Cardiovascular risk intra abdominal obesity waist circumference measures abdominal. Medical search. Frequent questions

102 cm (≈40") in men and >88 cm (≈34.5") in women or the waist-hip ratio (the circumference of the waist divided by that of the hips) of >0.9 for men and >0.85 for women are used to define central obesity. (wikipedia.org)
In the European Union waist circumference of ≥ 94 cm(≈37") in men and ≥ 80 cm(≈31.5") in non pregnant women are used as cut offs for central obesity. (wikipedia.org)
PCOS can also be accompanied by obesity because central obesity could exaggerate IR and lead to hyperinsulinemia ( 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
It is known that central obesity, i.e., concentration of fat in the abdominal region has a higher predictive sensitivity for diseases and health problems. (bvsalud.org)
Among the indicators of central obesity, waist circumference together with the waist-to-height ratio (WHR) have been shown to be more sensitive in predicting health risks than waist circumference in isolation. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical diagnosis is made on the basis of the presence of 3 of 5 conditions: 1) high triglyceride level, 2) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) presence of central obesity (ie, high waist circumference), and 5) high blood pressure ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Metabolic syndrome (MS) comprises central obesity, increased plasma glucose levels, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, and its incidence is increasing due to changes in lifestyle and dietary structure in recent years. (biomedcentral.com)
MS is closely related to lifestyle and central obesity, serving as a risk factor for metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Central obesity and, in particular, ectopic fat accumulation are important metabolic risk factors. (highwire.org)

Waist circumference (WC) does not distinguish visceral from subcutaneous adipose tissue, and hence cannot accurately reflect levels of visceral adipose tissue [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
perturbation of adipose tissue results in a pathological response to positive caloric balance in susceptible individuals that directly and indirectly contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic disease. (elsevierpure.com)
The purpose of the study was to validate indirect Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry technique and abdominal circumference measurement as tools to predict visceral adipose tissue in rats. (biomedcentral.com)
of PRT on circulating adiponectin and the physiological role Moreover, it is known that an excess of abdominal adipose tis- of adiponectin on the improvement of metabolic and cardio- sue is a better predictor of the development of insulin resistance, vascular risk factors with either body or fat mass loss are as yet type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease than the total amount incompletely understood (1,13). (hmamedicalclinic.com)
The distribution of excess adipose tissue is another important determinant of the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (cupcoffeeco.com)
Testosterone has been found to inhibit triglyceride uptake and lipoprotein lipase activity and cause a rapid turnover of triglycerides in abdominal adipose tissue (Martin et al, 1996). (bhma.org)
The purpose of this study is to explore the difference of abdominal fat and muscle composition, especially subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue, in different stages of colorectal cancer (CRC). (biomedcentral.com)
Muscle-derived secretory proteins, referred to as myokines, mediate interactions between skeletal muscle mass and other organs such as the liver, adipose tissue, pancreas, bone, and the cardiovascular system. (e-enm.org)

Routine evaluation of an expression of weight not adiposity [ 11 ] regional fat distribution on a wide scale and it provides no information on body fat requires methods that are simpler than distribution, so it can mask true obesity- dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), related risk in children [ 3 ]. (who.int)
Body composition was measured by both dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance (BIA) methods. (frontiersin.org)

PCOS entails diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer ( 3 , 4 ), and insulin resistance (IR) and hyperandrogenemia might be closely associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cardiovascular diseases in adults are associated with cardio-metabolic factors including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity and abnormal glucose regulation- the combination of which is known as metabolic syndrome (MetS) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a constellation of metabolic risk factors (including hypertension, dyslipidaemia, abdominal obesity and impaired glucose metabolism), which is associated with a twofold increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Ford, 2005), and an even higher risk of T2DM (Grundy, 2008). (bhma.org)
It has been shown that traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome modify the structural and functional characteristics of arteries reducing their compliance and increasing arterial stiffness. (dovepress.com)
OSA is a risk factor for cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), myocardial ischemia, arrhythmias and infarction, and cerebrovascular conditions including stroke [ 3 ]. (hindawi.com)
MS can be defined by the presence of abdominal obesity and any 2 of the following factors: increased fasting plasma glucose, increased TGs, reduced HDL cholesterol, and hypertension. (biomedcentral.com)

The Longitudinal Study for Adult Health (ELSA) is a prospective cohort study designed to assess the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and diabetes as well as their biological and social determinants. (scielosp.org)
They all undergo a wide range of measures to assess cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. (scielosp.org)
Overweight/obesity is not only a health burden in itself but also linked to many metabolic diseases. (springer.com)
Body fat percentage (BFP) is strongly associated with the risk of several chronic diseases and a massive increased fat mass leads to obesity defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Lifestyle, pharmacological, and surgical interventions allow a multidisciplinary approach to overweight/obesity that may improve outcomes and align with a public health message to combat the growing epidemic of obesity worldwide and to build healthier lives free of cardiovascular diseases. (elsevierpure.com)
Although we live in a different world today, we continue to consume foods rich in fat, sugar, and cholesterol - foods that have been linked to increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and obesity. (cupcoffeeco.com)
It produces various hormones that greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack or stroke. (aeris.de)
The extra fat cells that are formed when we are overweight are unfortunately pure poison for our bodies and increase the risk of chronic diseases. (aeris.de)
Exercise positively affects most risk factors, diseases and disabling conditions of middle to advanced age, however the majority of middle-aged to older people fall short of the exercise doses recommended for positively affecting cardio-metabolic, musculoskeletal and neurophysiological fitness or disabling conditions. (frontiersin.org)
there is a consensus that exercise positively affects most, if not all, risk factors, diseases and disabling conditions of middle to advanced age. (frontiersin.org)
Conversely, people with cardiovascular diseases more frequently suffer from serious mental disorders. (bvsalud.org)
MS has been proven to be associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to morbidity and mortality. (biomedcentral.com)
Manipulation of the gut microbiota through the administration of prebiotics or probiotics may assist in weight loss and reduce plasma glucose and serum lipid levels, decreasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases. (researchpaper.sbs)
Increased body fat can be present either as an overt overweight/obesity or fat redistributed into visceral organs and/or fat infiltrated into bone and muscle, which occurs especially with age and some chronic diseases [ 3 , 4 ]. (springer.com)
Elevated CRP may have a role in predicting altered lipid metabolism in obese children and this raises the possibility of cardiovascular diseases. (springeropen.com)
All participants were apparently healthy and exclusion criteria were as follows: diabetes, secondary causes of obesity, chronic diseases or chronic medication as steroids, and acute infection. (springeropen.com)
Non-alcoholic fatty liver sickness (NAFLD) is a variety of liver pathological conditions that intensely related to other chronic diseases including obesity and diabetes. (egyptianjournal.xyz)

It is well demonstrated that excessive body weight is a clearly established factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the general population. (biomedcentral.com)

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. (bvsalud.org)
In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are overweight or obese, antidiabetic medications that have additional actions to promote weight loss (such as glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1] analogs or sodium-glucose-linked transporter-2 [SGLT-2] inhibitors) are suggested, in addition to the first-line agent for type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, metformin. (medscape.com)
A five-year follow- up study of Swedish men indicated that elevated plasma cortisol and low testosterone were prospectively associated with increased incidence of cardiovascular-related events and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (Rosmond et al, 2003). (bhma.org)
Children and adolescents who were obese from childhood to adulthood were associated with increased risk of many metabolic abnormalities and type 2 diabetes mellitus, suggesting that obese individuals show an unfavorable metabolic profile that is associated with high cardiovascular risk [ 2 , 3 ]. (springeropen.com)
Insulin resistance, a condition where the body does not respond efficiently to insulin, can predispose a person to both diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. (nhcs.com.sg)

Central overweight and obesity were indicators for central fatness for both overweight boys and girls and for obese girls except in age group 6.5 ± 1 years. (who.int)
The ability of simple anthropometric add valuable comparative data to BMI techniques to correctly measure central data in assessment of central fatness in adiposity needs to be assessed because overweight and obese children. (who.int)
In obese individuals, the concentration of fat in the abdominal region is a predictive marker for future health problems. (bvsalud.org)
The abdominal circumference measure appears useful in studying overweight or obese rats. (biomedcentral.com)
In conclusion, in obese women a 16‑week combined PRT and weight‑loss diet is accompanied by significant improvements in different cardiovascular risk factors in spite of a significant decrease of circulating adiponectin. (hmamedicalclinic.com)
Circulating levels of adiponectin may be In the present study, we hypothesized that a twice-weekly the link between visceral obesity and certain related metabolic PRT would be particularly useful in the context of a weight- abnormalities which contribute to the development of insulin loss diet in adult obese women, increasing the visceral fat resistance, type 2 diabetes and atherosclerosis (3,8,9). (hmamedicalclinic.com)
Orthopaedic surgery is not risk-free, and there were more frequent blood losses and venous thrombosis in obese patients. (isciii.es)
The risk of frailty and disability in obese individuals with low muscle mass and function has been reported to be higher than that observed in non-obese counterparts with similar muscle alterations [ 11 ]. (springer.com)
In just three decades, the number of school-going children and adolescents with obesity has increased by tenfold, and the International Association for the Study of Obesity and International Obesity Task Force reckon that 200 million school children worldwide are either overweight or obese [ 1 ]. (springeropen.com)
the obesity was defined according to the sex- and age-specific growth charts proposed by National Research Center as BMI ≥ 95th percentile and other 50 age-matched non-obese (BMI between 25th and 85th percentile) children as controls. (springeropen.com)

The finding that waist circumference was a predictor of CHD incidence confirms the powerful impact this index of abdominal obesity has on CVD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)
Background Recent studies have associated several microRNAs (miRNAs) with childhood obesity and energy homeostasis, suggesting that an individual miRNA profile could be used as an early predictor to estimate the response to weight loss interventions in the design of precision nutrition. (unav.edu)
Waist circumference was a better predictor of metabolic syndrome than was BMI in our study sample of predominantly African American female adolescents living in an urban area. (cdc.gov)
It is well established that abdominal adiposity is a strong predictor of morbidity and mortality independent of BMI ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)

ABSTRACT This cross-sectional study of 1283 healthy children (681 boys, 602 girls) aged 6-11 years tested the degree of correlation between waist circumference measurements and adiposity. (who.int)
However, degree of correlation between waist circum- studies on the efficacy of anthropometric ference measurements of a sample of techniques for identifying children with Egyptian schoolchildren with their adipo- high central adiposity are scare. (who.int)
Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) is an anthropometric index associated with visceral adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
It remains relatively unknown whether SAD, as a manifest measure of visceral adiposity, differs by sex in the general population and in the subgroups defined by socio-economic characteristics. (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that the CVD risk resulting from an elevated waist circumference may be a marker of excess intra-abdominal (visceral) adiposity, which is predictive of insulin resistance and a pro-atherogenic, thrombotic, and inflammatory profile [7]. (myhealthywaist.org)
Among the indicators of central adiposity, the waist-to-height ratio (WHR) has been shown to be more sensitive for predicting future health hazards than waist circumference alone. (bvsalud.org)
Estimates of excess weight which detect possible health risks are often reported based on Body Mass Index (BMI), which is the most commonly used method for anthropometric assessment of nutritional status, being a simple and low-cost measurement that shows good agreement between the indicators of adiposity in the diagnosis of overweight and obesity, without the need to determine body composition 6,7 . (bvsalud.org)
The co-existence of impaired bone health (osteopenia/osteoporosis), reduced muscle mass and strength (sarcopenia), and increased adiposity (obesity) in middle-aged and older people has been identified in recent studies, leading to a proposal for the existence of "osteosarcopenic obesity" as a distinct entity. (springer.com)

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is growing and has been classified as an epidemic according to the WHO (World Health Organization) [ 1 ]. (springer.com)
In 1997 the WHO formally recognized obesity as a global epidemic. (slideserve.com)
inTrODUCTiOn One common treatment of the obesity epidemic involves the use of drugs (Hampp et al. (researchgate.net)
With a global epidemic in obesity, time is of the essence to make lasting improvements to patient care. (bhma.org)
The obesity epidemic is the wide of the century, with a multifactor origin. (isciii.es)

0.001) and was related with age, overweight and abdominal obesity. (isciii.es)

Innovative approaches were developed for assessing the ankle-brachial index using an automatic device instead of the mercury column to measure blood pressure and for assessing the anterior-posterior diameter of the right lobe of the liver by ultrasound for quantitative assessment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (scielosp.org)
A venous blood sample was taken of a set of risk factors for cardiovascular This study was conducted as a part of from each subject in a sitting position disease [3]. (who.int)
This study provided evidence that waist circumference predicted diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevalence in a sample of nearly 170,000 patients followed by primary care physicians in 63 countries worldwide. (myhealthywaist.org)
In an issue of Circulation published last December [2], investigators of the EPIC-Norfolk study reported results of a careful investigation of the relationship of waist and hip circumferences to coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence. (myhealthywaist.org)
Obesity is a heterogeneous disease and is characterized by abnormal or excessive fat accumulation. (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). (slideserve.com)
Obesity is a chronic disease with high prevalence and associated comorbidities, making it a growing global concern. (mdpi.com)
Introduction and objectives: Telomeres are noncoding regions located at the end of chromosomes and their shortening has been associated with risk factors and cardiovascular disease. (unav.edu)
Compared with the general population, individuals with severe mental illness (SMI) have increased prevalence rates of obesity and greater risk for cardiovascular disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Obesity (2009) Lifestyle changes such as weight loss and regular physical At present, adiponectin may be the most important and promis- activity are recognized as effective nonpharmacological inter- ing adipocytokine for obtaining a better understanding of the link ventions with beneficial effects on metabolic and cardio vascular between obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disease (1,2). (hmamedicalclinic.com)
Patients experience increased risk for heart disease, stroke, kidney failure, vision loss, neuropathies with foot and limb amputations. (cupcoffeeco.com)
Processed animal meat also contains more sodium and additives such as nitrate, nitrites, and nitrosamine along with heme iron which are also associated with increased disease risk. (cupcoffeeco.com)
The metabolic syndrome classification is of interest in epidemiologic studies because of its ability to predict the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes in adults ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
The larger the clustering of risk factors is during childhood or adulthood, the greater the extent of atherogenic damage and disease severity ( 7 ). (cdc.gov)
Therefore, identifying metabolic syndrome during childhood is vital to curbing the development and progression of cardiovascular and metabolic disease during adulthood. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic Syndrome (MS) and obesity, mainly visceral obesity, are associated with increased mortality due to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). (biomedcentral.com)
6-8 Large amounts of visceral AT (VAT) are related to increased cardiac risk, 8 9 type 2 diabetes, 10 11 liver disease 12 and cancer. (highwire.org)
13 14 High levels of liver fat increase the risk for liver disease and type 2 diabetes, 15 and increased muscle fat has been associated with increased risk for insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes 16 and reduced mobility. (highwire.org)
Dementia (A recent study of individuals in their early 40s with the highest levels of abdominal fat, compared with those who had the least abdominal fat at the same age, were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, by their mid-70s to early 80s. (umich.edu)
While visceral fat also acts as an energy storehouse, it additionally secretes hormones and other molecules that directly increase a person's risk of developing type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, and other chronic conditions. (umich.edu)
For most women, a waist circumference of 35 inches or larger, and for most men a measurement of 40 inches or larger, generally indicates a sign of excess visceral fat and associates with a higher risk for disease development. (umich.edu)
RATIONALE: Acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increase the risk of death and drive healthcare costs, but whether they accelerate loss of lung function remains controversial. (keyopinionleaders.com)
Obesity is the most common chronic metabolic disease in children. (springeropen.com)
As the nation's largest chronic kidney disease (CKD) cohort, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established to investigate the clinical course, risk factors for progression, and adverse outcomes of CKD. (krcp-ksn.org)
The KNOW-CKD will eventually offer a prediction model for long-term consequences of CKD, such as the occurrences of end-stage renal disease, cardiovascular disease, and death, thereby enabling the identification and treatment of at-risk populations that require extra medical attention. (krcp-ksn.org)
In order to broaden knowledge regarding the risk factors for CKD progression and adverse outcomes, the KoreaN Cohort Study for Outcomes in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease (KNOW-CKD) was established with the support of the Korea Center for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) [ 4 ]. (krcp-ksn.org)
Both types of diabetes significantly increase the risk for cardiovascular disease. (nhcs.com.sg)
If the BMI is normal but the waist circumference is large, as with men who have little fat around the face and arms but carry a potbelly, there is a worry of excessive intra-abdominal fat that carries a higher risk of coronary artery disease. (nhcs.com.sg)
Menopause is associated with dyslipidemia and an increased risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease. (nature.com)
1 During menopause, the prevalence of dyslipidemia also increases, which is the major risk factor of cardio-cerebrovascular disease. (nature.com)

BMI is further evaluated in terms of fat distribution via the waist-hip ratio and total cardiovascular risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
Other measurements of fat distribution include the waist-hip ratio and body fat percentage. (wikipedia.org)
Central fatness, mostly intra-abdominal circumference is a better index of android fat, is medically more important than (abdominal) obesity than waist-to-hip ratio subcutaneous fat in the trunk. (who.int)
For instance, the INTERHEART study comparing myocardial infarction cases with asymptomatic controls has clearly shown that an increased proportion of abdominal fat, as reflected by a high waist-to-hip circumference ratio, significantly increases the odds ratio for myocardial infarction [3]. (myhealthywaist.org)
The degree of insulin resistance and the incidence of type 2 diabetes are highest in those with abdominal obesity, as measured by waist circumference or waist-to-hip circumference ratio. (cupcoffeeco.com)
You can also compare the abdominal girth with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (abdominal girth divided by hip girth) and also the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (abdominal girth divided by height). (aeris.de)
The ratio for waist and hip [Waist (cm) / Hip (cm)] is also important, which should be less than 1. (nhcs.com.sg)
The ratio for waist and hip (waist/hip) is also important. (nhcs.com.sg)

Any BMI ≥ 35 is severe obesity A BMI of ≥ 40 is morbid obesity A BMI of ≥ 50 is extreme obesity As Asian populations develop negative health consequences at a lower BMI than Western populations, some nations have redefined obesity. (wikipedia.org)

MetS z-score was calculated as sum of age- and sex-specific z-scores of four components: waist circumference, blood pressure, dyslipidemia (mean of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol −1 ) and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). (biomedcentral.com)

ABSTRACT Studies have shown that cardiovascular risk factors, such as obesity, blood lipid levels, start early in childhood and some are on the rise in children. (who.int)
This study, part of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, determined and compared the prevalence of overweight and its associated risk factors in 2 555, 1 329 and 1 158 Tehran children and adolescents in 2000, 2003 and 2006 respectively. (who.int)
information on changes in cardiovas- recorded at the highest point of the hip cular risk factors in children and ado- with a meter measuring tape. (who.int)
It is estimated that over diovascular risk factors in children and 15 minutes of rest in two 5-minute in- 22 million children worldwide under adolescents in 2000, 2003 and 2006 in tervals. (who.int)
Knowledge of sex-specific socio-economic factors associated with SAD could promote the development of sex specific interventions to prevent obesity-related health disparities. (biomedcentral.com)
Excessive insulin level is not only a potential cause of hyperandrogenemia but also one of the high-risk factors leading to metabolic syndromes among those with PCOS ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cardiovascular health score was defined by the American Heart Association as a composite score of 7 key risk factors (smoking status, physical activity, diet, body mass index, blood pressure, total cholesterol, and fasting blood glucose) with 0 to 2 points for each factor. (unav.edu)
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a long term nutritional intervention on body weight, body fat and cardiovascular risk factors in a large number of patients with SMI. (biomedcentral.com)
0.05) in WL+RT group, whereas an improvement in different cardiovascular risk factors (insulin sensitivity, low‑density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‑C), etc.) was observed. (hmamedicalclinic.com)
risk factors (6,10). (hmamedicalclinic.com)
Although there is some evidence of a positive effect of WB-EMS on cardio-metabolic risk factors, this aspect requires further detailed study. (frontiersin.org)
Metabolic syndrome is defined as clustering of several cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. (cdc.gov)
Early screening for metabolic syndrome can be expensive and time-consuming because it involves testing for multiple risk factors. (cdc.gov)
1 In fact, obesity is probably the single most important risk factor for the development of severe OA of the knee, more so than other potential predisposing factors, including heredity. (isciii.es)
Although both abdominal fat and low CRF are significant predictors of health risk, the independent contribution of these two factors is not firmly established. (diabetesjournals.org)
Their prevalence is higher in patients presenting cardiovascular risk factors.This review takes stock of the frequency, the mechanisms, and the implications of major cardiovascular risk factors in patients with serious mental disorders. (bvsalud.org)
People with serious mental disordershave a greater prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. (bvsalud.org)
The objectives were to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population of Jamnagar and to explore the effect of dietary factors on the weight status of the people. (researchpaper.sbs)
Each component condition occurs frequently with increasing age, and with shared risk factors in many instances, thus, an overlap of these three conditions is not surprising. (springer.com)
Sarcopenia and osteoporosis have similar risk factors that include genetics, endocrine function, and mechanical factors. (springer.com)
Although HDL-C levels predict cardiovascular risk in the general population, the increased risk may be caused by other factors, such as accompanying lipid and metabolic abnormalities, such as hypertriglyceridemia, rather than the HDL-C level itself. (msdmanuals.com)
And if risk factors are identified early and the corrective steps are taken, the process can be delayed [ 6 ]. (springeropen.com)
All the subjects being ethnic Koreans, the KNOW-CKD is expected to provide high-level evidence from Koreans on the clinical courses and clinical and biological factors for CKD progression and/or adverse outcomes, and diverse deficits related to CKD such as cardiovascular comorbidity, anemia, mineral metabolic derangements, quality of life (QOL), and health habits. (krcp-ksn.org)
It is often associated with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as high blood pressure, increased total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, decreased HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) cholesterol levels, and obesity. (nhcs.com.sg)
45 years and all younger patients who have risk factors for diabetes should be screened for diabetes at the start of TB treatment. (cdc.gov)

Overall the prevalence of obesity in Tehran children and adolescents increased significantly from 2000 to 2006 while blood pressure and serum lipid concentrations decreased. (who.int)
Stepwise regression showed that only waist circumference significantly predicted metabolic syndrome. (cdc.gov)

During the current pandemic, we are observing increased risk for both serious complications and mortality in patients with COVID-19 who have underlying diabetes. (cupcoffeeco.com)
OBJECTIVE -Moderate to high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with a lower risk of the metabolic syndrome and all-cause mortality. (diabetesjournals.org)
It is also reported that high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with lower risk of metabolic syndrome ( 3 ) and all-cause mortality ( 4 - 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
However, whether the concurrent existence of sarcopenia, osteoporosis and obesity leads to an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes and mortality above and beyond the risks associated with the sum of the component parts remains to be proven and is a question of research interest. (springer.com)

For both sexes a highly positive correlation was found between waist circumference and BMI, percentage of body fat, subscapular and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses, and the sum of skinfold measures. (who.int)
Recently, Ross and Katzmarzyk ( 7 ) reported that for a given BMI, individuals with high CRF had lower abdominal skinfold thickness and waist circumference compared with individuals with lower CRF, independent of sex. (diabetesjournals.org)

In those with a BMI under 35, intra-abdominal body fat is related to negative health outcomes independent of total body fat. (wikipedia.org)
Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure measurement, and ankle-brachial index have an established clinical application while others including pulse wave velocity, heart rate variability, and carotid intima-media thickness have no established application and do not have reference values for healthy Brazilian population but may be important predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. (scielosp.org)
In this article, we review evidence for the existence of osteosarcopenic obesity including the current operational definition of osteosarcopenic obesity, prevalence, pathophysiology, outcomes and exploratory approaches to the management of components. (springer.com)
Additionally, studies should assess whether the clinical outcomes associated with osteosarcopenic obesity are worse than the mere addition of those linked with its components. (springer.com)
Am J outcomes associated with treatment of cervical the risk of cancer: a multisite case-control study in Clin Nutr 2008;88:1567-75. (who.int)

There is no gold standard in body composition measurement in pediatric patients with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
Measurement of waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) are two conventional methods to determine the abdominal fat and muscle composition. (biomedcentral.com)

Obesity increases CVD risk due to its effect on blood lipid levels. (slideserve.com)

Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate if there are any differences between two bioelectrical impedance analysis techniques performed in children and adolescents with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)

The authors found that increased waist circumference raised the risk of CHD, while increased hip girth seemed to confer some protection against CHD after adjustment for body mass index (BMI), age, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and alcohol intake. (myhealthywaist.org)
That is why physicians consider the Abdominal girth as more meaningful than the BMI. (aeris.de)
The waist girth is taken just above the level of the navel, not the narrowest part of the torso (sometimes referred to as the upper waist). (umich.edu)

Body mass index measurements were taken and blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides measured. (who.int)
Diabetes (Type 2) Obesity complicates the management of type 2 diabetes by increasing insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, which makes drug treatment less effective. (slideserve.com)
Participants were designated as having metabolic syndrome if they met criteria for 3 of 5 variables: 1) high blood pressure, 2) low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, 3) high fasting blood glucose level, 4) high waist circumference, and 5) high triglyceride level. (cdc.gov)

When exposed to a surplus of calories, those of us who accumulate excess energy in lower body subcutaneous fat appear to be at lower risk of CHD, while those who cannot efficiently clear and store the energy in peripheral depots build up their intra-abdominal fat stores and increase their ectopic fat, a process leading to atherogenic metabolic disturbances that increase CHD risk. (myhealthywaist.org)
Although it is clear that the accumulation of visceral/ectopic fat is a major contributor to cardiovascular and metabolic risk above and beyond the body mass index, implementation of fat distribution assessment into clinical practice remains a challenge. (elsevierpure.com)
The additional ability of MRI to also measure muscle volumes, muscle AT infiltration and ectopic fat, in combination with rapid scanning protocols and efficient image analysis tools, makes quantitative MRI a powerful tool for advanced body composition assessment. (highwire.org)

This relationship is even more nuanced when clinical entities such as metabolically healthy obesity phenotype and the obesity paradox are considered. (elsevierpure.com)

11 , 12 Visceral obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia, leptin-resistance and hypoadiponectinemia configuring a high cardiovascular risk phenotype. (dovepress.com)

Obesity classification is a ranking of obesity, the medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it has an adverse effect on health. (wikipedia.org)
Levels in excess of 32% for women and 25% for men are generally considered to indicate obesity. (wikipedia.org)
For classifying children with excess weight (risk of overweight, overweight or obesity), or with overweight or obesity the cut-off points of the Z-scores of Body Mass Index (zBMI), proposed by the Ministry of Health (2009), were used, from the point of view of the World Health Organization. (bvsalud.org)
Values of 0.52 and 0.54 of the WHR were the cut-off points for optimization of Sensitivity/Specificity respectively for excess weight or overweight or obesity. (bvsalud.org)
If the BMI is high but the waist circumference is normal, as with bodybuilders, there is no worry of excess body fat. (nhcs.com.sg)

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202235e210166 body mass index, body fat percentage, and waist circumference were evaluated. (bvsalud.org)

1 ]. A central fat pattern has adverse health - abdominal fat), abdominal subcutaneous implications in both children and adults. (who.int)
The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the effects, limitations and risks of WB-EMS as a preventive or therapeutic tool for non-athletic adults. (frontiersin.org)
OBJECTIVE: To assess retention in the National Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) lifestyle change program, which seeks to prevent type 2 diabetes in adults at high risk. (cdc.gov)

Obesity in early childhood is associated with an increased risk of obesity in adulthood [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The increased prevalence of obesity in Tehran children and adolescents is of concern and requires monitoring. (who.int)
Il vise à déterminer et comparer la prévalence du surpoids et des facteurs de risque associés chez 2 555, 1 329 et 1 158 enfants et adolescents de Téhéran en 2000, 2003 et 2006 respectivement. (who.int)
Digital media use appears to be a risk factor for the development of MetS in children and adolescents. (biomedcentral.com)
World Health Organisation (WHO) has recognized the adverse role of prolonged exposure to digital media (DM) in childhood obesity and recommends that children and adolescents should limit recreational screen-time [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Katzmarzyk et al previously published sex-, age-, and race/ethnicity-specific body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference cutpoints to identify adolescents at risk for CVD risk factor clustering ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

We therefore believed that an exami- lar risk [ 3 ] and increased risk of metabolic nation of waist circumference in a group complications [ 4 ]. (who.int)
Links are being made between low levels of testosterone and an increased risk of metabolic syndrome among men. (bhma.org)

High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a parameter that is used to assess inflammation and risk factor for cardiovascular events. (springeropen.com)

Several studies have previously shown that an increase in waist circumference increases CHD risk at any BMI level. (myhealthywaist.org)
In addition, several prospective observational studies [4-6] have shown that an increased waist circumference increases risk of CHD independent of and beyond the "effect" of BMI. (myhealthywaist.org)
Even if a person doesn't gain much weight, the waistline increases as more deposits of visceral belly fat push out against the abdominal wall. (umich.edu)

These observations reinforce the with less favourable patterns of serum importance of using waist circumference in lipoprotein concentrations, increased blood clinical practice [ 10 ]. (who.int)
These data add to limited literature comparing wheat whole grains to wheat refined grains on CVD risk and highlight the need to consider genetic variation in relation to lipoprotein lipid content and CVD risk. (biomedcentral.com)

Serum omega-3 fatty acid levels were measured with the gas chromatography method. (frontiersin.org)
Here, we have reviewed recent studies concerning the role of the gut microbiota in metabolic syndrome and the effects of probiotic bacterial strains and prebiotics on the prevention or treatment of metabolic syndrome, such as their anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects and their ability to improve glycemic control and modulate serum lipids. (biomedcentral.com)
From IVCCM, we measured corneal nerve density, branch, and tortuosity, total corneal/epithelial thickness, and the number of endothelial/keratocyte cells, and we checked patients' biochemical profiles and serum and tear NGF levels. (e-dmj.org)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is strongly associated with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance and effective approaches to nutrition (e.g., omega-3 fatty acids intake) might improve the cardiometabolic risk profile. (frontiersin.org)
Today, it is well known that the metabolic risk related to fat accumulation is strongly dependent on its distribution. (highwire.org)

There is a sity (whether total or central), and to quan- suggestion that waist circumference alone tify the association of waist circumference may be a more useful and accurate tool in measurements with age and degree of BMI children than DXA etc. [ 6 ]. (who.int)
The following data were collected: personal (sex and date of birth), anthropometric (weight, height, waist, and hip measurements) were taken. (springeropen.com)

Obesity has tripled in the last forty years and represents already a health issue in childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
Overweight and obesity represent already a health issue in childhood. (biomedcentral.com)
Conclusions Bioinformatic analysis evidenced that miR-221-3p participates in several obesity-related pathways, and more interestingly, this miRNA targets several candidate genes to childhood obesity according to DisGeNet database. (unav.edu)

Anthropometric indexes of obesity are easily implemented, but newer imaging-based methods offer improved sensitivity and specificity for measuring specific depots. (elsevierpure.com)
Methods A total of 51 Spanish girls (age 7-16 years) with abdominal obesity underwent 8 weeks of a multidisciplinary intervention for weight loss. (unav.edu)
Statistical methods were used to discriminate the best region of interest allowing the in-vivo measure of Central Fat Mass by DXA. (biomedcentral.com)
Fruits, vegetables and endometrial cancer risk in women in the European forces in synthesizing evidence on new methods for the risk of cancer: a multisite case-control study in Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cervical cancer prevention. (who.int)

Some assessments including anthropometric assessment, casual blood pressure (BP) measure, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) have established clinical application. (scielosp.org)
Although it was very large in size and clearly demonstrated the clinical relevance of measuring waist circumference, IDEA was cross-sectional in design and only assessed the prevalence of diabetes and CVD-associated abdominal obesity. (myhealthywaist.org)
Although these observations should be considered indirect evidence, they fit with the notion that moderate weight loss (only 5 kg) can substantially reduce abdominal fat and produce clinical benefits [8]. (myhealthywaist.org)
In summary, this interesting paper from EPIC-Norfolk provides solid evidence that along with stethoscopes, measuring tapes should be on the list of simple clinical tools that physicians should use to evaluate their patients. (myhealthywaist.org)
A controlled, randomized, clinical trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this combination in treating obesity should be considered. (researchgate.net)
We conclude that, there is insufficient evidence to support a discrete clinical entity of osteosarcopenic obesity at this time. (springer.com)

Many Aetna plan benefit descriptions specifically exclude services and supplies for or related to treatment of obesity or for diet and weight control. (aetna.com)
The medical necessity criteria set forth below do not apply to health plans that specifically exclude services and supplies for or related to treatment of obesity or for diet or weight control. (aetna.com)
Little is known about the prescribing habits of physicians specializing in the treatment of obesity. (researchgate.net)
As 5-HTP-carbidopa was a combination not previously reported for the treatment of obesity, a retrospective chart review was performed in a single obesity practice, which may not be representative. (researchgate.net)
reported that obesity specialists frequently prescribed, in humans, a triple drug combination (Phen, 5-HTP, and CB) for the treatment of obesity. (researchgate.net)

There is a lack of knowledge of body composition in pediatric patients with obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
The aim of our study was to evaluate in patients with obesity and chronic osteoarthritis the impact on quality of life and metabolic control of a dietary intervention with a hypocaloric commercial formula. (isciii.es)

As with all chronic medical conditions, effective management of obesity must be based on a partnership between a highly motivated patient and a committed team of health professionals. (medscape.com)

Epidemiological studies have shown obesity to be an important risk factor for the development of knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA). (isciii.es)
To expand knowledge and understanding in this area, there is a need for consensus on a definition of osteosarcopenic obesity which will allow for identification, further epidemiological studies and comparisons between studies. (springer.com)

Anatomy20

Diseases42

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment77

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes59

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture4

Humanities1

Information Science6

Named Groups8

Health Care64

Geographicals31

Central obesity9

Adipose8

Dual-energy X-ray a2

Hypertension6

Diseases18

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disea1

Diabetes mellitus5

Obese10

Predictor4

Adiposity8

Epidemic5

0.0011

Disease30

Ratio8

Morbid obesity1

Dyslipidemia1

Factors25

Significantly2

Mortality4

Skinfold2

Outcomes5

Measurement2

Blood lipid levels1

Children and adolescents with obesity1

Girth3

Glucose3

Ectopic fat3

Metabolically healthy1

High cardiovascular risk1

Excess5

Body fat percen1

Adults3

Adulthood1

Adolescents5

Increased risk of metabolic2

Factor for cardiovascular1

Increases3

Lipoprotein2

Serum3

Strongly2

Measurements2

Childhood3

Methods4

Clinical6

Treatment of obesity5

Patients with obesity2

Management of obesity1

Epidemiological2