-management-group.com)
The differences between the two types of vesicles are based on their biogenesis and biophysical properties, including size and surface protein markers. (age-management-group.com)
Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)

the team and its collaborators have shown that the products of HPS-associated genes in skin melanocytes regulate two pathways of membrane protein transport from endosomes to newly forming melanosomes and a retrograde pathway from melanosomes. (chop.edu)
Continuous protein pathways are composed of carrier proteins , channels and pumps . (wikibooks.org)
Their multi‑functional cargo have been indicated to regulate a vast number of biological pathways in target cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Melanosomes and other lysosome-related organelles obtain cargoes from early endosomes, but the fusion machinery involved and its recycling pathways are unknown. (medscape.com)
One mechanism by which ALS symptoms could spread is by a prion-like propagation of a toxic misfolded protein from cell to cell along anatomic pathways. (docksci.com)
Colorectal cancer is a complex disease driven by well-established mutations such as APC and other yet to be identified pathways. (sdbonline.org)

Previous work in the Tew group has demonstrated polymer cell-penetrating peptide mimics (CPPMs) as effective transporters of biological agents, including proteins and antibodies. (umass.edu)
Exosomal markers include microRNAs like miR-21 and miR-141, plus various proteins that belong in functional groups such as tetraspanins (CD9, CD63 and CD81), heat shock proteins (Hsp70, Hsp73 and Hsp90) and membrane transporters (GTPases) ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We selected two transmembrane metal transporters investigated in my laboratory (a primary active Cu(I) P-type ATPase pump, CopA, and a ferrous iron solute carrier-like transporter, IroT) as a proof of principle to showcase the potential generalizability of the approach. (nature.com)
Within this contribution we probe the mobile uptake of streptavidin Pdgfrb being a model proteinaceous cargo using brand-new amphiphilic transporters 3-7 where the guanidinoneomycin primary is revised with an individual alkyl string of varying measures (Structure 1). (globaltechbiz.com)

Mu recognises tyrosine-based sorting signals within the cytoplasmic domains of transmembrane cargo proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Pigment cell-specific transmembrane proteins SLC45A2 and OCA2 are a transporter and channel, respectively, that modulate melanosome pH at different stages of melanosome maturation and that are targets of mutation in different forms of oculocutaneous albinism. (chop.edu)
At first, we sought to develop the biomineralization process to stabilize protein-free liposomal preparations and then systematically expanded the strategy to transmembrane protein systems and proteoliposomes. (nature.com)

Exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies are considered as carriers of extracellular miRNAs ( 21 ). (frontiersin.org)
The profound roles of exosomes in homeostasis, stress and several pathological conditions, in conjunction with their selective and cell‑specific composition/function, allude to their use as promising circulating clinical biomarkers of systemic stress and specific pathologic states, and as biocompatible vehicles of therapeutic cargo. (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomes, via their cargo or surface composition, are signals/mediators of systemic homeostasis and stress for specific cell-to-cell or tissue-to-tissue communication ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Exosomes are microvesicles composed of a lipid bilayer and a liquid cargo. (age-management-group.com)
Exosomes may contain cytosols, biologically active molecules, and other components from cells of their origin, including lipid rafts and membrane surface proteins. (age-management-group.com)
We laid particular focus on those researches that reveal how exosomes regulate the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and how exosomal cargos affect the progression of HCC. (hindawi.com)
And thanks to the lipid bilayer structure of exosomes, cargos contained in them are not easily degraded so as to convey cargos stably [ 7 - 9 ]. (hindawi.com)

Coat proteins can help sort the cargo and assemble on the donor membrane to initiate vesicle formation. (jove.com)
The COPI and COPII coat proteins share similar structural features with Clathrin but differ in cargo sorting and vesicle formation mechanisms. (jove.com)
More than 90% of extracellular miRNAs are vesicle-free, but form a complex with proteins such as Agonaute2 (AGO2) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
In the current study, the researchers found that increasing vesicle concentration could be useful in making components for protein therapeutics such as conjugate vaccines, which work by attaching a sugar unit -- which is unique to a pathogen -- to a carrier protein. (scienceboard.net)
This low concentration explains how the inefficiency of previous CFE systems is derived from limitations of membrane protein synthesis, namely the fact that additional vesicle supplementation needed to match protein levels. (scienceboard.net)
Dennis et al suggest that vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP7) mediates fusion of BLOC-1-dependent transport carriers with melanosomes and that soluble attachment protein receptor (SNARE) recycling from melanosomes is a critical BLOC-3-dependent step. (medscape.com)
Vacuolar H+-ATPase dysfunction rescues intralumenal vesicle cargo sorting in yeast lacking PI(3,5)P2 or Doa4. (colorado.edu)
The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)

Therefore, adaptor proteins are responsible for the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pits. (wikipedia.org)
To solve this problem, the cell membrane contains proteins that are selective for unique, water soluble molecules. (wikibooks.org)
During interphase, chromosomes are enclosed within nuclei, and exchange of all molecules between this compartment and the rest of the cell occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). (nih.gov)
1-4] The mechanistic understanding of the PD173074 cellular uptake and internalization of these transporter molecules remains PD173074 complex since multiple mechanisms are likely to operate depending on the specific transporter and cell types. (globaltechbiz.com)

Characterization and quantification of polymer-protein binding relationships were established using fluorescence quenching assays. (umass.edu)
functional characterization of nat/ncs2 proteins of aspergillus brasiliensis reveals a genuine xanthine-uric acid transporter and an intrinsically misfolded polypeptide. (liverpool.ac.uk)

and lysosomal proteins, such as the transporter MFSD12, that impact melanogenesis indirectly. (chop.edu)
The biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex (BLOC) type 1 and 3 are required for normal biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet-dense granules. (medscape.com)
This process depends on the endo-lysosomal sterol transfer protein Niemann Pick C2 (NPC2). (nature.com)

Furthermore, limitations of current assays to quantify polymer-protein binding were discussed and a new method of Covalent- Labeling Mass Spectrometry was introduced to quantify non-covalent polymer interactions with model protein surface patches. (umass.edu)
This represents the first use of this method for identifying non-covalent polymer-protein interactions. (umass.edu)
This method allowed for increased understanding of the binding interactions between polymer-based CPPMs and anionic and hydrophobic surface patches on protein cargo. (umass.edu)
The role of polymer self-assembly was observed to impact not only initial binding interactions with protein cargo, but also internalization and intracellular activity. (umass.edu)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
GORAB forms stable domains at the trans-Golgi that, via interactions with the COPI-binding protein Scyl1, promote COPI recruitment to these domains. (univ-lille.fr)
From that we are to coupled sites and inactivated receptors, docking both interactions as viable including climates and used sine download proteins. (evakoch.com)

During interphase, several kinetochore proteins stably bind to NPCs (e.g. (nih.gov)

COPI is a key mediator of protein trafficking within the secretory pathway. (univ-lille.fr)
Loss of GORAB causes impairment of COPI-mediated retrieval of trans-Golgi enzymes, resulting in a deficit in glycosylation of secretory cargo proteins. (univ-lille.fr)
This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
Researchers at the Centre for Genomic Regulation in Barcelona find evidence that specialized secretory cells found in these unique and ancient creatures may have given rise to neurons in more complex animals. (sciforums.com)

Exosome biogenesis, the release of protein cargo classification involves the transport of the required endosomal classification complex (ESCRT complex) and other related proteins, such as CD63, CD9, Alix and TSG101. (age-management-group.com)

also complexes in the HLCS irreversible promoter be a activated sun for trimethylation that can date divided by mitotic cells of the cargo( Pendini et al. (familie-vos.de)
Elucidation of the mechanism of this association will not only allow us to test the importance of RanBP2 complex formation in a non-vertebrate system, but also provide a convenient alternative mechanism for formation of this complex that can be used to understand its importance in vertebrate cells. (nih.gov)
Polyhedrin forms microcrystals within insect cells which specifically capture the active protein to form a co-crystal complex. (cellgs.com)
To control for cross-reactivity with cells or as a negative control, we recommend using PODS® growth factors alongside PODS® Empty crystals , as the latter do not contain or release cargo protein. (cellgs.com)
9] Within the last decade we've showed that guanidinoglycosides synthetic carriers created by changing the ammonium sets of aminoglycoside antibiotics into guanidinium groups can effectively carry macromolecules into cells. (globaltechbiz.com)

The RanBP2 complex associates with kinetochores in a microtubule-dependent manner that also requires Crm1, a Ran-dependent nuclear export receptor. (nih.gov)
Functions in nuclear protein import, either in association with an adapter protein, like an importin-alpha subunit, which binds to nuclear localization signals (NLS) in cargo substrates, or by acting as autonomous nuclear transport receptor. (nih.gov)

Specific coat proteins cover their cytosolic surface. (jove.com)

The lab is using a number of approaches to define the SNAREs involved in fusion of BLOC-1-dependent carriers with maturing melanosomes and to understand how their localization and activity are regulated. (chop.edu)

The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)

The active protein is captured in its nascent, natively folded form with limited scope for proteolytic degradation. (cellgs.com)
Aggregates of a-syn were hyperphosphorylated and costained for p62 that targets proteins for degradation. (docksci.com)

Our current studies on this complex focus on functional dissection of the multiple domains within this large protein and on interacting proteins that may be essential for the function of the RanBP2 complex. (nih.gov)
These properties would allow the exoskeleton to assemble rapidly on the biomolecular complexes, thereby increasing their stability and guarantee that that shell removal could be achieved effectively, allowing for the full recovery of functional biomolecular assemblies. (nature.com)
We devise a protocol to determine the surface fraction of endo-lysosomes in contact with mitochondria and show that this fraction does not depend on functional NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. (nature.com)

Development of new or improved instruments, methods, and related software to elucidate 3D structures of macromolecules and macromolecular complexes. (nih.gov)

We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
and 3) describing the functions of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) in regulating the LDL:HDL ratio in humans, including therapeutic strategies targeting CETP. (biomedcentral.com)

With the properties listed above, exosomal cargos have the potential to be used as biomarkers, therapeutic targets, or immunomodulators. (hindawi.com)

The lab employs a variety of approaches to probe how BLOC-1 interacts with membranes and with other HPS-encoded protein complexes to better understand its mechanism of action. (chop.edu)
These synthetic polymers non-covalently bind to cargo, offering a mechanism to deliver proteins in a way that does not alter protein secondary structure. (umass.edu)
Our results therefore identify GORAB as a COPI scaffolding factor, and support the view that defective protein glycosylation is a major disease mechanism in gerodermia osteodysplastica. (univ-lille.fr)
here, we investigated the nucleo-cytoplasmic shuttling mechanism that transports xyr1 across the nuclear pore complex. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Docking of the importin/substrate complex to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is mediated by KPNB1 through binding to nucleoporin FxFG repeats and the complex is subsequently translocated through the pore by an energy requiring, Ran-dependent mechanism. (nih.gov)

The two major types of clathrin adaptor complexes are the heterotetrameric vesicular transport adaptor proteins (AP1-5), and the monomeric GGA (Golgi-localising, Gamma-adaptin ear homology, ARF-binding proteins) adaptors. (wikipedia.org)
PolyGA expression up-regulated proteins involved in ER to Golgi trafficking, and down-regulated proteins involved in insulin signalling. (biomedcentral.com)
COPI is recruited to the membrane primarily through binding to Arf GTPases, upon which it undergoes assembly to form coated transport intermediates responsible for trafficking numerous proteins, including Golgi-resident enzymes. (univ-lille.fr)

A mouse model of HPS bears a point mutation altering a single amino acid within the VPS33A subunit of the HOPS/CORVET endolysosomal tethering complex. (chop.edu)
For example, in northwestern Puerto Rico, the prevalence is 1 in 1800, with 1 in 22 being carriers of the mutation. (medscape.com)

Fusion of transport carriers with target organelles is mediated by SNARE proteins. (chop.edu)

When disorder and Glutamate stress across one another homologous functions are presented towards New antigens, very allowing the industry into a smaller protein. (familie-vos.de)
the filamentous fungus aspergillus oryzae is a well-known expression host used to express homologous and heterologous proteins in a number of industrial applications. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Clathrin adaptor proteins, also known as adaptins, are vesicular transport adaptor proteins associated with clathrin. (wikipedia.org)
Adaptins are distantly related to the other main type of vesicular transport proteins, the coatomer subunits, sharing between 16% and 26% of their amino acid sequence. (wikipedia.org)
The transport may be active transport by carrier proteins with an energy source, or it may be facilitated diffusion or passive transport via channels. (wikibooks.org)
Endomembrane organelle maturation requires cargo delivery via fusion with membrane transport intermediates and recycling of fusion factors to their sites of origin. (medscape.com)
The asymmetrical distribution of Ran-GTP and Ran-GDP drives cargo transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm through karyopherins, a family of nuclear transport carrier proteins that bind to Ran-GTP. (nih.gov)
In contrast, loss of the specific subunits of TRAPPII, another known Rab11-GEF, does not cause any defects on the eye development nor the transport of rhabdomere proteins, however, simultaneous loss of TRAPPII and Pcs shows severe defects on eye development. (sdbonline.org)
Synapse formation, maturation, and turnover require a finely regulated transport system that delivers selected cargos to specific synapses. (sdbonline.org)
Using the intrinsically fluorescent cholesterol analog, cholestatrienol, we directly observe sterol transport to mitochondria in fibroblasts upon treating NPC2 deficient human fibroblasts with NPC2 protein. (nature.com)

AP3 is responsible for protein trafficking to lysosomes and other related organelles. (wikipedia.org)

After pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm, RNase III Dicer and TRBP (transactivation-response RNA-binding protein) cleave them into double-stranded miRNA duplexes of ~22 nt ( 30 , 31 ). (frontiersin.org)

Here, we identify GORAB, the protein mutated in the skin and bone disorder gerodermia osteodysplastica, as a component of the COPI machinery. (univ-lille.fr)

We introduced diversity into the viral protein coat, which is the viral DNA delivery vehicle, in a variety of different ways. (berkeley.edu)

The work presented herein connects a fundamental understanding of polymer-protein complexation with intracellular internalization and cargo activity. (umass.edu)

AP2 adaptor complex associates with the plasma membrane and is responsible for endocytosis. (wikipedia.org)

HPS types 7, 8 and 9 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-1, a complex required for the generation of tubular cargo carriers destined for melanosomes. (chop.edu)
HPS types 3, 5 and 6 are due to mutations in genes encoding subunits of BLOC-2, a complex that directs BLOC-1-dependent cargo carriers with melanosomes. (chop.edu)

60% of human protein-coding genes, mostly by binding to the 3′- untranslated region (3′UTR) of the target mRNAs ( 5 ) and, therefore, miRNAs affect gene expression networks of a variety of biological processes including development, apoptosis, proliferation, and metabolism ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
the velvet complex in the gray mold fungus botrytis cinerea: impact of bclae1 on differentiation, secondary metabolism, and virulence. (liverpool.ac.uk)

Adaptins recognise and bind to clathrin through their hinge region (clathrin box), and recruit accessory proteins that modulate AP function through their C-terminal ear (appendage) domains. (wikipedia.org)
The in vitro and clinical testing of these possibilities can be sharpened by the incorporation of an existing anti-COVID-19 therapeutic that has been found in silico to competitively bind to multiple glycans on SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (bvsalud.org)

NPC disease is caused by dysfunction of either the NPC1 or NPC2 protein. (nature.com)

The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
Trafficking between the nucleus and cytoplasm occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which consist of ca. thirty distinct proteins called nucleoporins. (nih.gov)

These gamma-secretase proteins have interference end-joining Formation, module topology and domain. (evakoch.com)

Finally, future directions for designing next generation cell-penetrating peptide mimics as carriers of protein cargo were discussed. (umass.edu)
This understanding can be applied beyond cell penetrating peptide mimics to the design of smart carriers that are capable of binding to a range of novel cargo, have controllable cargo release properties, and even preferentially binding to proteins. (umass.edu)
download the physiology of the joints in compound tyrosine previously is a reaction of the combined resulting cell turn linked in thought transcription, except in indirect disease the syndrome and formation proteins are required to common phosphorylates, and nonsense clusters, been over the subunits of the small role alpha. (familie-vos.de)
The ultimate goals of our studies are to understand how these proteins enable accurate chromosome segregation and to discover how they are coordinated with each other and with other aspects of cell physiology. (nih.gov)
PODS® proteins are made using an insect cell expression system in which the active protein is co-expressed alongside polyhedrin carrier protein. (cellgs.com)
In order for a cell to respond to changes in internal and external environmental factors, a broad range of protein co- and post-translational modifications have evolved to expand upon the relatively static properties encoded in protein side-chains. (biologists.com)
After engineering a highly optimized version that can serve as a carrier for highly efficient, targeted delivery to any cell type in the body, he loads it with medicinal DNA to treat diseases that affect those cell types. (berkeley.edu)
We notice enhanced cell surface area binding and improved mobile uptake in comparison with the pentaguanidinylated neomycin carrier without alkyl organizations (2 Structure 1). (globaltechbiz.com)
This includes gene, protein and metabolic networks, cellular architecture and intracellular dynamics, cell communication and motility, cell division and differentiation, tissue formation and organogenesis, tissue and organ functions, changes in population characteristics as a consequence of interaction of organisms with their physical environment, with individuals of their own species, and with organisms of other species. (nih.gov)
A number of enveloped viruses confer fusion of the viral envelope and the cell membrane using surface viral fusion proteins. (bvsalud.org)

In one of the many discussions that we had, we realized that the stabilization of supramolecular assemblies as delicate as liposomes, membrane protein-detergent micelles, and proteoliposmes could be achieved via a biomineralization-like process through the formation of crystalline exoskeletons that would act as a shield against stressors. (nature.com)
natural variation in bcvel1 encoding the ortholog of aspergillus nidulans vea, a member of the velvet complex, was previously shown to affect light-dependent differentiation, the formation of oxalic acid (oa), and virulence. (liverpool.ac.uk)

AP complexes are heterotetramers composed of two large subunits (adaptins), a medium subunit (mu) and a small subunit (sigma). (wikipedia.org)

To test the idea that loss of Rab11 may promote cancer progression, archival human patient tissues were analyzed and 51 out of 70 colon cancer tissues had lower Rab11 protein staining. (sdbonline.org)

The association between adaptins and clathrin are important for vesicular cargo selection and transporting. (wikipedia.org)
We are to be and begin more Ub-specific targets clathrin-interacting endoplasmic synthesizing Proteoglycans and chains( complex years, organize, enzyme), and also be how to form rhythms and health collagen. (evakoch.com)

It has been estimated that the biological activity of 50 million PODS® co-crystals generates the same peak dose as 3.3 µg of standard recombinant protein. (cellgs.com)
This is what makes the MT brain a complex biological data processing system that is shared by all Eukaryotic organisms and animal species on earth. (sciforums.com)

However, correlations of the protein binding-delivery relationship or the role of polymer-protein complexation on intracellular activity of protein cargo are understudied. (umass.edu)
New assays to investigate competition of polymer-cargo complexes by intracellular proteins were introduced and revealed that competition of xii polymer-cargo is influenced by initial binding strength. (umass.edu)
Studies that facilitate understanding in CPPM-mediated intracellular protein delivery provide unprecedented insight for how non-covalently bound carriers deliver cargo. (umass.edu)

While several factors may be causal for pathogenesis, including loss of function of the C9ORF72 protein and accumulation of G 4 C 2 transcripts, expression of DPRs is thought to be a key driver of toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
We showed that these complexes play important roles in kinetochore function. (nih.gov)
Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)

Anatomy26

Organisms11

Chemicals and Drugs131

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes58

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Health Care2

Lipids5

Membrane proteins10

Nucleic acids2

Endoplasmic reticulum4

Vesicles11

Pathways6

Transporters4

Transmembrane3

Exosomes7

Vesicle8

Molecules4

Characterization2

Lysosomal3

Interactions8

Stably1

Secretory4

Biogenesis1

Cells5

Receptor2

Cytosolic1

Fusion of BLOC-1-dependent1

Endosomal1

Degradation2

Functional3

Macromolecules1

Humans2

Exosomal1

Mechanism5

Golgi3

Mutation2

SNARE1

Homologous2

Transport8

Organelles1

MiRNA1

COPI1

Coat1

Internalization1

Adaptor complex1

Melanosomes2

Metabolism2

Bind2

NPC11

Distinct2

Interference1

Cell10

Formation2

Subunit1

Tissues1

Clathrin2

Biological2

Intracellular3

Function3