AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
Carbonic Anhydrase IICarbonic AnhydrasesCarbonic Anhydrase InhibitorsCarbonic Anhydrase IIIEthoxzolamideAcetazolamideCarbonic Anhydrase ICarbonic Anhydrase IVMethazolamideAcidosis, Renal TubularOsteopetrosisBicarbonatesBenzolamideCarbon DioxideCarbonic AcidIsoenzymesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationDansyl CompoundsSodium-Bicarbonate SymportersZincCrystallography, X-RayModels, MolecularHistidineProtonsKineticsCatalysisCatalytic DomainPancreatitis, AlcoholicProtein DenaturationAnion Exchange Protein 1, ErythrocyteProtein ConformationCarbonic Anhydrase VSulfonamidesEsterasesAcroleinOncogene Proteins v-erbAWaterHydrogen BondingErythrocytesBinding SitesProtein FoldingCattleAntiportersEnzyme StabilityMolecular Sequence Data
InhibitorsRenal tubularHydration of carbon dioxideIsoformsIsozymesInhibition studiesDeficiency syndromeIsoenzymesHumanSynthesisReversibleEnzymeCAIIOsteopetrosisCharacterizationIntracellularMonoclonal AntibodyAbstractProteinCyanamideProximal tubuleAcetazolamideCarbonHomoSodium-bicarbonateMechanism1991ComplexesZincMutationSulfonamideGenesPrimaryBiolConcentrationChemStructuresAutosomal recessiveStructuralConcentrations
Inhibitors6
  • This paper describes the use of electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to screen two libraries of soluble compounds to search for tight binding inhibitors for carbonic anhydrase II (EC 4.2.1.1). (figshare.com)
  • Medications used to decrease aqueous production include beta-blockers (topical), carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (topical and/or oral), and alpha 2-agonists. (medscape.com)
  • Hydroxamate Represents A Versatile Zinc Binding Group For the Development of New Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. (atomistry.com)
  • The p-toluensulfonate, the methylsulfonate, and the chlorhydrate monohydrate salts of Hats were evaluated as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors (CAIs) and as anticonvulsants and diuretics, since many CAIs are clinically used as pharmacological agents. (conicet.gov.ar)
  • Structural aspects of isozyme selectivity in the binding of inhibitors to carbonic anhydrases II and IV. (proteopedia.org)
  • Comment: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) and salicylates inhibit each other's renal tubular secretion, resulting in increased plasma levels. (medscape.com)
Renal tubular3
  • A distinct form of osteopetrosis occurs in association with renal tubular acidosis and cerebral calcification due to carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme II deficiency. (medscape.com)
  • also known as osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis, carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome, Guibaud-Vainsel syndrome or marble brain disease. (proteopedia.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome (osteopetrosis with renal tubular acidosis and brain calcification): novel mutations in CA2 identified by direct sequencing expand the opportunity for genotype-phenotype correlation. (proteopedia.org)
Hydration of carbon dioxide4
Isoforms3
  • Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Inhibition of various human carbonic anhydrase isoforms (I, II, IX and XII) was tested with the 'cold', non-radiolabelled complexes, and compared with an acetazolamide standard (AZA). (bath.ac.uk)
  • The human (h) isoforms hCA I, II, IV, VII, IX, and XII were inhibited in their micromolar range by these salts, whereas pathogenic beta and gamma CAs showed similar, weak inhibitory profiles. (conicet.gov.ar)
Isozymes1
  • CA2 is one of several (at least 7) isozymes of carbonic anhydrase. (thermofisher.com)
Inhibition studies2
  • Characterization, bioinformatic analysis and dithiocarbamate inhibition studies of two new α-carbonic anhydrases, CAH1 and CAH2, from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. (unifi.it)
  • Characterization, bioinformatic analysis and dithiocarbamate inhibition studies of two new α-carbonic anhydrases, CAH1 and CAH2, from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster / L. Syrjänen;M. E. E;M. Hilvo;D. Vullo;F. Carta;C. T. Supuran;S. Parkkila. (unifi.it)
Deficiency syndrome2
  • A, p.W123X) linked to carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome in a Chinese family. (nih.gov)
  • Seven novel mutations in carbonic anhydrase II deficiency syndrome identified by SSCP and direct sequencing analysis. (proteopedia.org)
Isoenzymes1
Human9
  • Carbonic anhydrase II (gene name CA2), is one of sixteen forms of human α carbonic anhydrases. (wikipedia.org)
  • Immunohistochemical localization of human carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme C.". Histochemistry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Primary structure of human carbonic anhydrase C." J. Biol. (wikipedia.org)
  • Study of glycation process of human carbonic anhydrase II as well as investigation concerning inhibitory influence of 3-beta-hydroxybutyrate on it. (nih.gov)
  • A synthetic peptide corresponding to amino acids 161-260 of human Carbonic Anhydrase II. (thermofisher.com)
  • More than 100 distinct human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) 3D structures have been generated in last 3 decades [Liljas A, et al. (rcsb.org)
  • Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
  • In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • Functionalization of the foldamers by a nanomolar ligand of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCA) ensured that they would be held in close proximity to the protein surface. (proteopedia.org)
Synthesis1
  • Thyroxine modifies expressions of KSPG synthesis and carbonic anhydrase genes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Reversible3
Enzyme3
  • Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II) is a cytosolic, single-chain, approximately 29 kDa enzyme. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Among tested compounds, bis-(5-nitro-2 furaldehydemethanesulfonylhydrazone) copper(II) chloride was found to be the most active complex on CA I isoenzyme with IC50 value of 7.03 x 10(-5) M. The enzyme inhibition trends of copper(II) sulfonamides on CA I isoenzyme were also investigated by CV and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) techniques, qualitatively. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • This radiolabeled monoclonal antibody from Telix Pharmaceuticals targets carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), an enzyme that regulates cell proliferation and is highly expressed in many tumor types. (medscape.com)
CAII1
  • Carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAII) supports tumor blood endothelial cell survival under lactic acidosis in the tumor microenvironment. (nih.gov)
Osteopetrosis2
  • Loss of carbonic anhydrase activity in bones impairs the ability of osteoclasts to promote bone resorption, leading to osteopetrosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The classification of osteopetrosis shown above is purely clinical and must be supplemented by the molecular insights gained from animal models (see Table 2, in Etiology). (medscape.com)
Characterization2
  • Carbonic Anhydrase II bovine has been used as a control in native gel electrophoresis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy characterization of Thalassiosira weissflogii carbonic anhydrase 1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Molecular characterization and gene expression of lhcb5 gene encoding CP26 in the light-harvesting complex II of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (bio.net)
Intracellular2
  • Carbon Dioxide Sensing by Immune Cells Occurs through Carbonic Anhydrase 2-Dependent Changes in Intracellular pH. (nih.gov)
  • Regulation of the expressions of HCO3- uptake and intracellular carbonic anhydrase in response to CO2 concentration in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum sp. (bio.net)
Monoclonal Antibody2
  • The following product was used in this experiment: Carbonic Anhydrase II Recombinant Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (ARC1451) from Thermo Fisher Scientific, catalog # MA5-38188, RRID AB_2898105. (thermofisher.com)
  • Samples were incubated with Carbonic Anhydrase II Monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-38188) using a dilution of 1:1,000, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at a dilution of 1:10,000. (thermofisher.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Carbonic anhydrase IX (CA IX) is currently generating great interest as a marker of tumour hypoxia and a potential chemotherapeutic target. (bath.ac.uk)
Protein6
  • Product C7749, Bovine carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), has been widely used as a model protein in the investigation of the protein folding process. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Lyophilized proteins are stable for up to 12 months when stored at -20 to -80°C. Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-8°C for 2-7 days. (assaygenie.com)
  • a 31 kDa protein band was determined which reacted with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for rat CA-II in Western blot analysis. (openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com)
  • The immunoreactive 31 kDa CA-II protein was detected and quantified by laser scanner densitometry using 125 I-rProtein A as a tracer. (openrespiratorymedicinejournal.com)
  • Background Carbonic anhydrase (CA) IX is normally a surface-expressed protein that's upregulated from the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) and represents a prototypic tumor-associated antigen that's overexpressed about renal cell carcinoma (RCC). (monossabios.com)
  • ER protein determinations were performed using two-thirds of all breast cancers are ER at the time of diagnosis, the standard methods in the routine clinical laboratory (9). (lu.se)
Cyanamide1
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes cyanamide hydration to urea: is it mimicking the physiological reaction? (proteopedia.org)
Proximal tubule2
  • Renal carbonic anhydrase allows the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions in the proximal tubule. (wikipedia.org)
  • A distinctive feature of type II pRTA is that it is nonprogressing, and when the serum bicarbonate is reduced to approximately 15 mEq/L, a new transport maximum for bicarbonate is established and the proximal tubule is able to reabsorb all of the filtered bicarbonate. (medscape.com)
Acetazolamide2
  • Synthesized copper(II) complexes have also sulfonamide group which is the most important pharmacophore for CA inhibition efficiency like acetazolamide (AAZ) as positive control. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • Both are highly active enzymes for the CO(2) hydration reaction, being efficiently inhibited by acetazolamide. (unifi.it)
Carbon3
  • Figure 1-figure supplement 2 demonstrates that the operon beginning with acRAF indeed encodes a functional inorganic carbon transporter. (elifesciences.org)
  • As HCO 3 − can diffuse through the proteinaceous carboxysome shell but CO 2 cannot 5 , carbonic anhydrase generates high concentrations of CO 2 for carbon fixation by Rubisco 6 . (nature.com)
  • The reference range of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2 ) of arterial blood is 35-45 mm Hg. (medscape.com)
Homo1
  • 4lp6 is a 2 chain structure with sequence from Homo sapiens . (proteopedia.org)
Sodium-bicarbonate1
  • and sodium-potassium ATPase transporter (ATP1A1), sodium-bicarbonate transporter (NBC), and carbonic anhydrase II (CA2) increased 5- to 10-fold. (unboundmedicine.com)
Mechanism1
  • As it relies only on the well-founded assumption that catalysis with CO 2 and O 2 substrates are mutually exclusive, this mechanism should function for any rubisco. (elifesciences.org)
19911
  • Furthermore, the CO 2 concentration inside the leaf is typically measured to be lower than ambient due to a balance of stomatal conductance and CO 2 fixation by rubisco itself ( Caemmerer and Evans, 1991 ). (elifesciences.org)
Complexes4
  • Here, we report previously undescribed structures of HCAII:CO(2) and HCAII:HCO(3)(-) complexes, together with a 3D molecular film of the enzymatic reaction observed successively in the same crystal after extended exposure to X-ray. (rcsb.org)
  • In our present study, copper(II) sulfonamide complexes titled as bis-(2 acetylfuranmethanesulfonylhydrazone) copper(II) chloride, bis-(2-furaldehydemethanesulfonylhydrazone)copper(II) chloride and bis-(5-nitro-2 furaldehydemethanesulfonylhydrazone)copper(II) chloride were synthesized using aromatic sulfonylhydrazones derived from methane sulfonic acid hydrazide. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • In order to gain insight into the structure of the copper(II) complexes, computational studies were performed by using DFT/B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) basis set with the Gaussian 09 program package. (gazi.edu.tr)
  • The carbonic anhydrase I (CA I) inhibition of copper(II) complexes which goes on competitively was determined by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer technique, and their inhibition parameters such as K-m, IC50 and K-i were calculated. (gazi.edu.tr)
Zinc3
  • Carbonic anhydrases are metalloenzymes since most active sites contain zinc. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In the CO 2 -hydration direction, the first step of catalysis is the conversion of CO 2 into HCO 3 − via the nucleophilic attack of a zinc-bound hydroxide. (iucr.org)
  • The second step involves the transfer of a proton from the zinc-bound water to bulk solvent, regenerating the zinc-bound hydroxide (equation 2, where B stands for a general base: either a water or a proton-shuttling residue). (iucr.org)
Mutation1
  • A single missense mutation allows AE1 to mediate both electrogenic SO 4 2- -Cl - exchange or electroneutral, H + -independent SO 4 2- -SO 4 2- exchange ( Alper 2006 ). (tcdb.org)
Sulfonamide1
  • Three salts of 5-amino-2-sulfonamide-1,3,4-thiadiazole (Hats) were prepared and characterized by physico-chemical methods. (conicet.gov.ar)
Genes1
  • Total RNA from tumors the expression of thousands of genes (3) to address complex questions was isolated using two successive rounds of Trizol. (lu.se)
Primary4
  • Primary Duodenal Adenocarcinoma Expressing Carbonic Anhydrase IX. (bvsalud.org)
  • Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma is a rare malignancy whose carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) expression remains poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
  • The primary outcomes in the phase 2 part of the study include circulating-tumor DNA (ctDNA) clearance or ctDNA recurrence-free survival 6 months after randomization among patients with detectable ctDNA status at randomization. (medscape.com)
  • A 3-step approach is used to assess the acid-base disorder: (1) establishment of a primary disturbance, (2) determination of the serum anion gap, and (3) evaluation of compensation. (medscape.com)
Biol1
  • 1972) Nat New Biol 235:131-137], but a structure of an HCAII in complex with CO(2) or HCO(3)(-) has remained elusive. (rcsb.org)
Concentration1
  • KCl activates phospholipase D at two different concentration ranges: Distinguishing between hyperosmotic stress and membrane depolarization. (bio.net)
Chem1
  • Anmäl er till eftersitsen senast måndagen den 20/2 genom e-mail till anita.hoang ´at´ chem.lu.se. (lu.se)
Structures1
  • The structures of copper(II) sulfonamides were determined by using LC-MS, FT-IR and UV-Vis methods, magnetism and conductivity measurements, and also electrochemical studies. (gazi.edu.tr)
Autosomal recessive1
  • The disorder occurs in two forms: a severe autosomal recessive form occurring in utero, infancy, or childhood, and a benign autosomal dominant form occurring in adolescence or adulthood. (proteopedia.org)
Structural3
  • Firstly, structural analysis is performed on the crystallographic intermediate states of native CA II and its V143I variant. (iucr.org)
  • The structural comparison shows that the binding affinities and configurations of the substrate (CO 2 ) and product (HCO 3 − ) are altered in the V143I variant and the water network in the water-replenishment pathway is restructured, while the proton-transfer pathway remains mostly unaffected. (iucr.org)
  • This structural information is then used to estimate the modifications of the reaction rate constants and the corresponding free-energy profiles of CA II catalysis. (iucr.org)
Concentrations1
  • As such, Form II rubiscos do not perform well in ambient CO 2 and O 2 concentrations. (elifesciences.org)