ParasympatheticNervousAerobic exerciseHypertensive patientsDysfunctionAcuteLeft ventricularConcomitantResistance exercisePathophysiologyNormotensiveArrhythmiasCardiovascularPosturalAdaptationsAdrenergicCerebralPeripheralAthleteIntervalAssessmentPhysiology2016AntihypertensiveMeasurementsInterventionFindingsPatientsAdaptationSymptomsHyperemiaClinicalEnduranceHandgripReviewOxygenationVasoconstrictorEffectsHeart rateBloodSkeletalStimulationEstablishDynamicStudiesYearsOutputConsists
Parasympathetic3
- This complex system is mediated by two major efferent pathways, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which obtain afferent signals from different parts of the body, neurons in the spinal cord and cerebral autonomic centres primarily in the hypothalamus, midbrain and brainstem. (bmj.com)
- The balance of the activities between the sympathetic and parasympathetic autonomic nervous systems is the mark of a good health. (medicalmassage-edu.com)
- Cardiac response to Valsalva maneuvers to test parasympathetic innervation to the heart. (medscape.com)
Nervous8
- The late response was due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation, because this action was not blocked by previous atropinization of the patients, but only by the combined administration of atropine and propranolol. (zona.com)
- heart rate, autonomic nervous system, obesity, child and sympathetic nervous system of health subject headings (MeSH). (bvsalud.org)
- Yuda E, Yoshida Y, Ueda N & Hayano J. Difference in autonomic nervous effect of blue light depending on the angle of incidence on the eye. (hbslab.biz)
- The autonomic nervous system innervates and influences every organ in the body. (bmj.com)
- Non-motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are increasingly being defined and include dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system. (bmj.com)
- 1 This is consistent with the Braak hypothesis suggesting that PD patients have Lewy body pathology in autonomic centres and nerves that include the dorsal motor nucleus of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves, gastrointestinal submucosal plexus and postganglionic sympathetic nervous system, which is present in the pre-motor stage before nigral involvement. (bmj.com)
- The above-mentioned processes are results of over-activity of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. (medicalmassage-edu.com)
- Autonomic testing using the following methods should be performed to assess the severity and parts of the autonomic nervous system that are involved. (medscape.com)
Aerobic exercise2
- Since isometric exercise is not an aerobic exercise, it was not recommended to hypertensive patients by national and international committee guidelines. (zona.com)
- It has been shown that a high-fat diet can decrease aerobic exercise capacity (54). (researchgate.net)
Hypertensive patients3
- Based on these changes, the authors believe that isometric exercise, whether alone or in combination with dynamic exercise, should be recommended to hypertensive patients and be part of a comprehensive treatment regimen. (zona.com)
- Although the hemodynamic effects of dynamic exercise have been well studied, 3 there is limited knowledge regarding the hemodynamic, circulatory, and BP effects of isometric exercise in hypertensive patients. (zona.com)
- Thus, in this concise review, the hemodynamic and circulatory effects of isometric or resistance exercise in hypertensive patients and its merits as complimentary to antihypertensive treatment will be discussed. (zona.com)
Dysfunction8
- Orthostatic intolerance is not always due to autonomic or other compensatory dysfunction and can be due to inadequate responses of compensatory mechanisms to environmental stressors. (medscape.com)
- BFR exercise may be particularly useful for those unable to withstand high mechanical stresses on joints resulting in skeletal muscle dysfunction, such as patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). (e-jer.org)
- Autonomic dysfunction can occur even in the early stages of PD, often preceding the onset of the classic motor symptoms of PD. (bmj.com)
- Detection of autonomic dysfunction may therefore be helpful in diagnosing PD in the early or pre-motor stages, and/or in differentiating it from other parkinsonian disorders, such as multiple system atrophy and progressive supuranuclear palsy. (bmj.com)
- The aim of this review is to describe aspects of autonomic dysfunction, including symptoms, assessment and pathophysiology, resulting from autonomic impairment in PD and other parkinsonian syndromes. (bmj.com)
- Autonomic dysfunction was previously reported in the advanced stage of PD but recent evidence suggests it may occur even in the early stage of PD, independent of medication. (bmj.com)
- 2 These lesions may result in autonomic dysfunction. (bmj.com)
- SPECT and PET scanning may identify cardiac sympathetic dysfunction in both type I and type II diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
Acute4
- Isometric exercise is associated with acute hemodynamic changes consisting of increases in systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure and also an increase in heart rate and cardiac output. (zona.com)
- Under ordinary conditions, acute humoral alterations have little to do with the initial response to standing upright but may play an important role during chronic orthostatic intolerance or relatively late during upright standing. (medscape.com)
- Acute interval isometric handgrip exercise (2 min of exercise at 25% maximum voluntary contraction, followed by 3 min of recovery, repeated for a total of 4 sets) did not improve cerebral endothelial function. (waseda.jp)
- Since the cerebrovascular shear rate did not change during exercise, it is possible that acute handgrip exercise is not sufficient stimulation to improve cerebral endothelial function. (waseda.jp)
Left ventricular1
- Left ventricular wall segment motion after ultra-endurance exercise in humans assessed by myocardial speckle tracking. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Concomitant3
- Recent studies and meta‐analyses of the subject have demonstrated, however, that isometric or resistance exercise does not raise resting blood pressure and frequently leads to a small decrease, which could be enhanced with the concomitant administration of antihypertensive drugs. (zona.com)
- In autonomic neuropathies with concomitant sensory neuropathy, absence of sensory potentials may occur. (medscape.com)
- In autonomic neuropathies with concomitant sensorimotor neuropathy, marked loss of motor and sensory potentials is noted. (medscape.com)
Resistance exercise2
Pathophysiology1
- Since that time there has been intense scientific interest in the study of cardiac adaptation to repetitive bouts of vigorous activity, athletic performance, and the pathophysiology of structural, functional, and electrical cardiac diseases in competitive athletes. (scienceopen.com)
Normotensive4
- The implementation of a home-based isometric wall squat intervention using ratings of perceived exertion to select and control exercise intensity: a pilot study in normotensive and pre-hypertensive adults. (canterbury.ac.uk)
- METHODS: Thirty normotensive and pre-hypertensive adults were randomly assigned to a control group or one of two 4-week home-based IWS intervention groups: the first group conducted IWS exercise where intensity was prescribed and monitored using RPE (RPE-EX), whilst the other used a previously validated HR prescription method (HR-EX). (bvsalud.org)
- 4 - 7 Studies in normotensive young adults have shown that the initial increase in heart rate and BP to an SHG for 3 minutes at 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was due to vagal withdrawal, since this response was blocked with pretreatment with atropine. (zona.com)
- 5 In our studies of normotensive patients, 7 an SHG for 2 minutes at 30% MVC was associated with a rapid rise of heart rate, BP, and cardiac output and no change in peripheral vascular resistance (PVR), as depicted in Figures 1-3 . (zona.com)
Arrhythmias3
- The majority of sudden cardiac death events in athletes are due to ventricular arrhythmias as a result of underlying molecular and/or structural level pathologic substrate. (scienceopen.com)
- In this article, we will review the physiologic cardiac adaptations to exercise along with arrhythmias seen in athletes with a focus on those commonly associated with sudden cardiac death. (scienceopen.com)
- In a patient with hypokalemia (serum potassium level below 3.5 mEq/L), presenting signs and symptoms include muscle weakness and cardiac arrhythmias. (rnpedia.com)
Cardiovascular3
- The exercise pressor reflex (EPR) plays an essential role in cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to physical activity. (ijpp.com)
- [ 1 , 9 ] In this review, we present experiments addressing the issue of interactions between mechano- and metaboreceptors, as well as between EPR and other reflexes involved in cardiovascular control during exercise. (ijpp.com)
- Prior to my appointment as PVC in February 2020 I have previously been Associate Dean for Scholarship, Research and Knowledge Transfer in the Faculty of Science, Head of the Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, interim Director of School of Sport and Exercise Sciences as well as Professor of Exercise and Cardiovascular Physiology. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Postural1
- patients with related diseases cannot remain standing and have detectable autonomic abnormalities in all postural positions. (medscape.com)
Adaptations1
- Delivering clinical studies of exercise in the COVID-19 pandemic: challenges and adaptations using a feasibility trial of isometric exercise to treat hypertension as an exemplar. (canterbury.ac.uk)
Adrenergic1
- Tilt table testing to test adrenergic vasomotor function and cardiac sympathetic function. (medscape.com)
Cerebral2
Peripheral3
- Endurance-based sports activities (e.g., rowing, swimming, cycling, and long-distance running) result in sustained elevations in cardiac output and normal or decreased peripheral vascular resistance, and importantly, impose significant volume challenges to all cardiac chambers and vessels leading away from the heart. (scienceopen.com)
- Strength-based sporting activities (e.g., track and field throwing events, weightlifting, karate/judo, American football) result in a normal or slightly increased cardiac output, an increase in peripheral vascular resistance, and transient hypertension, imposing a significant pressure load on both the left ventricle and the right ventricle. (scienceopen.com)
- 2009) Exercise hyperemia: Partitioning the peripheral and central factors. (utah.edu)
Athlete2
- The occurrence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in an athlete is a tragic event that deeply affects family members, teammates, and at times, an entire community. (scienceopen.com)
- My research focus in recent years has been to support the athlete cardiac pre-participation screening programme at LJMU, undertaking basic research and developing applied service research that has support two REF Impact Case Studies. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Interval1
- Cardiac response to deep breathing and R-R interval to evaluate cardiovagal functions. (medscape.com)
Assessment2
- Assessment of Autonomic Function by Long-Term Heart Rate Variability: Beyond the Classical Framework of LF and HF Measurements. (hbslab.biz)
- Pitfalls of assessment of autonomic function by heart rate variability. (hbslab.biz)
Physiology2
- [ 4 ] Despite their ultimate significance in exercise physiology, there is still no agreement on precise effects and interactions between mechano- and metaboreflex. (ijpp.com)
- I attained my undergraduate degree in Sport Sciences from Liverpool Polytechnic in 1987 then went on to complete an MSc in Exercise Physiology at Queens University Canada (as a Commonwealth Scholar recipient) and my PhD at Manchester Metropolitan University. (ljmu.ac.uk)
Antihypertensive1
- OBJECTIVE: To perform a large-scale pairwise and network meta-analysis on the effects of all relevant exercise training modes on resting blood pressure to establish optimal antihypertensive exercise prescription practices. (bvsalud.org)
Measurements2
- After a 15‐minute supine rest on a tilt table, the control hemodynamic measurements were taken. (zona.com)
- The cardiac output was repeated after an SHG at 30% and MVC for 1 minute before and during the hemodynamic measurements. (zona.com)
Intervention2
- All relevant work reporting reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) following an exercise intervention of ≥2 weeks, with an eligible non-intervention control group, were included. (bvsalud.org)
- Isometric exercise training (IET) is an effective intervention for the management of resting blood pressure (BP). (bvsalud.org)
Findings2
- Some OI findings, such as nausea and sweating pertain directly to autonomic activation. (medscape.com)
- Findings on nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) can be normal in pure autonomic neuropathies because the involved fibers are small myelinated and unmyelinated fibers, which cannot be assessed with NCS or EMG. (medscape.com)
Patients2
- Current literature suggests that BFR training displays similar positive health benefits to exercise training alone for CKD patients, including maintenance of muscle strength, glomerular filtration rate maintenance, uremic parameters, inflammatory profile, redox status, glucose homeostasis, blood pressure adjustments, and low adverse reports. (e-jer.org)
- In this review of nine studies in CKD patients, we clarify the potential safety and health effects of exercise training with BFR compared to exercise training alone and recommend insights for future research and practical use. (e-jer.org)
Adaptation1
- Physiologic adaptation to exercise is dependent on the type of exercise being performed and the degree with which it is performed. (scienceopen.com)
Symptoms1
- Autonomic features, that include constipation, often precede the onset of motor symptoms. (bmj.com)
Hyperemia3
- This study investigated the role of P2 receptors in exercise hyperemia in miniature swine. (researchgate.net)
- Prior work has reported racial differences in exercise hyperemia without a difference in functional sympatholysis (52), highlighting that these outcomes can be dissociated. (researchgate.net)
- 2010) Exercise-induced hyperemia, the impact of age and oxidative stress, University of Verona, Italy. (utah.edu)
Clinical2
- An evidence-based guide to the efficacy and safety of isometric resistance training in hypertension and clinical implications. (canterbury.ac.uk)
- I am also an active supporter of the current Research England grant at LJMU promoting the development of a professional structure/recognition for Clinical Exercise Physiologists (CEP-UK). (ljmu.ac.uk)
Endurance1
- In general, two types of exercise are appreciated: static (strength or isometric) exercise and dynamic (endurance or isotonic) exercise. (scienceopen.com)
Handgrip1
- The immediate response to a sustained handgrip (SHG) is a rise in heart rate and BP. (zona.com)
Review1
- In this review, we briefly summarize experiments focused on the issue of interactions between mechano-, metabo, chemo-, and baroreflex during exercise. (ijpp.com)
Oxygenation3
Vasoconstrictor1
- A single high-fat Western meal transiently reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation at rest but the interaction with sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity during exercise remains unknown. (researchgate.net)
Effects3
- Besides blood pressure, isometric exercise is associated with other beneficial effects consisting of an increase in muscle bulk, upper and lower body strength, increase in bone density, and a decrease in bone fractures. (zona.com)
- Yuda E, Yoshida Y, Ueda N, Kaneko I, Miura Y& Hayano J. Effects of aging on foot pedal responses to visual stimuli. (hbslab.biz)
- Also, changes in such factors may affect resting or tonic responses and thus may influence overall vascular regulation through background effects. (medscape.com)
Heart rate2
- The fear has been that this type of exercise increases blood pressure (BP) and is not a conditioning exercise, like the dynamic exercise, which is a conditioning exercise, and lowers resting BP and heart rate. (zona.com)
- The human body response to such a shocking stress is the "fight or flight" reflex, expressed by a sharp increase in breathing rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and stress hormone production increase. (medicalmassage-edu.com)
Blood4
- PURPOSE: Isometric exercise (IE) and isometric wall squat (IWS) training have been shown to be effective methods of reducing arterial blood pressure. (bvsalud.org)
- instead, the autonomic and other regulatory systems cannot adequately compensate for the loss of circulating blood volume. (medscape.com)
- Combining blood flow restriction (BFR) with exercise is considered a relevant, helpful method in load-compromised individuals and a viable replacement for traditional heavy-load strength training. (e-jer.org)
- FBF (forearm blood flow ) responses to ACh, SNP (sodium nitroprusside) and BQ-123 (ET A receptor blocker) were determined in 14 young. (silverchair.com)
Skeletal4
- Herein, we tested the hypothesis that a single high-fat Western meal would impair the ability of contracting skeletal muscle to offset vascular responsiveness to sympathetic activation during exercise, termed functional sympatholysis. (researchgate.net)
- 2009) Exercise limitation in COPD: The role of skeletal muscle. (utah.edu)
- 2009) Richardson, R.S. (2009) Exercise limitation in COPD: The role of skeletal muscle. (utah.edu)
- 2008) Richardson, R.S. (2008) Skeletal muscle in COPD and CHF as targets for exercise training Exercise in Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norwary. (utah.edu)
Stimulation1
- Influence of yohimbine on response of rabbit pulmonary artery to transmural sympathetic nerve stimulation. (comprehensivephysiology.com)
Establish1
- For a patient in cardiac arrest, the first priority is to establish an airway. (rnpedia.com)
Dynamic1
- Dynamic exercise has been advocated by national and international committees as part of a comprehensive regimen for the treatment of hypertension. (zona.com)
Studies1
- The hemodynamic studies were performed in the morning after an overnight fast without premedication. (zona.com)
Years1
Output2
- The cardiac output, in triplicate, was obtained with 5 mL of indocyanine green (cardiogreen) injected intravenously, followed by 5 mL of normal saline flush. (zona.com)
- These curves were plotted semilogarithmically to calculate the cardiac output per minute. (zona.com)