Carcinoma neoplasms germ cell and embryonal. Medical search. Frequent questions

Seminoma is the most common pure germ cell tumor (GCT) of the testis, accounting for up to 50% of cases. (medscape.com)
1] Among mixed GCTs, seminoma is also commonly present in combination with teratoma, yolk sac tumor, and/or embryonal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Overall, 60% of germ cell neoplasms have seminoma in their composition, but pure seminomas are genetically different from those that present as a component of a mixed tumor. (medscape.com)
Less frequently, a tubular morphology can be seen (see the images below), posing a differential diagnosis with Sertoli cell tumor. (medscape.com)
Tumor markers serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and/or the beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) are elevated in extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Testicular ultrasound: This should be ordered whenever a malignant germ cell tumor is diagnosed to rule out a gonadal primary site. (medscape.com)
The differential diagnosis of a malignant effusion is accordingly broad, especially for the small round blue cell tumors that includes not only mesenchymal tumors, but also non-mesenchymal tumors, such as neuroblastoma and Wilms tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Diagnosing non-epithelial malignancies in effusion specimens based entirely upon their cytomorphologic features is difficult because these neoplasms often exhibit considerable morphological overlap and their cytomorphology can differ from the original tumor. (cytojournal.com)
Serum CA-125, a glycoprotein antigen, has been measured in serum of patients with ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, or nonseminomatous germ-cell tumor of testis. (ox.ac.uk)
In this context, we present a compelling case report of a male patient who was diagnosed with bilateral synchronous germ cell testicular tumors, with one being a seminoma and the other a non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT). (hcahealthcare.com)
We investigated the expression of NS in human germ cell tumors and its function in a mouse germ cell tumor model. (elsevierpure.com)
Analysis of teratomas derived from embryonic stem cells in which the NS promoter drives GFP expression showed that cells highly expressing NS were actively proliferating and exhibited the characteristics of tumor-initiating cells, including the ability to initiate and propagate tumor cells in vivo. (elsevierpure.com)
Spontaneous regression as a 'burned-out' non-seminomatous testicular germ cell tumor. (greenmedinfo.com)
Spontaneous regression of metastatic testicular carcinoma in a patient with bilateral sequential testicular tumor. (greenmedinfo.com)
Stably fluorescence protein (FP) expressing cell clones of colorectal carcinoma and germ cell tumor lines were generated by lentiviral transduction using the FPs eGFP, dsRed2, TurboFP635, and mPlum. (nih.gov)
Histopathological evaluation revealed seminoma of the right testis, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor of the left testis, and metastatic seminoma in the right groin postoperatively. (cancernetwork.com)
However, the smaller the residual mass, the lower the chance that it harbors viable tumor cells. (medscape.com)
Some retroperitoneal extragonadal germ cell tumors may represent metastases from a testicular cancer , with subsequent spontaneous necrosis of the primary tumor. (medscape.com)
76 patients were confirmed germinoma, 29 mixed germ cell tumor, 4 teratoma, 9 malignant teratoma, 6 endodermal sinus tumor, 20 choriocarcinoma and 1 embryonal carcinoma. (researchsquare.com)
Classification of central nervous system germ cell tumors according to the World Health Organization divides them into germinoma and non-germinoma germ cell tumors(NGGCTs), with 6 different types of the latter, which includes teratoma, embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), chorionic epithelioma (also called choriocarcinoma) and mixed germ cell tumors(GCTs) 7 (including above components sometimes teratoma and germinoma as well). (researchsquare.com)
For recent decades, it has been recognized that malignant tumor cells potentially induce local and systemic immunosuppression 9 . (researchsquare.com)
An adult central nervous system tumor is a disease in which abnormal cells form in the tissues of the brain and/or spinal cord. (kaiserpermanente.org)
Brain and spinal cord tumors are named based on the type of cell they formed in and where the tumor first formed in the CNS. (kaiserpermanente.org)
It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
A lesion with cytological characteristics associated with invasive carcinoma but the tumor cells are confined to the epithelium of origin, without invasion of the basement membrane. (lookformedical.com)
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant mixed germ cell tumor that arises from the testis and is characterized by the presence of choriocarcinoma and embryonal carcinoma morphologic components. (nih.gov)
It has many synonyms like endodermal sinus tumor, infantile embryonal carcinoma and orchid blastoma. (planetayurveda.net)
Tumor formation generally start in cells in leydig cells in the testis that normally make male sex hormones. (planetayurveda.net)

Mixed germ cell neoplasm contaning elements of embryonal carcinoma and teratoma (M-9081/3). (ontobee.org)
Clinically and histologically, these are subdivided into seminomas and non-seminomas, the later encompassing somatic and extra-embryonal elements of embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac, choriocarcinoma and teratoma [ 10 ]. (uroweb.org)
Also mature teratoma can transform into neoplasms you don't want to know about, for example, rhabdomyosarcomas for which treatment is difficult at best. (testicularcancersociety.org)
Teratoma most often looks like cells in other parts of the body such as hair, bone, ect. (testicularcancersociety.org)

The 2016 update of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of testicular germ-cell tumors divided them into two broad categories on the basis of whether they are derived from a precursor lesion: germ-cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS). (medscape.com)
METHODS: We tested 43, 19 and 17 consecutive and retrospectively enrolled cases of GCTT, germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) and uninvolved background testes (UBT), respectively. (bvsalud.org)
Most malignant post-pubertal GCTs originate from germ cell neoplasia " in situ " (GCNIS). (uroweb.org)
To explain the origin of occult carcinoma in situ cells, 2 models have been proposed. (medscape.com)
[ 3 ] This abnormality is found in occult carcinoma in situ lesions as well as more advanced disease. (medscape.com)

[ 2 ] Adult germ-cell tumors with malignant potential, such as seminoma and embryonal carcinoma, are not present in prepubertal patients. (medscape.com)
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) is not produced by seminoma cells, and its serum detection usually indicates a nonseminomatous component. (medscape.com)
BACKGROUND: In recent years, several studies investigated the complex process called "reprogramming" of seminoma (S) cells. (bvsalud.org)
The peak incidence is in the third decade of life for non-seminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and mixed GCT patients, and in the fourth decade for seminoma testis (ST) patients. (uroweb.org)
The cells can be seminoma, nonseminoma, or both. (mountsinai.org)
Testicular germ cell tumors are divided into two main types, seminoma and nonseminoma. (cigna.com)

The ovary is made up of three different cell types including epithelial cells, germ cells, and stromal cells. (wikipedia.org)
Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most common type of ovarian cancer, comprising more than 95% of cases. (wikipedia.org)
While most tumors metastatic to the serous membranes are of epithelial origin, cytologists should be aware that non-epithelial neoplasms can also cause malignant effusions including sarcomas, melanomas, germ cell tumors, and, more rarely, brain tumors. (cytojournal.com)
As malignant cells have a tendency to round up in body fluids these non-epithelial neoplasms can therefore mimic reactive mesothelial cells and metastatic adenocarcinoma. (cytojournal.com)
Common non-epithelial neoplasms that may cause malignant effusions include malignant melanoma, sarcomas, and other neoplasms including germ cell tumors [ Figure 1 ]. (cytojournal.com)
4 Malignant effusions caused by non-epithelial neoplasms are more frequently encountered in children than in adults. (cytojournal.com)
A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. (lookformedical.com)
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. (lookformedical.com)
A malignant neoplasm characterized by the formation of numerous, irregular, finger-like projections of fibrous stroma that is covered with a surface layer of neoplastic epithelial cells. (lookformedical.com)
It represents a large group of epithelial lung malignancies which can be divided into two clinical groups: SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER and NON-SMALL-CELL LUNG CARCINOMA . (lookformedical.com)
a painless, slowly growing, mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion characterized histologically by cords of polyhedral epithelial cells, deposits of amyloid , and spherical calcifications. (en-academic.com)
These tumors demonstrate papillary structures with a delicate fibrovascular core lined by columnar or cuboidal epithelial cells with vesicular basal nuclei. (radiopaedia.org)

The most common germ-cell tumors are yolk-sac tumors and teratomas, which were reported by Ross to account for about 62% and 26% of testis tumors, respectively. (medscape.com)
The accepted pathogenetic model is a complex network including SOX2, SOX17, OCT3/4 and PRAME, which modulates the epigenetic transcription of numerous downstream genes and drives a divergent gene expression profile resulting in the transition from pure S (P-S) to S component (S-C) of mixed germ cell tumors of the testis (M-GCTT), and finally to embryonal carcinoma (EC). (bvsalud.org)
A statistically significant association was found between a high level of nuclear expression of MAGE-A2 protein and advanced pT stage (P = 0.022), vascular invasion (P = 0.037), as well as involvement of rete testis (P = 0.022) in embryonal carcinomas. (bvsalud.org)
Intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the testis: a brief review. (nih.gov)
Pathology of germ cell tumors of the testis. (nih.gov)
No other organ of the body is victim to such a wide variety of malignant neoplasms as the testis. (planetayurveda.net)

[ 6 , 7 ] Nistal et al reported frequencies of 49% for yolk-sac tumors, 13% for teratomas, 9% for seminomas and mixed germ-cell tumors, and 29% for sex-cord stromal tumors. (medscape.com)
[ 9 ] A descriptive analysis of prepubertal testicular germ-cell tumors from a large Chinese center cited frequencies of 50.9% for teratomas, 29.2% for yolk-sac tumors, 19.3% for epidermoid cysts, and 0.6% for mixed germ-cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Prepubertal teratomas account for fewer than 30% of testicular germ-cell tumors in children and are uniformly benign. (medscape.com)
Most ovarian germ cell tumors are benign mature teratomas (dermoid cysts). (cigna.com)
Ovarian teratomas are the most common group of ovarian germ cell tumors . (radiopaedia.org)

Seminomas and mixed germ-cell tumors are extremely rare in prepubertal children. (medscape.com)
Most authorities believe that seminomas should be managed as in adults and mixed germ-cell tumors should be treated according to the most malignant subtype present. (medscape.com)
Genetic changes have also been studied in the past few decades, with documentation of aneuploid DNA content in seminomas and intratubular germ cell neoplasia of the unclassified type (IGCNU), the precursor lesion. (medscape.com)
However, GCTs, including seminomas, can occur in extragonadal sites along the midline of the body, following the embryologic migration route of its precursor cells -- the primordial germ cells. (medscape.com)
Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels can occur in seminomas and correlate with syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells seen histologically. (medscape.com)
Sodium/iodide symporter is expressed in the majority of seminomas and embryonal testicular carcinomas. (nih.gov)
These germ cell tumors are divided into seminomas and nonseminomas. (planetayurveda.net)

Serum AFP elevations are seen in yolk-sac tumors and embryonal carcinoma. (medscape.com)
Highly differentiated yolk-sac tumors make up 30% of mediastinal germ cell tumors, providing a possible basis for this association. (medscape.com)

The classic theory suggests that germ cell tumors (GCTs) in these areas are derived from local transformation of primordial germ cells misplaced during embryogenesis. (medscape.com)
METHODS: The search focused on malignant extracranial germ cell tumours (GCTs) in the paediatric population. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
For testicular disease in particular, lymphovascular invasion and certain histopathological subtypes, such as embryonal carcinoma (EC) and mixed malignant GCTs, survival is poorer. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)
abstract = "OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to explore overall survival (OS) and event free survival (EFS) rates internationally over the past two decades and to define specific subgroups with inferior outcomes which may demand different treatment strategies.METHODS: The search focused on malignant extracranial germ cell tumours (GCTs) in the paediatric population. (prinsesmaximacentrum.nl)

The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in tissue composed of squamous elements. (lookformedical.com)

A retrospective review was done on ail high volume choriocarcinomas and other germ cell tumors of men with serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (beta‐HCG) levels greater than 50,000 mIU/ml to determine the incidence and characteristics of hyperthyroidism in this setting. (tau.ac.il)

Extracranial and extragonadal germ cell tumors and melanoma were both significantly decreasing. (cdc.gov)
The only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors, which are characterized by their location on the midline from the pineal gland to the coccyx. (medscape.com)
[ 1 , 2 ] In extragonadal germ cell tumors, no evidence of a primary malignancy is present in either the testes or ovaries by radiologic imaging or physical examination. (medscape.com)
Controversy remains regarding the origin of extragonadal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Literature suggests that the only known risk factor for extragonadal germ cell tumors (EGCTs) is Klinefelter syndrome (47XXY), which is associated with mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)
Extragonadal germ cell tumors produce a rich symptomatology and may reach large volumes if they arise in silent areas. (medscape.com)

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. (lookformedical.com)
neoplastic cells are frequently palisaded at the periphery of the small groups, and the latter have a tendency to infiltrate surrounding tissue . (en-academic.com)

Testicular cancer represents 1% of adult neoplasms and 5% of urological tumours, with three to ten new cases per 100,000 males/per year in Western societies [ 6 ]. (uroweb.org)
At diagnosis, 1-2% are bilateral and 90-95% of cases are germ cell tumours (GCT) [ 6 ]. (uroweb.org)
The treatment of cranial germ cell tumours. (nih.gov)

Spontaneous regression of pulmonary metastases from testicular embryonal carcinoma. (greenmedinfo.com)

NS was expressed concomitantly with OCT3/4, a critical regulator of the undifferentiated status of pluripotent stem cells in primordial germ cells and embryonal carcinomas. (elsevierpure.com)
Neoplasms composed of primordial GERM CELLS of embryonic GONADS or of elements of the germ layers of the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. (sdsu.edu)

Ovarian germ cell tumors are more common in adolescent girls and young women. (cigna.com)

Gonadal germ cell tumors form in the gonads (testicles and ovaries). (cigna.com)
According to this theory, the differences in phenotypes expressed by mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) and gonadal germ cell tumors may be explained by differences in the cellular environment between the gonad and the anterior mediastinum. (medscape.com)

AFP, bhCG, or both are elevated in approximately 85% of extragonadal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)

Cytogenetic analysis of patients with mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) reveals trisomy 8 in 16% of cases and Klinefelter syndrome (XXY) in 14-20% of cases. (medscape.com)
Nonseminomatous mediastinal germ cell tumors (NS-MGCTs) appear as irregular, anterior mediastinal masses, often with extensive, central heterogeneous areas of low attenuation caused by necrosis, hemorrhage, and/or cyst formation. (medscape.com)
Hematologic malignancies are frequently associated with mediastinal germ cell tumors. (medscape.com)

Primary chemotherapy and the role of second-look laparotomy in non-dysgerminomatous germ cell malignancies of the ovary. (umassmed.edu)

The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the gonads or present in an embryo or FETUS. (sdsu.edu)
Extragonadal extracranial germ cell tumors form in areas of the body other than the brain or gonads (testicles and ovaries). (cigna.com)
Germ cell tumors of the gonads: a selective review emphasizing problems in differential diagnosis, newly appreciated, and controversial issues. (nih.gov)

Pregnancy, hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhosis, and hepatitis also may be associated with increased levels of serum AFP. (medscape.com)

There are five main subtypes of ovarian carcinoma, of which high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most common. (wikipedia.org)
However, clinical significance and prognostic value of MAGE-A2 in different histological subtypes of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) have not been explored. (bvsalud.org)

Less common types of ovarian cancer include germ cell tumors and sex cord stromal tumors. (wikipedia.org)
The data presented in this edition of Cancer Incidence in Five The CI5 data include all invasive malignant neoplasms and Continents (CI5) are mainly organised according to anatomical some non-invasive malignant neoplasms For most morphology site However, for some sites, the histological type of cancer codes, a fifth digit /1 or /2 automatically excludes the data entry. (who.int)
Other specified malignant neoplasm (Other specified cancer tumour Other codes are obsolete, ie the entities have been in the previous edition). (who.int)
Once cancer is found, the first step is to determine the type of cancer cell by examining it under a microscope. (mountsinai.org)
Chemotherapy uses medicines to kill cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Extracranial germ cell tumors may be benign (noncancer) or malignant (cancer). (cigna.com)
It comes in different forms attacking cells in the body in different areas of the body and virtually every body part may have its own type of cancer such as colon, lung or brain. (ecancerinsurance.com)
It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer. (lookformedical.com)
Testicular cancer is a condition in which the unusual cell grows out of control in the tissue of one or both of the testes. (planetayurveda.net)
Generally testicular cancer starts with benign neoplasm which then aggressively turns into malignant. (planetayurveda.net)

Neoplasms with which bhCG elevation can be seen are prostate, bladder, ureteral, and renal cancers. (medscape.com)
CONCLUSIONS-- This study reports the novel finding that renal carcinoma rates are increasing among children and adolescents. (cdc.gov)

For information on intracranial (inside the brain) germ cell tumors, see Childhood Central Nervous System Germ Cell Tumors Treatment. (cigna.com)

The main structure of the histological grouping is that Morphology codes specific types of malignant neoplasms are listed as wel as Grouping of morphological codes presents several difficulties. (who.int)
Malignant neoplasms arising in the neuroectoderm, the portion of the ectoderm of the early embryo that gives rise to the central and peripheral nervous systems, including some glial cells. (bvsalud.org)

Pediatric prepubertal testicular tumors are dramatically different from adult neoplasms. (medscape.com)

Suppressed follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in women with gestational trophoblastic neoplasms. (umassmed.edu)

Pineal gland neoplasms are tumors with different and variable morphological, histological, and radiological characteristics and, consequently different diagnosis and management. (encyclopedia.pub)
As summarized in Table 1 , pineal neoplasms are heterogeneous tumors with different histological, morphological, and radiological features and, consequently, different diagnosis and management. (encyclopedia.pub)
2 mitoses are present per 10 high-power field) and, to a lesser degree, histological features distinguish them from atypical choroid plexus papillomas (WHO grade 2) and choroid plexus carcinomas (WHO Grade 3) 7,10 . (radiopaedia.org)

Synchronous bilateral testicular neoplasm is a rare situation, involving about 2% of patients. (cancernetwork.com)

Early published studies have compared positron emission tomography (PET) to CT for the evaluation of patients with newly diagnosed disease or residual germ cell neoplasms after chemotherapy and have suggested that PET may be more sensitive than CT, disease smaller than 0.5 cm was not detected. (medscape.com)
SUMMARY: Left para-aortic lymph node - non seminomatous germ cell tumour showing chemotherapy induced maturation. (testicularcancersociety.org)
Sections show a non seminomatous germ cell tumour exhibiting chemotherapy induced maturation. (testicularcancersociety.org)
The normal sertoli cells generally support and nourish the sperm making germ cells and the same like leydig cells do not respond well to chemotherapy or radiation. (planetayurveda.net)

Pineal tumors, are divided into germ cell tumors, pineal parenchymal tumors and tumors that derive from adjacent structures. (encyclopedia.pub)

This is a single-arm, open-label, multicenter, efficacy, and safety study of pembrolizumab in adult and pediatric participants with previously untreated advanced Merkel Cell Carcinoma (MCC). (msdoncologyclinicaltrials.com)

Anatomy28

Organisms5

Diseases121

Chemicals and Drugs32

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment37

Phenomena and Processes33

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science5

Health Care9

Tumor29

Teratoma4

Situ5

Seminoma6

Epithelial13

Testis6

Teratomas5

Seminomas7

Yolk-sac tumors2

GCTs4

Squamous1

Choriocarcinomas1

Extragonadal germ6

Neoplastic2

Tumours3

Testicular embryonal1

Primordial2

Ovarian germ cell t1

Gonadal germ cell t2

Nonseminomatous germ cell t1

Mediastinal3

Ovary1

Gonads3

Hepatocellular1

Subtypes2

Cancer10

Renal2

Central nervous sys1

Malignant neoplasms2

Adult neoplasms1

Trophoblastic neoplasms1

Histological3

Bilateral testicular1

Chemotherapy4

Tumors are divided1

Merkel Cell Carc1