Cardiac myosins. Medical search. Frequent questions

DNA sequences encoding cardiac myosin-binding protein C were determined in unrelated patients with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)

Myocardial performance is likely affected by the relative expression of the two myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms, namely {alpha}-MyHC and ß-MyHC. (umsystem.edu)
Differential regulation of the atrial isoforms of the myosin light chains during striated muscle development. (nih.gov)
Virtually all eukaryotic cells contain myosin isoforms . (wn.com)
Alpha and beta myosin isoforms and human atrial and ventricular contraction. (cam.ac.uk)
In recent years exploration of the properties of pure α- & β-myosin isoforms have been possible in solution, in isolated myocytes and myofibrils. (cam.ac.uk)
This allowed us consider what features of contraction can and cannot be ascribed to the myosin isoforms present in the atria and ventricles. (cam.ac.uk)
We have previously demonstrated that a layer of skeletal muscle cells in the EOMs demonstrate a longitudinal variation in their myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoforms. (upenn.edu)

In addition to myosin, cMyBP-C also binds titin and actin. (wikipedia.org)
cMyBP-C regulates the positioning of myosin and actin for interaction and acts as a tether to the myosin S1 heads, limiting their mobility. (wikipedia.org)
In its dephosphorylated state, cMyBP-C binds predominantly to myosin S2 and brakes crossbridge formation, however, when phosphorylated in response to β-adrenergic stimulation through activating cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), it favours binding to actin, then accelerating crossbridge formation, enhancing force development and promoting relaxation. (wikipedia.org)
These results indicate that P-light chain phosphorylation affects actin-myosin interactions in cardiac and skeletal muscles at submaximal levels of Ca 2+ activation. (elsevierpure.com)
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is definitely a solid filament-associated protein that Mitragynine appears to contribute to the regulation of cardiac contraction through interactions with either myosin or actin or both. (biopaqc.com)
In this regard there is evidence (examined below) that dephosphorylated cMyBP-C preferentially binds to myosin and in so doing restricts spatial mobility of myosin and reduces the probability of myosin binding to actin. (biopaqc.com)
In contrast hypertrophic cardiomyopathy mutations in cMyBP-C that are associated with hypercontractility actually in an individual at rest presumably induce hypercontractility by disrupting the relationships of cMyBP-C with myosin or increasing its binding to actin or both. (biopaqc.com)
Thus, although myosin was originally thought to be restricted to muscle cells (hence myo- (s) + -in ), there is no single "myosin" but rather a huge superfamily of genes whose protein products share the basic properties of actin binding, ATP hydrolysis (ATPase enzyme activity), and force transduction. (wn.com)
The structure and function of myosin is strongly conserved across species, to the extent that rabbit muscle myosin II will bind to actin from an amoeba . (wn.com)
Modified lysine residues occurred in the actin binding region as well as the coiled-coil tail and the hinge regions of myosin (see Fig. 1). (cytoskeleton.com)
Note that acetylation covers all of the important functional areas of myosin from actin and ATP binding to the hinge region and even the coiled-coil tail. (cytoskeleton.com)
The protein product of MYH16 is one of the heavy chain myosins, a kind of protein that works with actin to enable muscle fibers to contract. (johnhawks.net)
Matching Mechanics and Energetics of Muscle Contraction Suggests Unconventional Chemomechanical Coupling during the Actin-Myosin Interaction. (unifi.it)
Myosin motors that cannot bind actin leave their folded OFF state on activation of skeletal muscle. (unifi.it)
[ 3 ] Nodal cells have less well-organized actin and myosin filaments and a poorly developed sarcoplasmic reticulum. (medscape.com)

Histologically, Mybpc3-targeted knock-out hearts display structural rearrangements with cardiac myocyte disarray and increased interstitial fibrosis similar to patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, without obvious alterations in shape or size of single cardiac myocytes. (wikipedia.org)
MYBPC3 was thus the fourth gene for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, following MYH7, encoding β-myosin heavy chain, TNNT2 and TPM1, encoding cardiac troponin T and α-tropomyosin, respectively, earmarking hypertrophic cardiomyopathy as a disease of the sarcomere. (wikipedia.org)
Mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C account for approximately 15 percent of cases of familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
eight defects (insertions, deletions, and splice mutations) were predicted to truncate cardiac myosin-binding protein C. The clinical expression of either missense or truncation mutations was similar to that observed for other genetic causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but the age at onset of the disease differed markedly. (nih.gov)
Schlossarek, S., Mearini, G. and Carrier, L. (2011) Cardiac myosin-binding protein c in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. (scirp.org)
Mutations in the gene encoding cardiac MyBP-C are a common cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and this has led to increased interest in the protein's function. (ox.ac.uk)
Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein-C (cMyBPC) and cardiac troponin I (cTNI) are hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-causing sarcomeric proteins which regulate contractility in response to PKA phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
Mutations in the cardiac myosin binding protein-C gene on chromosome 11 cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (ox.ac.uk)
Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder manifesting as cardiac hypertrophy with myocyte disarray and an increased risk of sudden death. (ox.ac.uk)
Van Driest SL, Jaeger MA, Ommen SR, Will ML, Gersh BJ, Tajik AJ, Ackerman MJ: Comprehensive analysis of the beta-myosin heavy chain gene in 389 unrelated patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. (karger.com)
2022 SAT6 Pushing Back Against HCM: Can Cardiac Myosin Inhibitors Alter the Disease Progression & Management Trajectory for Patients With Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy? (hfsa.org)
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a thick filament-associated regulatory protein frequently found mutated in patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). (kcl.ac.uk)

Insights provided by comparisons of kindreds with distinct and identical beta-myosin heavy chain gene mutations. (karger.com)

The genotypes of these family members were determined, and the clinical status of 212 family members with mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C was assessed. (nih.gov)
The clinical expression of mutations in the gene for cardiac myosin-binding protein C is often delayed until middle age or old age. (nih.gov)
Delayed expression of cardiac hypertrophy and a favorable clinical course may hinder recognition of the heritable nature of mutations in the cardiac myosin-binding protein C gene. (nih.gov)
Mutations in the MYH7 gene cause myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in the MYH7 gene lead to the production of an altered cardiac β-myosin heavy chain protein, which is thought to be less able to form thick filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
Armel TZ, Leinwand LA. Mutations in the beta-myosin rod cause myosin storage myopathy via multiple mechanisms. (medlineplus.gov)
Mutations in five different loci cause FHC and 3 disease genes have been identified: beta cardiac myosin heavy chain, alpha tropomyosin and cardiac troponin T. Because these genes encode contractile proteins, other FHC loci are predicted also to encode sarcomere components. (ox.ac.uk)
Both mutations are predicted to disrupt the high affinity, C-terminal, myosin-binding domain of cardiac MyBP-C. These findings define cardiac MyBP-C mutations as the cause of FHC on chromosome 11p and reaffirm that FHC is a disease of the sarcomere. (ox.ac.uk)
Mutations in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) commonly cause cardiomyopathy. (karger.com)
Human genetic studies have identified mutations in the sodium channel SCN5A gene causing tachyarrhythmia disorders, as well as progressive cardiac conduction system diseases, or overlapping syndromes. (medscape.com)
There are a myriad of mutations identified in genes encoding cardiac transcription factors, ion channels, gap junctions, energy metabolism regulators, lamins and other structural proteins. (medscape.com)

1,2 Treatment algorithms were transformed in April 2022 with the US Food and Drug Administration approval of mavacamten (Camzyos), a cardiac myosin inhibitor from Bristol Myers Squibb, for treatment of symptomatic obstructive HCM. (hcplive.com)
3 Looking at the pipeline, a next generation cardiac myosin inhibitor from Cytokinetics, called aficamten, has shown promise in phase 1 and phase 2 trials, with the company announcing the launch of the phase 3 MAPLE-HCM trial in June 2023. (hcplive.com)
Clinical trials begin for the first potential cardiac myosin inhibitor. (cytokinetics.com)
First Phase 3 clinical trial of potential cardiac myosin inhibitor begins. (cytokinetics.com)
It is a cardiac myosin inhibitor. (biospace.com)
Cardiac myosin inhibitor. (renalandurologynews.com)

For inactivation of CRL7, the Cullin 7 (Cul7) gene was deleted in cardiac myocytes (CM) by injection of adeno-associated virus subtype 9 (AAV9) vectors encoding codon improved Cre-recombinase (AAV9-CMV-iCre) in Cul7flox/flox mice. (bvsalud.org)

Phosphorylation is required for normal cardiac function and cMyBP-C stability, and overall phosphorylation levels of cMyBP-C are reduced in human and experimental heart failure. (wikipedia.org)
Phosphorylation of cMyBP-C is essential for normal cardiac function, since dephosphorylation of this protein leads to its degradation and has been associated with cardiomyopathy. (scirp.org)
Barefield, D. and Sadayappan, S. (2010) Phosphorylation and function of cardiac myosin-binding protein c in health and disease. (scirp.org)
Key role of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase-mediated MLC2a phosphorylation in the alpha 1-adrenergic positive inotropic effect in human atrium. (nih.gov)
Cardiac contractility is regulated by dynamic phosphorylation of sarcomeric proteins by kinases such as cAMP-activated protein kinase A (PKA). (biomedcentral.com)
This study ascribes a novel function to MMGL isoform 4: it meets all criteria for classification as an AKAP, and we show that is involved in the phosphorylation of cMyBPC as well as cTNI, hence MMGL is an important regulator of cardiac contractility. (biomedcentral.com)
the cardiac isoform differs from its skeletal counterparts by containing an extra immunoglobulin-like (IgI) domain (C0) at the amino terminal, a charged residue-rich insertion in domain C5 and three phosphorylation sites in a motif between the second and third IgI domains (C1-C2), known as the MyBPC motif or m-domain. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation of P-light chain increased tension in both permeabilized cardiac and skeletal muscle fibers. (elsevierpure.com)
Sweeney, HL & Stull, JT 1986, ' Phosphorylation of myosin in permeabilized mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscle cells ', American Journal of Physiology - Cell Physiology , vol. 250, no. 4 (19/4), pp. (elsevierpure.com)
In recent years the picture that has emerged is definitely one in which cMyBP-C is definitely a key determinant of the rate and push of cardiac contraction a summary drawn from alterations in contractility that have been observed as a consequence of phosphorylation ablation or mutation of the protein. (biopaqc.com)

The myosin-binding protein C, cardiac-type is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYBPC3 gene. (wikipedia.org)
cMyBP-C is a myosin-associated protein that binds at 43 nm intervals along the myosin thick filament backbone, stretching for 200 nm on either side of the M-line within the crossbridge-bearing zone (C-region) of the A band in striated muscle. (wikipedia.org)
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is one of the proteins that make up the contractile apparatus of cardiomyocytes. (scirp.org)
This condition is characterized by the formation of protein clumps, which contain a protein called myosin, within certain muscle fibers. (medlineplus.gov)
The MYH7 gene provides instructions for making a protein known as the cardiac beta (β)-myosin heavy chain. (medlineplus.gov)
This protein is found in heart (cardiac) muscle and in type I skeletal muscle fibers, one of two types of fibers that make up the muscles that the body uses for movement. (medlineplus.gov)
Cardiac myosin binding protein C: its role in physiology and disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) is a thick filament-associated protein localized to the crossbridge-containing C zones of striated muscle sarcomeres. (ox.ac.uk)
The cardiac isoform is composed of eight immunoglobulin I-like domains and three fibronectin 3-like domains and is known to be a physiological substrate of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. (ox.ac.uk)
Originally thought to have only a structural role, cMyBPC has been shown to play an important role in the regulation of cardiac contractility [ 1 ], for which the N-terminal region of the protein appears to be crucial. (biomedcentral.com)
The gene encoding the cardiac isoform of myosin binding protein-C (cardiac MyBP-C) has recently been assigned to chromosome 11p11.2 and proposed as a candidate FHC gene. (ox.ac.uk)
In several instances, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and myocarditis, the autoimmune disease can be induced experimentally by administering self-antigen in the presence of adjuvant (col- lagen, myelin basic protein, and cardiac myosin, respec- tively) (3). (cdc.gov)
Myosin is the motor protein that drives cardiac muscle contraction and blood circulation. (kent.ac.uk)
Association of cardiac myosin-binding protein-C with the ryanodine receptor channel - putative retrograde regulation? (cardiff.ac.uk)
In fact, myosin is the most highly acetylated protein found to date with 49 acetylated lysine residues 10 . (cytoskeleton.com)
The protein is denoted as MyHC-M, for myosin heavy chain-masticatory. (johnhawks.net)
Paralleling these changes in cardiac function, CeO2 nanoparticle treatment also diminished MCT-induced increases in right ventricular (RV) cardiomyocyte cross sectional area, ß-myosin heavy chain, fibronectin expression, protein nitrosylation, protein carbonylation and cardiac superoxide levels. (cdc.gov)

The measured FRET efficiencies were intermediate between those observed when the donor was attached to the cardiac myosin regulatory light chain in the thick filaments and troponin T in the thin filaments. (kcl.ac.uk)

Absence of cMyBP-C (Mybpc3-targeted knock-out mice) results in severe cardiac hypertrophy, increased heart-weight-to-body-weight-ratios, enlargement of ventricles, increased myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and depressed diastolic and systolic function. (wikipedia.org)
Secondary endocardial fibroelastosis, associated with cardiac malformations, is attributed to the cardiac hypertrophy and consequent imbalance in the myocardial oxygen supply-demand relationship. (medscape.com)

Cardiac MyBP-C is arrayed transversely in sarcomere A-bands and binds myosin heavy chain in thick filaments and titin in elastic filaments. (ox.ac.uk)
Titin activates myosin filaments in skeletal muscle by switching from an extensible spring to a mechanical rectifier. (unifi.it)

Tajsharghi H, Thornell LE, Lindberg C, Lindvall B, Henriksson KG, Oldfors A. Myosin storage myopathy associated with a heterozygous missense mutation in MYH7. (medlineplus.gov)

Omecamtiv mecarbil is a novel cardiac myosin activator, a cardiac myotrope, that has demonstrated to improve cardiac remodeling and systolic function of the heart and decrease heart rate and NT-proBNP levels in patients with HFrEF. (pace-cme.org)
The Global Approach To Lowering Adverse Cardiac Outcomes Through Improving Contractility In Heart Failure (GALACTIC-HF) trial tested whether omecamtiv mecarbil improved clinical outcomes in HFrEF patients compared to placebo. (pace-cme.org)

MyBP-C contributes to thick filament structure via interactions at its C-terminus with the light meromyosin section of the myosin rod and with titin. (ox.ac.uk)

Myosins ( / ˈ m aɪ ə s ᵻ n , - oʊ - / ) comprise a family of ATP -dependent motor proteins and are best known for their role in muscle contraction and their involvement in a wide range of other motility processes in eukaryotes . (wn.com)
Using a broad spectrum anti-acetyl antibody, the researchers determined that one of the acetylated proteins is myosin. (cytoskeleton.com)
Recently, Foster et al 10 reported that in an initial acetylome of porcine heart proteins, 240 proteins were modified on 994 lysine residues with myosin acetylated on many different lysine amino acids. (cytoskeleton.com)

Feric, N. T. & Radisic, M. Maturing human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes in human engineered cardiac tissues. (nature.com)
Given the prominence of myosin as a target for acetylation in cardiomyocytes, further biochemical and functional studies were undertaken. (cytoskeleton.com)

Following the discovery by Pollard and Korn (1973) of enzymes with myosin-like function in Acanthamoeba castellanii , a large number of divergent myosin genes have been discovered throughout eukaryotes. (wn.com)

cMyBP-C appears to act as a brake on cardiac contraction, as loaded shortening, power and cycling kinetics all increase in cMyBP-C knockout mice. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, cMyBP-C contributes to the regulation of cardiac contraction at short sarcomere length and is required for complete relaxation in diastole. (wikipedia.org)
The heart achieves the coordinated contraction of the atrial and ventricular chambers due to the precise timing of the cardiac conduction system (CCS), a specialized complex and heterogeneous network of cells that initiate and allow propagation of action potentials through the heart. (medscape.com)

The cMyBP-C isoform expressed in cardiac muscle differs from those expressed in slow and fast skeletal muscle (MYBPC1 and MYBPC2, respectively) by three features: (1) an additional immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain on the N-terminus, (2) a linker region between the second and third Ig domains, and (3) an additional loop in the sixth Ig domain. (wikipedia.org)
This allows us to consider the extent to which the atrial vs ventricular mechanical characteristics are defined by the myosin isoform expressed, and how the isoform properties are matched to their physiological roles. (cam.ac.uk)

Myosin storage myopathy is a condition that causes muscle weakness (myopathy) that does not worsen or worsens very slowly over time. (medlineplus.gov)
Cardiac β-myosin heavy chain is the major component of the thick filament in muscle cell structures called sarcomeres . (medlineplus.gov)
It is unclear how these changes lead to muscle weakness in people with myosin storage myopathy. (medlineplus.gov)
Expression and function of non-muscle myosin-IIA in Fechtner syndrome]. (nih.gov)
Functional divergence of human cytoplasmic myosin II: kinetic characterization of the non-muscle IIA isoform. (nih.gov)
2. Delineate between the 3 types of muscle (skeletal, cardiac, and smooth)? (fsu.edu)
Slow-twitch skeletal muscle defects accompany cardiac dysfunction in transgenic mice with a mutation in the myosin regulatory light chain. (aurorascientific.com)
To further define the muscle abnormality and to determine if there is scar in the heart a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be recommended, while other tests such as Blood tests, electrocardiogram (EKG), exercise stress echo test and cardiac catheterization may also be recommended. (researchandmarkets.com)
Anisotropic Elasticity of the Myosin Motor in Muscle. (unifi.it)

We report that cardiac MyBP-C is genetically linked to CMH4 and demonstrate a splice donor mutation in one family with FHC and a duplication mutation in a second. (ox.ac.uk)
Karam S, Raboisson MJ, Ducreux C, Chalabreysse L, Millat G, Bozio A, Bouvagnet P: A de novo mutation of the beta cardiac myosin heavy chain gene in an infantile restrictive cardiomyopathy. (karger.com)

cMyBP-C is not essential for sarcomere formation during embryogenesis, but is crucial for sarcomere organization and maintenance of normal cardiac function. (wikipedia.org)
The importance of acetylation has recently been elevated by the utilization of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in pre-clinical research and the treatment of hypertrophic heart disease 6,7 , as well as the discovery of several critical acetylated forms of myosin amino acids that need to be modified in order for the sarcomere to function correctly 8,9 . (cytoskeleton.com)
While studying HDAC inhibitors in cardiac function, Dr. Mahesh Gupta's laboratory showed that acetylation is important for sarcomere function. (cytoskeleton.com)

Here, we sought to determine whether CRL7 modulates to cardiac fibrosis following pressure overload and dissect its underlying mechanisms. (bvsalud.org)
This 'Molecular Perspectives' will highlight several diverse mechanisms of isolated conduction system disease as well as conduction system degeneration associated with other cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. (medscape.com)
Understanding of the molecular and ionic mechanisms underlying cardiac conduction is essential for the appreciation of the pathogenesis of conduction abnormalities in structurally normal and altered hearts. (medscape.com)

In PeerView's latest CME/MOC/NCPD/CPE-certified activity, a panel of experts will present a MasterClass and Practicum on integrating cardiac myosin inhibitors into clinical practice. (hfsa.org)
This activity also looks to the future and reviews the latest evidence for using cardiac myosin inhibitors in nonobstructive disease. (hfsa.org)
Describe the efficacy and safety of cardiac myosin inhibitors, including the ability to reduce eligibility for septal reduction therapy, to address unmet needs among patients with obstructive and non-obstructive HCM. (hfsa.org)

Moreover, the cardiac myosin activator tended to be more beneficial in HFrEF patients with a low LVEF. (pace-cme.org)

Fig. 4: No structural disarray on MYBPC3 -/- cardiac microtissues. (nature.com)

Our findings suggest that MYBPC3 deficiency and the presence of environmental stresses synergistically lead to contractile deficits in cardiac tissues. (nature.com)
Fig. 3: Contractile deficits of MYBPC3 -/- cardiac microtissues. (nature.com)
Fig. 6: Calcium transient abnormalities on MYBPC3 -/- cardiac microtissues. (nature.com)

So far, no therapies for chronic HFrEF that specifically targeted systolic dysfunction have improved cardiac outcome. (pace-cme.org)

Advancing functional engineered cardiac tissues toward a preclinical model of human myocardium. (nature.com)

To this end, power output was measured in rat cardiac myocyte fragments that expressed {approx}12% {alpha}-MyHC and in myocyte fragments that expressed {approx}0% {alpha}-MyHC, as determined in the same cells by SDS-PAGE analysis after mechanical experiments. (umsystem.edu)

Notably, the ventricle expresses predominantly β-cardiac myosin while the atrium expresses mostly the α-isoform. (cam.ac.uk)

Genetic Variations Within METTL16 and Susceptibility to Sudden Cardiac Death in Chinese Populations With Coronary Artery Disease. (cdc.gov)

Additionally, to further elucidate the function of MMGL, we used it as bait to screen a cardiac cDNA library. (biomedcentral.com)
Cardiac mitochondrial function is altered in a variety of inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. (jci.org)
Abnormalities in cardiac conduction can occur due to a variety of factors, including developmental and congenital defects, acquired injury or ischemia of portions of the conduction system, or less commonly due to inherited diseases that alter cardiac conduction system function. (medscape.com)

The normal cardiac impulse of the vertebrate heart originates in the pacemaker cells of the sinoatrial node, located in the right atrium. (medscape.com)

All patients require admission to an intensive care setting, which may involve emergency transfer to the cardiac catheterization suite, critical care transport to a tertiary care center, or internal transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU). (medscape.com)

Consistent with this notion, cMyBP-C knockout mice exhibit an abnormal systolic timecourse, with a shortened elastance timecourse and lower peak elastance in vivo, and an accelerated force development in isolated, skinned cardiac fibers suggesting that cMyBP-C is required to constrain the crossbridges in order to sustain a normal ejection. (wikipedia.org)

The cardiac conduction system can be anatomically, developmentally, and molecularly distinguished from the working myocardium. (medscape.com)

In 2011, Dr. Gupta's laboratory went on to show that an additional HDAC (HDAC3) is associated with cardiac sarcomeres 9 . (cytoskeleton.com)

Three embryonic class II myosin heavy chains (MYHs) were cloned from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio L.), MYH emb1 ,MYH emb2 and MYH emb3 . (biologists.com)

The finding of a common risk factor implicated in South Asian subjects with cardiomyopathy will help in identifying and counseling individuals predisposed to cardiac diseases in this region. (ulster.ac.uk)

Anatomy21

Organisms20

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs63

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care4

Encoding cardiac myosin-binding1

Isoforms7

Actin15

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy12

Beta-myosin heavy1

Mutations11

Inhibitor6

Myocytes1

Phosphorylation10

Protein17

Troponin1

Hypertrophy2

Filaments2

MYH71

Mecarbil2

Titin1

Proteins3

Cardiomyocytes2

Genes1

Contraction3

Isoform expressed2

Muscle9

Mutation2

Sarcomere3

Mechanisms3

Inhibitors3

Activator1

Disarray1

MYBPC33

Dysfunction1

Functional1

MyHC1

Predominantly1

Susceptibility1

Function3

Normal cardiac1

Catheterization1

Fibers1

Myocardium1

Sarcomeres1

Heavy chains1

Diseases1