• The team, led by Associate Professor Tomohide Takaya from the Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences at Shinshu University, recently discovered that an anti-nucleolin aptamer, myogenetic oligodeoxynucleotide iSN04, induced myocardial differentiation in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
  • In particular, the invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of embryonic stem cells into muscle cells or vascular endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • However, the molecular pathways that lead to specification and terminal differentiation of specific cell types, such as myocytes, from embryonic stem cells during development are not entirely clear. (justia.com)
  • culturing a stem cell in the presence of an embryonic cell and/or extracellular medium of an embryonic cell, under conditions that induce differentiation of the stem cell. (justia.com)
  • BACKGROUND: We recently published evidence to suggest that two populations of stem cells including very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and ovarian stem cells (OSCs) in ovary surface epithelium (OSE) undergo proliferation/differentiation, germ cell nests (GCN) formation, meiosis and eventually differentiate into oocytes that assemble as primordial follicles on regular basis during estrus cycle. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pluripotent embryonic carcinoma (EC) and embryonic stem (ES) cells cultivated as permanent lines offer a new approach for studying cardiogenic differentiation in vitro. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In sheep, cardiomyocytes begin the process of becoming terminally differentiated at about 100 gestation days out of 145 days term. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Whereas early differentiated cardiomyocytes are characterized by action potentials and ionic currents typical for early pacemaker cells, terminally differentiated cardiomyocytes show action potentials and ionic currents inherent to ventricular-, atrial- or sinus nodal-like cells. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Inflammatory signaling in cardiomyocytes usually occurs as an early response to myocardial injury and entails cytosolic and mainly mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • By demonstrating the generation of cardiomyocytes from murine pluripotent stem cells, their concept shows promise as a regenerative therapy. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
  • We had previously found that iSN04 promoted myogenic precursor cells (myoblasts) to differentiate into skeletal muscle cells and had hypothesized that the aptamer also enhanced differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
  • However, when these pluripotent stem cells were treated after experiencing differentiating conditions for five days, specific marker genes were upregulated, and the cells committed to forming beating cardiomyocytes. (shinshu-u.ac.jp)
  • Whilst differentiation of some lineage specific stem cells can be induced with a degree of certainty, a differentiation outcome of a population of pluripotent stem cells is less predictable. (justia.com)
  • In the last two decades, ASK1 was shown to be involved in various responses, including cell apoptosis, differentiation, and production of inflammatory cytokines. (precisionfda.org)
  • However, whether ASK1 activation is involved in DOX-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis is still not known, and the downstream events need a further investigation. (precisionfda.org)
  • Growth factors that stimulate proliferation of fetal cardiomyocytes include angiotensin II, cortisol and insulin-like growth factor-1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Increased ventricular wall stress leads to short term increases in proliferation but longer-term loss of cardiomyocyte generative capacity. (elsevierpure.com)
  • BNP treatment increased their proliferation but not their differentiation capacity. (elifesciences.org)
  • Therefore there remains a need for providing effective methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells into specific cell types, such as myocytes or endothelial cells. (justia.com)
  • One complementary therapy could be 're-activating' vasculogenesis (i.e. the differentiation of precursor cells into mature endothelial cells), a mechanism that occurs in the heart during development but is quiescent in adult hearts. (elifesciences.org)
  • These functional characteristics are in accordance with the expression of α- and β-cardiac myosin heavy chain at early differentiation stages and the additional expression of ventricular-specific MLC-2V and atrial-specific ANF genes at terminal stages demonstrated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • In contrast, Tbx3-deficient embryos formed a morphologically normal SAN, which, however, aberrantly expressed Cx40 and other atrial genes, demonstrating that Tbx3 controls differentiation of SAN head and tail cardiomyocytes but also demonstrating that Tbx3 is not required for the formation of the SAN structure. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During fetal life the myocardium expands through replication of cardiomyocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Formation of the sinus node head and differentiation of sinus node myocardium are independently regulated by Tbx18 and Tbx3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The sinus node (or sinoatrial node [SAN]), the pacemaker of the heart, is a functionally and structurally heterogeneous tissue, which consists of a large "head" within the right caval vein myocardium and a "tail" along the terminal crest. (ox.ac.uk)
  • During cardiomyocyte differentiation three distinct developmental stages were defined by expression of specific action potentials and ionic currents measured by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • During differentiation the expression of stem cell specific genes and markers are often lost and cells acquire gene expression profiles of somatic cells or their precursors. (justia.com)
  • In some cases, "master" genes have been described which control differentiation versus self-renewal. (justia.com)
  • Methods of inducing differentiation in stem cells and muscle cells produced therefrom may be used for the study of cellular and molecular biology of tissue development, for the discovery of genes and proteins such as differentiation factors that play a role in tissue development and regeneration. (justia.com)
  • A temporally controlled influence of RA on cardiac differentiation and expression of cardiac-specific genes was found. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • ANP powerfully suppresses mitotic activity in cardiomyocytes in the presence of angiotensin II in culture. (elsevierpure.com)
  • had reported that both angiotensin II and phenylephrine significantly induced ROS generation in cardiomyocytes, which was inhibited by IL-33 [10]. (precisionfda.org)
  • Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
  • Epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factor networks essential for differentiation of cardiac myocytes have been uncovered. (nature.com)
  • We describe cardiogenesis in vitro by differentiating EC and ES cells by way of embryo-like aggregates (embryoid bodies) into spontaneously beating cardiomyocytes. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • Placing the cells under conditions which induce specific cell types has been one form of an attempt to regulate the differentiation outcome. (justia.com)
  • Therefore, the regulation of cardiomyocyte growth in the womb is critical to long term disease outcome. (elsevierpure.com)
  • There are three major MAPK family members that have been well characterized: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK [15]. (precisionfda.org)
  • Previous studies in cardiomyocytes have demonstrated that suppression of JNK attenuates DOX-induced cardiomyocytes injury [24], [32]. (precisionfda.org)
  • The proximal events of TLR-mediated intracellular signaling are initiated by interactions with cytosolic adapters, mainly myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) [ 25 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These conditions include growing the cells to high or low density, changing media, introducing or removing cytokines, hormones and growth factors, creating an environment which suits differentiation toward a specific cell type, such as providing a suitable substrate. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to methods of inducing differentiation of stem cells. (justia.com)
  • The process of differentiation in stem cells involves selective development of immature cells to committed and fully mature cells of various lineages. (justia.com)
  • Differentiation of stem cells is known be triggered by various growth factors and regulatory molecules. (justia.com)
  • The induction of cardiomyocyte differentiation in stem cells is especially useful in developing therapeutic methods and products for heart disease and abnormal heart conditions. (justia.com)
  • The number of cells at birth is important in determining the number of cardiomyocytes for life. (elsevierpure.com)
  • ES cells transformed from ectopic PGCs through molecular dysregulation or de-differentiation may become the source of iGCT. (bvsalud.org)
  • Permanent cultures of cardiac cells described so far have limited value for studying cell biology and pharmacology of the developing heart because of the loss of proliferative capacity and cardiac-specific properties of cardiomyocytes during long-term cultivation. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • TLRs are membrane-anchored proteins present in several cell types ranging from macrophages and T and B cells to nonimmune cells such as cardiomyocytes [ 20 , 21 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • For testing the influence of exogenous compounds on cardiac differentiation the teratogenic compound retinoic acid (RA) was applied during distinct stages of embryoid body development. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • We conclude that ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes provide an excellent cellular model to study early cardiac development and to perform pharmacological and embryotoxicological investigations. (uni-luebeck.de)
  • However, the detailed epigenetic processes involved in maturation from fetal to adult CMs and in cardiac disease leading to terminal heart failure have not been fully uncovered, yet. (nature.com)
  • Interest in ALMS1 is heightened by the recent discovery of its involvement in neonatal cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest, a process with potential relevance to regenerative medicine. (springer.com)
  • In this final step of development, cardiomyocytes become binucleated and stop dividing. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Here we describe the human CM epigenome during prenatal development and postnatal maturation of the heart from infant to adult age and in terminal failure. (nature.com)
  • In contrast, pathological gene expression in terminal heart failure is accompanied by changes in active histone marks without major alterations in CpG methylation and repressive chromatin marks. (nature.com)
  • The Fig. 4D demonstrated that treatment of cardiomyocytes with IL-33 decreased oxidant production after DOX. (precisionfda.org)