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HaptensAcyl Carrier ProteinCarrier ProteinsVaccines, ConjugateHemocyaninFatty Acid Synthase, Type IIDiphtheria Toxoid3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) SynthaseSerum Albumin, BovinePantetheinePolysaccharides, BacterialImmunizationAcyl-Carrier Protein S-MalonyltransferaseSerum AlbuminEnoyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) Reductase (NADH)Bacterial VaccinesAntibody FormationMolecular Sequence DataCarrier StateAntibodies, BacterialAmino Acid Sequence3-Oxoacyl-(Acyl-Carrier-Protein) ReductaseEscherichia coliTransferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)Immunoglobulin GTriclosanAcyltransferasesPolyketide SynthasesCarbon-Sulfur LigasesDrug CarriersFatty Acid SynthasesFatty AcidsReduced Folate Carrier ProteinBacterial ProteinsCoenzyme AKineticsThiolester HydrolasesCloning, MolecularBase SequenceMembrane Transport ProteinsEnoyl-(Acyl-Carrier Protein) Reductase (NADPH, B-Specific)Sequence Homology, Amino AcidSubstrate SpecificityLigasesCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesModels, MolecularAcylationHeterozygote DetectionMitochondrial ADP, ATP TranslocasesBiotinMutationProtein ConformationAcetyl-CoA C-AcetyltransferasePeptide SynthasesAcetyl-CoA CarboxylaseCeruleninBinding SitesPantothenic AcidProtein BindingHeterozygoteMalonyl Coenzyme ACarboxyl and Carbamoyl TransferasesRecombinant ProteinsGalactosidesMalonatesProtein Structure, TertiaryBiological TransportEscherichia coli ProteinsCrystallography, X-RayDinitrophenolsStreptomycesApoproteinsAntibodiesUbiquitin-Conjugating EnzymesDinitrobenzenesMolecular WeightProton-Coupled Folate TransporterStructure-Activity RelationshipAcetyl Coenzyme AHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelMultienzyme ComplexesCatalysisSequence AlignmentGenetic Complementation TestCoriandrumMitochondriaPlant ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsDermatitis, ContactOxidoreductasesMitochondrial ProteinsCell MembraneAntibody SpecificityEpitopesSymportersDNA PrimersPlantsDicarboxylic Acid TransportersSterols

AntibodiesConjugationAminoPeptidesAntibodyImmunogenicMolecularTargetsWidelyKeyholeCoupling reactionGroupsPrimaryFormAdditionAntibody productionConjugateCarbodiimideCovalentlyAntigensImmune responseBovineHighApplicationsSolutionEfficientVarietyAbilitySizeEffectiveProducts

Antibodies4

• Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used extensively as a carrier protein in the production of antibodies for research, biotechnology and therapeutic applications. (wikipedia.org)
• Its large size and numerous epitopes generate a substantial immune response, and abundance of lysine residues for coupling haptens allows a high hapten:carrier protein ratio, increasing the likelihood of generating hapten-specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
• Thorpe, (1985) "Antibody Carriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review," in Monoclonal Antibodies '84: Biological And Clinical Applications, A. Pinchera et al (ed.s), pp. 475-506). (justia.com)
• Some cytotoxic drugs tend to be inactive or less active when conjugated to large antibodies or protein receptor ligands. (justia.com)

Conjugation1

• The molecule contains amino group, now I wanted to couple the molecule with a carrier molecule (BSA / KLH ) by conjugation. (bio.net)

Amino4

• I came to know there are some protocols available to couple with glutaraldehyde and EDC for combine the amino as well as carboxyl groups respectively. (bio.net)
• Both encode large glycosylated proteins consisting of around 3400 amino acids and a molecular weight of around 390,000 Daltons, excluding the glycosylation. (wikipedia.org)
• Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. (lookformedical.com)
• Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins. (lookformedical.com)

Peptides7

• A crucial step in using peptides as antigens is their coupling to carrier proteins. (gbiosciences.com)
• The carrier proteins, once coupled to the peptides, provide these additional motifs and generate a strong antibody response. (gbiosciences.com)
• The carrier proteins are coupled to haptens, including peptides and small proteins, with the use of protein cross-linkers. (gbiosciences.com)
• ActiveHOOK™ carrier proteins have been pre-activated with the heterobifunctional protein cross linker sulfoSMCC and therefore are ready for the addition of cysteine containing peptides or proteins for a simple one step reaction. (gbiosciences.com)
• The ActiveHOOK™ BSA rapidly couples to free sulfhydryl groups on peptides and proteins. (gbiosciences.com)
• Keyhole limpet hemocyanin is a widely used carrier protein due to its large molecular mass (4.5x105-1.3x107Da aggregates) and large number of primary amines that can react with cross-linkers for the coupling of peptides. (gbiosciences.com)
• Haptens are substances with a low molecular weight such as peptides, small proteins and drug molecules that are generally not immunogenic and require the aid of a carrier protein to stimulate a response from the immune system in the form of antibody production. (wikipedia.org)

Antibody1

• Drug moieties used in antibody drug conjugates include bacterial protein toxins such as diphtheria toxin, plant protein toxins such as ricin, small molecules such as auristatins, geldanamycin (Mandler et al (2000) J. of the Nat. (justia.com)

Immunogenic2

• The KLH protein is potently immunogenic, but does not cause an adverse immune response in humans. (wikipedia.org)
• Aggregates remain immunogenic, but limit the ability to conjugate haptens, and are difficult to manipulate in the laboratory. (wikipedia.org)

Molecular1

• The devices and kits include one or more associators specific for molecular targets, such as microRNAs and proteins and peptide fragments thereof. (justia.com)

Targets1

• These include our costumers' specific requirements for the end products, the availability of functional groups in the targets (e.g., amines, carboxyls and sulfhydryls), and the lengh and type of linkers preferred. (imgenbiosciences.com)

Widely1

• KLH is the most widely employed carrier protein for this purpose. (wikipedia.org)

Keyhole1

• There are two keyhole limpet hemocyanin genes, termed KLH1 and KLH2 which share around 60% identity at the protein level. (wikipedia.org)

Coupling reaction1

• Dear sir, This is koteswara rao , I am facing the problem of coupling reaction as well as identification of the hapten + protien coupling. (bio.net)

Groups1

• In addition, we offer HyperCarrier ™ , a cationized BSA that has been treated with ethylene diamine, which substitutes anionic carboxyl groups with cationic aminoethyl-amide groups. (gbiosciences.com)

Primary2

• A simple one-step coupling can be performed using the carbodiimide crosslinker EDC to covalently attach carboxyls to primary amines. (wikipedia.org)
• This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. (lookformedical.com)

Form1

• The protein oligomerises to form a barrel shaped didecameric complex which is composed of 20 monomers. (wikipedia.org)

Addition1

• In addition, because KLH is derived from the limpet, a gastropod, it is phylogenetically distant from mammalian proteins, thus reducing false positives in immunologically-based research techniques in mammalian model organisms. (wikipedia.org)

Antibody production4

• Consequently, BSA is a popular carrier protein for conjugation to haptens and other weak antigens to make them more immunogenic for antibody production. (aatbio.com)
• This ReadiLink™ BSA Conjugation kit is primarily optimized for the simple preparation of hapten-carrier conjugates for immunization and antibody production. (aatbio.com)
• The resulting conjugate is used for eliciting an immune response and antibody production against the hapten. (aatbio.com)
• Haptens are substances with a low molecular weight such as peptides, small proteins and drug molecules that are generally not immunogenic and require the aid of a carrier protein to stimulate a response from the immune system in the form of antibody production. (wikipedia.org)

Conjugate4

• Purify the conjugate by desalting to remove non-reacted crosslinker and protein preservative (e.g., sodium azide). (aatbio.com)
• The Hapten-BSA conjugate can now be used for immunization. (aatbio.com)
• If the Hapten-BSA conjugate is to be stored for more than a few days, sterile filter the conjugate, and store at 4 °C or -20 °C. (aatbio.com)
• Aggregates remain immunogenic, but limit the ability to conjugate haptens, and are difficult to manipulate in the laboratory. (wikipedia.org)

Carbodiimide3

• The ReadiLink™ BSA Conjugation kit is one-step conjugation of a hapten to a carrier protein using the carboxyl-reactive carbodiimide as the crosslinker. (aatbio.com)
• These kits contain BSA formulated in buffers compatible with the carboxyl-reactive carbodiimide reactions and desalt spin columns, which offer exceptional protein recovery by simple centrifugation step. (aatbio.com)
• A simple one-step coupling can be performed using the carbodiimide crosslinker EDC to covalently attach carboxyls to primary amines. (wikipedia.org)

Covalently1

• Dye ligand chromatography is affinity chromatography that utilizes covalently bond textile dye (reactive dyes) to purify proteins. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Antigens1

• The present invention relates to the production of novel synthetic antigens based upon information derived from DNA and/or protein sequences and to the use of those antigens in the production of vaccines, diagnostic reagents, and the like. (justia.com)

Immune response1

• Its large size and numerous epitopes generate a substantial immune response, and abundance of lysine residues for coupling haptens allows a high hapten:carrier protein ratio, increasing the likelihood of generating hapten-specific antibodies. (wikipedia.org)

Bovine1

• Bovine serum albumin (BSA) is a serum albumin protein that has numerous biochemical applications including ELISAs (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), immunoblots, and immunohistochemistry. (aatbio.com)

High1

• The protein Avidin has an extremely high affinity for the cofactor Biotin (Kdiss 10-15M). (sigmaaldrich.com)

Applications1

• Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) is used extensively as a carrier protein in the production of antibodies for research, biotechnology and therapeutic applications. (wikipedia.org)

Solution4

• Add the 450 µL hapten solution into the 200 µL BSA solution to have Hapten-BSA mixture solution. (aatbio.com)
• Add the Hapten-BSA solution into one vial of EDC (10mg) (Component C), dissolve it by gentle mixing. (aatbio.com)
• If the protein becomes denatured or if the copper ions are lost in the purification process, the opalescent blue color disappears and the solution becomes a dull grayish color. (wikipedia.org)
• Denaturation of KLH also results in a tendency of the protein to aggregate and precipitate from solution. (wikipedia.org)

Efficient2

• Using a molar excess of hapten over carrier protein ensures efficient conjugation. (aatbio.com)
• Each is designed for highly specific and efficient purification of proteins and related compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Variety2

• The following protocol is a general protocol for a wide variety of haptens. (aatbio.com)
• Immobilized sugars and sugar derivatives offer an effective means of purification for a variety of proteins, which recognize and bind carbohydrate moieties. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Ability1

• Lectins are the proteins that have the ability to bind to sugar moieties and agglutinate cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Size1

• Optimize the protocol accordingly for the conjugation efficiencies upon the size and structure of your hapten. (aatbio.com)

Effective1

• KLH is an effective carrier protein for several reasons. (wikipedia.org)

Products1

• Examples of such products include insulin and human blood protein fractions such as factor VIII. (justia.com)