• UDS activity in the rat liver of the human carcinogens benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, and the rodent carcinogens 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and direct black 38. (cdc.gov)
  • The three most widely used culprits-Yellow 5, Yellow 6 and Red 40-contain compounds, including benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, that research has linked with cancer. (awholehealthlife.com)
  • It has been found that the predictive power of positive Ames test for rodent carcinogenicity is high, ranging from 77% to 90% [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Experimental screening of chemical compounds for biological activity is a time consuming and expensive practice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • related chemical compounds, physical agents (such as radiation) and biological factors (such as viruses). (who.int)
  • Chemical analogues and compounds with biological or physical characteristics similar to those of suspected carcinogens may also be considered, even in the absence of data on a possible carcinogenic effect in humans or experimental animals. (who.int)
  • Formation of the hydroxylamine metabolite is considered the primary pathway to AA carcinogenicity in the target organs (e.g., bladder) (Bryant MS, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • DNA adduct formation pathway through the prediction of potential genotoxic compounds) and detoxification of MeIQx in order to predict the behaviour of this environmental contaminant in the human liver. (peerj.com)
  • In this work, we examined a range of in silico predictive classification models for prediction of mutagenic properties of compounds, including methods such as J48 and SMO which have not previously been widely applied in cheminformatics. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the past two decades high throughput screening (HTS) has provided a large amount of experimental data on compound biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Still, there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • The inadequacy of much of the testing and the evidence for carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, and hypersensitivity, coupled with the fact that dyes do not improve the safety or nutritional quality of foods, indicates that all of the currently used dyes should be removed from the food supply and replaced, if at all, by safer colorings. (awholehealthlife.com)
  • The objective of the programme is to prepare, with the help of international working groups of experts, and to publish in the form of monographs, critical reviews and evaluations of evidence on the carcinogenicity of a wide range of human exposures. (who.int)
  • The aim of the Monographs has been, from their inception, to evaluate evidence of carcinogenicity at any stage in the carcinogenesis process, independently of the underlying mechanisms. (who.int)
  • The evaluations of IARC working groups are scientific, qualitative judgements about the evidence for or against carcinogenicity provided by the available data. (who.int)
  • Topics are selected on the basis of two main criteria: (a) there is evidence of human exposure, and (b) there is some evidence or suspicion of carcinogenicity. (who.int)
  • The Bursi mutagenicity data set containing 4337 compounds (Set 1) and a Benchmark data set of 6512 compounds (Set 2) were taken as input data set in this work. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We have created a new mutagenicity benchmark data set with around 8,000 compounds. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 4 ] assembled a data set of 4337 compounds and derived 29 toxicophores with an error rate of 18% in training set and 15% in a validation test set. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The toxicity profile of AAs is directly related to the amino group's metabolic activation and the generation of the reactive intermediate, forming DNA adducts and potential carcinogenicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • The IARC Monographs are recognized as an authoritative source of information on the carcinogenicity of a wide range of human exposures. (who.int)
  • Intermediate NH2 radicals, forming during the pyrolysis of ammonia during tobacco combustion, may react with aromatic CH groups (from compounds already present in the tobacco leaves) to form the AAs (Patrianakos, C., et. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to both Cd and carcinogenic organic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or aromatic amines (AAs), is a common environmental problem. (nih.gov)
  • The results of the recent IARC Monographs evaluation of the carcinogenicity of some aromatic amines and related compounds have now been published in The Lancet Oncology . (who.int)
  • From 25 May to 12 June 2020, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) convened a working group of 19 scientists from 9 countries to evaluate the carcinogenicity of some aromatic amines and related compounds. (who.int)
  • The classification is based on the similarities of these chemicals to other carcinogenic aromatic amines regarding how they are activated to DNA-binding electrophiles, their genotoxicity, and their target organs of carcinogenicity in chronic animal bioassays. (who.int)
  • This finding is consistent with previous in vitro results that acidic urine hydrolyzes glucuronidated aromatic amines, which enables free compounds to bind DNA. (nih.gov)
  • Quantification of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl adducts in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells dosed with N-hydroxy-4-acetylaminobiphenyl and their relationship to mutation, toxicity, and gene expression profiling. (nih.gov)
  • The study presented here describes the analysis of DNA adducts in the human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line after exposure to N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl, a mutagenic metabolite of 4-aminobiphenyl. (nih.gov)
  • Smoking related carcinogen-DNA adducts in biopsy samples of human urinary bladder: identification of N-(deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-4-aminobiphenyl as a major adduct. (chemchart.com)
  • The carcinogenicity of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl (13394860) (DMAB) and 3-methyl-2-naphthylamine (10546244) (MNA) was investigated in F344-rats, Charles-River-CDF-rats, Syrian-golden- hamsters, and guinea-pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • Treatment with disulfiram (97778) decreased DMAB carcinogenicity in the small intestine in hamsters, while rats developed bladder tumors. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 60 ] Other animal studies provided some evidence of carcinogenicity of MBT in rats but produced equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity in mice. (medscape.com)
  • In the current study, we comprehensively evaluated the general toxicity, genotoxicity, and carcinogenicity of elemicin using gpt delta rats and DNA adductome analysis. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, since it is a known human carcinogen, it has been largely replaced by less toxic compounds in other applications. (chemchart.com)
  • The increased rate of bladder cancer found in this study was confounded by the fact that the workers exposed to the greatest amount of MBT were also exposed to 4-aminobiphenyl (a known bladder carcinogen) during the same period. (medscape.com)
  • This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Still, there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specific radionuclides for which there is sufficient evidence for carcinogenicity to humans are also listed individually as Group 1 agents. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aniline hydrochloride and ortho -anisidine hydrochloride were also classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A) because they are in equilibrium with the parent compounds in the body. (who.int)
  • Aniline was previously evaluated as not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans (Group 3), in IARC Monographs Volume 27, Supplement 7 . (who.int)
  • There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans which indicates a causal relationship between exposure to the agent, substance or mixture and human cancer. (nih.gov)
  • Conclusions regarding carcinogenicity in humans or experimental animals are based on scientific judgment, with consideration given to all relevant information. (nih.gov)
  • For example, there may be substances for which there is evidence of carcinogenicity in laboratory animals but there are compelling data indicating that the agent acts through mechanisms which do not operate in humans and would therefore not reasonably be anticipated to cause cancer in humans. (nih.gov)
  • These lists also do not include substances evaluated as "not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity in humans. (cancer.org)
  • Exceptionally, an agent (mixture) may be placed in this category when evidence of carcinogenicity in humans is less than sufficient but there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals and strong evidence in exposed humans that the agent (mixture) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. (wikidoc.org)
  • There was also sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental animals. (who.int)
  • There is preliminary evidence that dyes based on o-tolidine and o-dianisidine, except for metalized dyes based on o-dianisidine, may be metabolically converted to the parent compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Dyes manufactured from o-dianisidine and o-tolidine may also contain residual amounts of the respective parent compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • Nitrate, which is introduced to the growing tobacco plant through the application of fertilizer, can be converted to ammonia, which, in turn, is converted to other nitrogenous organic compounds such as amino acids. (cdc.gov)
  • IARC) Monographs (www.monographs.iarc.fr) acts through a relevant mechanism of carcinogenicity. (cancer.org)
  • The evaluations of IARC working groups are scientific, qualitative judgements about the evidence for or against carcinogenicity provided by the available data. (who.int)
  • The IARC Monographs are recognized as an authoritative source of information on the carcinogenicity of a wide range of human exposures. (who.int)
  • Formation of the hydroxylamine metabolite is considered the primary pathway to AA carcinogenicity in the target organs (e.g., bladder) (Bryant MS, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • In Salmonella, compounds having a methyl group ortho to the amine were more mutagenic. (cdc.gov)
  • 4-Aminobiphenyl is an amine derivative of biphenyl. (chemchart.com)
  • It should be noted that while MBT-exposed workers without known exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl appeared to have better outcomes, they may have had unknown exposures to 4-aminobiphenyl within the plant. (medscape.com)
  • The objective of the programme is to prepare, with the help of international working groups of experts, and to publish in the form of monographs, critical reviews and evaluations of evidence on the carcinogenicity of a wide range of human exposures. (who.int)
  • The assay has been used to measure the steady-state levels of the adduct in the human TK6 lymphoblastoid cell line as a function of dose (0.5, 1.0, and 10.0 microM) and time (2, 6, and 27 h) after exposure to N-hydroxy-4-aminobiphenyl. (nih.gov)
  • However, in a group of workers with no known exposure to 4-aminobiphenyl, those who had known MBT exposure did tend to have an increased risk of bladder cancer with cumulative MBT exposure ( p = .04). (medscape.com)
  • Cr(VI) exposure is strongly associated with a higher incidence of human lung cancer, but the mechanism of Cr(VI) carcinogenicity remains unclear. (nih.gov)
  • Topics are selected on the basis of two main criteria: (a) there is evidence of human exposure, and (b) there is some evidence or suspicion of carcinogenicity. (who.int)
  • AAS are present in mainstream and side stream tobacco smoke, with the latter containing up to thirty times as much 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP) as mainstream smoke (Bryant MS, et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, the phase distributions of compounds differ between mainstream smoke and ETS. (druglibrary.net)
  • The aim of the Monographs has been, from their inception, to evaluate evidence of carcinogenicity at any stage in the carcinogenesis process, independently of the underlying mechanisms. (who.int)
  • Intermediate NH2 radicals, forming during the pyrolysis of ammonia during tobacco combustion, may react with aromatic CH groups (from compounds already present in the tobacco leaves) to form the AAs (Patrianakos, C., et. (cdc.gov)
  • Get chemical information updates for 4-Aminobiphenyl sent to your email. (chemchart.com)
  • related chemical compounds, physical agents (such as radiation) and biological factors (such as viruses). (who.int)
  • This evaluation applies to the group of compounds as a whole and not necessarily to all individual compounds within the group. (wikidoc.org)
  • Due to the reactivity and wide use of mercapto compounds, the toxic potential of mercapto compounds has been scrutinized. (medscape.com)