InhibitorsInhibitionInhibitorIsozymes of carbonic anhydraseInhibits carbonic anhydraseEnzymeMonoclonal AntibodyBicarbonate ionsInhibitory activityCAIXSynthesisHydrationHumanActivatorsIsoenzymesProteinPharmacologyCarbon dioxide and waterCAIIMitochondrialCatalyzesCatalyticMammalianDeficiencySolubleZinc ionSecretionMammalsActivationGenesIntraocular pressureAcidActivityAdenocarcinomaSyndrome
Inhibitors16
- Inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase are used to treat glaucoma, the excessive build-up of water in the eyes. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (eg, acetazolamide) and loop diuretics (eg, furosemide) are thought to exert their effect on ICP by reducing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production at the choroid plexus. (medscape.com)
- The method is suitable for estimating the activity of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and for their determination in biological material. (aspetjournals.org)
- This paper describes the use of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to screen two libraries of soluble compounds to search for tight binding inhibitors for carbonic anhydrase II (EC 4.2.1.1). (figshare.com)
- Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors have been proposed as a potential treatment for gaseous exophthalmia in fish by modifying gas exchange between the pseudobranch and the eye. (vin.com)
- 1,8 However, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors may cause buoyancy disorders through their effects on swim bladder function, 3 and there are some anecdotal reports of fatal treatment outcomes, though fish may have been compromised by systemic disease prior to treatment. (vin.com)
- One mechanism by which carbonic anhydrase inhibitors could cause adverse effects in fish is by inducing plasma electrolyte imbalances, as has been reported in alewife. (vin.com)
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitors are active over a number of CA isozymes. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- 2013) Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: synthesis and inhibition of the human carbonic anhydrase isoforms I, II, VII, IX and XII with benzene sulfonamides incorporating 4,5,6,7-tetrabromophthalimide moiety. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- In this paper we have represented "Three Dimensional Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship" study to characterize structural features of Sulfamide derivative [RRNSO2NH2] as inhibitors, that are required for selective binding of carbonic anhydrase isozymes (CAI and CAII). (eurekaselect.com)
- I had a look at the hits on PDB, and a huge number are of inhibitors of CA. I searched for 'Carbonic Hydrase Inhibitors' and found a short piece on this topic on NCBI Bookshelf that starts: 'Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are a medication used to manage and treat glaucoma, idiopathic intracranial hypertension, altitude sickness, congestive heart failure, and epilepsy, among other diseases. (stackexchange.com)
- Topical β-blockers, topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs), and prostaglandin analogues are reasonable first-line agents in children. (aao.org)
- These compounds were very effective inhibitors (low nanomolar) of the human mitochondrial carbonic anhydrase isozymes VA and VB. (edu.au)
- A series of sulfenimide derivatives (1a-i) were investigated as inhibitors of human (hCA-I, hCA-II) and bovine (bCA) carbonic anhydrase enzymes. (ogu.edu.tr)
- Results of our study will make valuable contributions to carbonic anhydrase inhibition studies for further investigations since inhibitors of this enzyme are important molecules for medicinal chemistry. (ogu.edu.tr)
- Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. (medscape.com)
Inhibition5
- The nature of carbonic anhydrase inhibition by aromatic sulfonamides is briefly discussed, as it may relate to certain variables in the analytical method. (aspetjournals.org)
- Due to characteristic physicochemical properties of sulphonamide (Inhibition of Carbonic Anhydrase), they are clinically effective against glaucoma. (eurekaselect.com)
- In this research, we determined the inhibition property of rosmarinic acid on carbonic anhydrase isoenzymes I and II (hCA I and II) puri ed from human erythrocytes by using Sepharose-4B a nity column chromatography. (gumushane.edu.tr)
- U-104 is a potent carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor for CA IX and CA XII with K i of 45.1 nM and 4.5 nM, respectively, very low inhibition for CA I and CA II. (abmole.com)
- A class of compounds that reduces the secretion of H+ ions by the proximal kidney tubule through inhibition of CARBONIC ANHYDRASES. (bvsalud.org)
Inhibitor12
- 2 We hypothesized that 1) IOPs would differ between fish species, 2) the ophthalmic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide (Trusopt®) would reduce intraocular pressure in normal eyes, and 3) IOPs of exophthalmic eyes would differ from normal eyes. (vin.com)
- A single application of the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor did not reduce IOP at either 4 h or 24 h, but neither were any adverse effects of treatment noted by visual examination or plasma electrolytes. (vin.com)
- Inhibitor (green) bound in the active site of carbonic anhydrase. (rcsb.org)
- Dorzolamide HCl is a water-soluble, potent inhibitor of human carbonic anhydrase II and IV with Ki of 1.9 nM and 31 nM, respectively, used as anti-glaucoma agent. (abmole.com)
- Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX inhibitor with an IC50 of 30 nM. (abmole.com)
- Dichlorphenamide is a sulfonamide and a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor of the meta-Disulfamoylbenzene class. (abmole.com)
- Tioxolone is a metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase I inhibitor with a Ki of 91 nM. (abmole.com)
- Methazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor with K i of 50 nM, 14 nM and 36 nM for hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV isoforms, respectively. (abmole.com)
- Ethoxzolamide is an inhibitor of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase, which inhibits hCA I, hCA II, hCA IV, hCA VI and hCA VII with K i of 25 nM, 8 nM, 93 nM, 43 nM and 0.8 nM, respectively. (abmole.com)
- hCAI/II-IN-6 is an orally active human carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitor. (abmole.com)
- Sultiame is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, widely used as an antiepileptic agent. (abmole.com)
- Benzenesulfonamide ia an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrases. (abmole.com)
Isozymes of carbonic anhydrase2
- The protein encoded by this gene is one of several isozymes of carbonic anhydrase, which catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (nih.gov)
- CA2 is one of several (at least 7) isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. (thermofisher.com)
Inhibits carbonic anhydrase2
- Reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reducing hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubule and increasing renal excretion of sodium, potassium bicarbonate, and water to decrease production of aqueous humor. (medscape.com)
- Fluorometholone acetate potently inhibits carbonic anhydrase (CA) with IC50s of 2.18 μM and 17.5 μM for hCA-I and hCA-II, respectively. (abmole.com)
Enzyme14
- Carbonic anhydrase is a very ancient enzyme found in both domains of prokaryotes that exists in six different classes among most of the living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase is one important enzyme that is found in red blood cells, gastric mucosa, pancreatic cells, and even renal tubules. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues. (medscape.com)
- Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
- In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
- And in the middle of that process our tiny protagonist, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, makes its wonder. (phylomedb.org)
- This seems surprising to me, as carbonic anhydrase is a zinc-containing enzyme which catalyses a really simple reaction, and doesn't seem to be part of any key signalling pathways. (stackexchange.com)
- An enzyme present in red blood cells, carbonic anhydrase, aids in the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and bicarbonate ions. (rcsb.org)
- Although these reactions can occur even without the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase can increase the rate of these conversions up to a million fold. (rcsb.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase is an enzyme that assists rapid inter-conversion of carbon dioxide and water into carbonic acid, protons and bicarbonate ions. (rcsb.org)
- This ancient enzyme has three distinct classes (called alpha, beta and gamma carbonic anhydrase). (rcsb.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase from mammals belong to the alpha class, the plant enzymes belong to the beta class, while the enzyme from methane-producing archaea that grow in hot springs forms the gamma class. (rcsb.org)
- Since this enzyme produces and uses protons and bicarbonate ions, carbonic anhydrase plays a key role in the regulation of pH and fluid balance in different parts of our body. (rcsb.org)
- This radiolabeled monoclonal antibody from Telix Pharmaceuticals targets carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme that regulates cell proliferation and is highly expressed in many tumor types. (medscape.com)
Monoclonal Antibody3
- The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase II Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ARC1451) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-38188, RRID AB_2898105. (thermofisher.com)
- Samples were incubated with Carbonic Anhydrase II Monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-38188) using a dilution of 1:1,000, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at a dilution of 1:10,000. (thermofisher.com)
- Girentuximab (G250) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), a cell surface glycoprotein ubiquitously expressed in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). (abmole.com)
Bicarbonate ions3
- Relating the Bohr effect to carbonic anhydrase is simple: carbonic anhydrase speeds up the reaction of carbon dioxide reacting with water to produce hydrogen ions (protons) and bicarbonate ions. (wikipedia.org)
- By slowing the formation of bicarbonate ions with subsequent reduction in sodium and fluid transport, may inhibit carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary processes of the eye. (medscape.com)
- In both land and water plants, carbonic anhydrase plays a role in converting bicarbonate ions back to carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. (rcsb.org)
Inhibitory activity1
- Overview of analysis favours substituents with high electronegativity and less bulk at R and R positions of the parent nucleus, provides a basis to design new Sulfamide derivatives possessing potent and selective carbonic anhydrase-II inhibitory activity. (eurekaselect.com)
CAIX1
- Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is a membrane-associated carbonic anhydrase (CA), strongly induced by hypoxia. (ox.ac.uk)
Synthesis1
- Thyroxine modifies expressions of KSPG synthesis and carbonic anhydrase genes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Hydration5
- Carbonic anhydrase is critical to hemoglobin function via the Bohr effect which catalyzes the hydration of carbon dioxide to form carbonic acid and rapidly dissociate into water. (wikipedia.org)
- These carbonic anhydrases are a class of metalloenzymes that catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide and are differentially expressed in a number of cell types. (nih.gov)
- Carbonic anhydrase, a zinc metalloenzyme, catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (rcsb.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (thermofisher.com)
- Found in virtually all living organisms and ubiquitous throughout human tissues, carbonic anhydrases catalyze the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate. (sandra.black)
Human9
- Mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of middle-aged vs. aged vastus lateralis reveals increased levels of carbonic anhydrase isoform 3 in senescent human skeletal muscle. (nih.gov)
- Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. (nih.gov)
- More than 100 distinct human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) 3D structures have been generated in last 3 decades [Liljas A, et al. (rcsb.org)
- Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes has been used as a pI (isoelectric point) marker in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Carbonic Anhydrase I from human erythrocytes is a protein which is used as a standard pI (isoelectric point) marker for isoelectric focussing experiments. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 161-260 of human Carbonic Anhydrase II. (thermofisher.com)
- I've been looking through PDB - the Protein Data Bank - and I noticed that the protein with the most structures is human carbonic anhydrase II ( UniProt: P00918 ), with over a thousand X-ray structures. (stackexchange.com)
- Role of carbonic anhydrase IX in human tumor cell growth, survival, and invasion. (ox.ac.uk)
- Proton Transfer in A THR200HIS Mutant of Human Carbonic Anhydrase II Proteins V. 61 239 2005 . (atomistry.com)
Activators4
- In the presence of carbonic anhydrase activators, comicrostimulation of cholinergic inputs from stratum oriens and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inputs from stratum pyramidale at low intensities switched the hyperpolarizing GABA-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic potentials to depolarizing responses. (aspetjournals.org)
- Intralateral ventricular administration of these same carbonic anhydrase activators caused the rats to exhibit superior learning of the Morris water maze task, suggesting that the GABAergic synaptic switch is critical for gating the synaptic plasticity that underlies spatial memory formation. (aspetjournals.org)
- 3. Tanini D, Capperucci A, Supuran CT, Angeli A. (2019) Sulfur, selenium and tellurium containing amines act as effective carbonic anhydrase activators. (guidetopharmacology.org)
- 2006) Carbonic anhydrase activators. (guidetopharmacology.org)
Isoenzymes1
- Four isoenzymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA) were purified from Elephas Irogontherii (steppe elephant) bone (approx 0.3-0.5 million years old) from different locations (outer peripheral, cytosolic, inner peripheral and integral) using Sepharose 4B-L-tyrosine sulphanilamide affinity chromatography and their kinetics properties were investigated and compared with known CA isoenzymes. (elephant-news.com)
Protein5
- Hiroshi Miyamoto , Fumiko Miyoshi , and Jun Kohno "The Carbonic Anhydrase Domain Protein Nacrein is Expressed in the Epithelial Cells of the Mantle and Acts as a Negative Regulator in Calcification in the Mollusc Pinctada fucata ," Zoological Science 22(3), 311-315, (1 March 2005). (bioone.org)
- Carbonic anhydrase is not an obscure protein. (phylomedb.org)
- Why are there so many carbonic anhydrase structures in the Protein Data Bank? (stackexchange.com)
- Carbonic Anhydrase VA encoded by the CA5A gene is a mitochondrial protein (2, 3). (bio-techne.com)
- For a deeper look at carbonic anhydrase from a genomic perspective, please visit the Protein of the Month feature at the European Bioinformatics Institute. (rcsb.org)
Pharmacology1
- Increased carbonic anhydrase activity might, therefore, also enhance perception, processing, and storing of temporally associated relevant signals and represents an important therapeutic target in learning and memory pharmacology. (aspetjournals.org)
Carbon dioxide and water1
- The carbonic anhydrases (or carbonate dehydratases) (EC 4.2.1.1) form a family of enzymes that catalyze the interconversion between carbon dioxide and water and the dissociated ions of carbonic acid (i.e. bicarbonate and hydrogen ions). (wikipedia.org)
CAII1
- Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) supports tumor blood endothelial cell survival under lactic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
Mitochondrial1
- Mitochondrial carbonic anhydrases are potential targets for anti-obesity therapies, acting to reduce lipogenesis through a novel mechanism of action. (edu.au)
Catalyzes2
- It catalyzes a reversible reaction whereby carbon dioxide becomes hydrated and carbonic acid becomes dehydrated. (medscape.com)
- Carbonic Anhydrase catalyzes the reversible reaction of CO 2 + H 2 O = HCO 3 - + H + , which is fundamental to many processes such as respiration, renal tubular acidification and bone resorption (1). (bio-techne.com)
Catalytic1
- Carbonic anhydrase was initially found in the red blood cells of cows in 1933 and was simultaneously discovered by Rougton in Cambridge and Meldrum in Philadelphia who were searching for a catalytic factor. (wikipedia.org)
Mammalian2
- The main form for eggshell formation in chicken is carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAH2), that, as it happens with their mammalian homologs, is also required for bone mineralization and general carbonate homeostasis. (phylomedb.org)
- Mammalian carbonic anhydrases occur in about 10 slightly different forms depending upon the tissue or cellular compartment they are located in. (rcsb.org)
Deficiency1
- A, p.W123X) linked to carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Chinese family. (nih.gov)
Soluble2
- Carbonic anhydrase prevents both the pH drop caused by high soluble carbon dioxide and the formation of solid precipitates in the body fluids of vertebrates, but it also uses that same principle to precipitate calcium carbonate in the eggshell. (phylomedb.org)
- While most carbonic anhydrase isozymes are soluble and secreted, some are bound to the membranes of specific epithelial cells. (rcsb.org)
Zinc ion1
- The active site of most carbonic anhydrases contains a zinc ion. (wikipedia.org)
Secretion1
- Therefore, carbonic anhydrase helps with the H+ secretion into the lumen of the kidney renal tubule and the reabsorption of HCO3- in the kidneys. (wikipedia.org)
Mammals2
- Class one being alpha carbonic anhydrase which is found in mammals, class two being beta carbonic anhydrase which is found in bacteria and plants and lastly, class three which is gamma carbonic anhydrase which is found in methanogen bacteria in hot springs. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread metalloenzymes all over the phylogenetic tree, with 16 different isoforms present in mammals. (pharmadvances.com)
Activation1
- The first activation study of a η-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) is reported. (unifi.it)
Genes1
- Carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) is a member of a multigene family (at least six separate genes are known) that encodes carbonic anhydrase isozymes. (nih.gov)
Intraocular pressure1
- Carbonic Anhydrase-II is an excellent approach in reducing elevated intraocular pressure, thus treating glaucoma. (eurekaselect.com)
Acid4
- Carbonic anhydrase helps maintain acid-base homeostasis, regulate pH, and fluid balance. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, carbonic anhydrase produces acid in the stomach lining. (wikipedia.org)
- The main role of carbonic anhydrase in humans is to catalyze the conversion of carbon dioxide to carbonic acid and back again. (wikipedia.org)
- Carbon dioxide diffuses out of cells and is transported in blood in a few different ways: less than 10% dissolves in the blood plasma, about 20% binds to hemoglobin, while the majority of it (70%) is converted to carbonic acid to be carried to the lungs. (rcsb.org)
Activity1
- This paper presents a systematic literature review on a biocementation pathway, which uses the carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity of microorganisms that sequester CO2 to produce biocement. (lsbu.ac.uk)
Adenocarcinoma2
- Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Expressing Carbonic Anhydrase IX. (bvsalud.org)
- Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy whose carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) expression remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
Syndrome1
- Anti-carbonic anhydrase III autoantibodies in vasculitis syndrome. (nih.gov)