• He wanted to know how saccharin might affect the enzyme, carbonic anhydrase IX, which is found in aggressive cancers. (scienceblog.com)
  • This reaction is accelerated by carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme present in high concentrations in red blood cells. (europa.eu)
  • Here, a systematic approach to investigate the effect of an active-site-residue mutation on a model enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), is described. (iucr.org)
  • In this study, we describe the effect of a single amino-acid variation on a prototypical enzyme, human carbonic anhydrase II (CA II), by correlating its high-resolution reaction-intermediate structures with the measured kinetic parameters. (iucr.org)
  • It is a constituent of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (medicregister.com)
  • inhibit enzyme carbonic anhydrase in tubule wall cells. (freezingblue.com)
  • And in the middle of that process our tiny protagonist, the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, makes its wonder. (phylomedb.org)
  • Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is an enzyme found in many tissues of the body, including the eye. (medscape.com)
  • Reduces rate of aqueous humor formation by inhibiting enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which results in decreased IOP. (medscape.com)
  • CA9 is a membrane-tethered, carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme, expressed mainly at the external surface of cells, that catalyzes reversible CO(2) hydration. (unifi.it)
  • The rapid and direct inter-conversion of dissolved CO2 and bicarbonate ion is catalyzed by the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. (drsircus.com)
  • Current efforts to capture and store carbon dioxide from power plants involve either pumping it underground or using an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase to convert it to calcium carbonate. (yale.edu)
  • Other studies on CCS mineralisation have used the enzyme carbonic anhydrase, which works in a similar way to nickel nanoparticles. (chemistryworld.com)
  • The main groups include sodium channel blockers, calcium current inhibitors, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) enhancers, glutamate blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, hormones, and drugs with unknown mechanisms of action (see the image below). (medscape.com)
  • a useful adjunctive agent that is additive to the effects of beta-blockers, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, or sympathomimetics. (medscape.com)
  • 6. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors did not affect fluid secretion rates (except when supramaximal doses of ACh were used to evoke secretion) but they did cause a large reduction in salivary HCO3- output. (edu.au)
  • Carbonic anhydrase catalyzes reversible hydration of carbon dioxide. (thermofisher.com)
  • Carbon dioxide from the tissues diffuses rapidly into red blood cells, where it is hydrated with water to form carbonic acid. (europa.eu)
  • Carbonic anhydrase prevents both the pH drop caused by high soluble carbon dioxide and the formation of solid precipitates in the body fluids of vertebrates, but it also uses that same principle to precipitate calcium carbonate in the eggshell. (phylomedb.org)
  • The reversible reaction it catalyzes involves the hydration of carbon dioxide and the dehydration of carbonic acid. (medscape.com)
  • In vivo experiments were carried out to determine the relative effects of carbonic anhydrase (CA) infusion or inhibition on carbon dioxide (CO2) transport and acid-base status in the arterial and venous blood of sea lampreys recovering from exhaustive exercise. (researcher.life)
  • The calculated arterial and venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2) and the total CO2 concentration in whole blood (CCO2wb) and red blood cells (CCO2rbc) during recovery in the acetazolamide-infused lampreys were also significantly greater than those values in the saline-infused control lampreys. (researcher.life)
  • Carbon dioxide is present in the blood in a number of forms such as bicarbonate, dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonic acid, of which 90% is bicarbonate or HCO3. (drsircus.com)
  • Gaurav Bhaduri and Lidija Šiller at the University of Newcastle, UK have discovered that nickel nanoparticles can catalyse the hydration reaction that turns CO 2 in water into carbonic acid - a crucial step for separating CO 2 for the mineralisation process. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Regulation of the expressions of HCO3- uptake and intracellular carbonic anhydrase in response to CO2 concentration in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum sp. (bio.net)
  • Since the ratio of H2CO3to dissolved CO2is constant at equilibrium, pH may be expressed in terms of bicarbonate ion concentration and partial pressure of CO2by means of the Henderson-Hasselbach equation: pH = pk + log[HCO3 -]/aPCO2 The blood plasma of man normally has a pH of 7.40. (europa.eu)
  • 2. Variation of extracellular HCO3- concentration between 12.5 and 50.0 mmol/l was without effect on salivary flow rate or on Na+ and K+ excretion, even though salivary HCO3- (and Cl-) content altered with changes in the extracellular concentration of the two anions. (edu.au)
  • Acetate entered the saliva in concentrations comparable to those seen for HCO3- in control experiments. (edu.au)
  • A major challenge facing carbonate precipitation is performing the reaction at low temperatures and low partial pressures of CO 2 (p CO 2 ) such as 25 °C and CO 2 flue gas concentration. (rsc.org)
  • In this work, we investigated the effect of carbonic anhydrase (CA) to favor magnesium (Mg) carbonate precipitation at low temperatures and low p CO 2 . (rsc.org)
  • Present in erythrocytes and blood plasma, its job is to keep the proper concentrations of carbonate ion in the body fluids. (phylomedb.org)
  • The main form for eggshell formation in chicken is carbonic anhydrase 2 (CAH2), that, as it happens with their mammalian homologs, is also required for bone mineralization and general carbonate homeostasis. (phylomedb.org)
  • The next step, Šiller says, would be to mineralise carbonic acid to environmentally friendly solid minerals including magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate and dolomite, which could be used as a building material. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Methazolamide's inhibitory action on carbonic anhydrase decreases the secretion of aqueous humor and results in a decrease in intraocular pressure. (nih.gov)
  • Reversibly inhibits carbonic anhydrase, reducing hydrogen ion secretion at renal tubules and increases renal excretion of sodium, potassium bicarbonate, and water to decrease production of aqueous humor. (medscape.com)
  • Methazolamide is a potent inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. (nih.gov)
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitor diurectic drugs. (freezingblue.com)
  • Avoid coadministration of trilaciclib (OCT2, MATE1, and MATE-2K inhibitor) with substrates where minimal increased concentration in kidney or blood may lead to serious or life-threatening toxicities. (medscape.com)
  • To this end, we have selected several proteins (α-lactalbumin, apomyoglobin, carbonic anhydrase, staphylococcal nuclease, and cytochrome c) and examined them at different conditions where they exist in different partially folded conformations (pH, temperature, salt concentrations, presence of cofactors). (usf.edu)
  • Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths. (unifi.it)
  • Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase 9 spatially coordinates intracellular pH in three-dimensional multicellular growths / P. Swietach;S. Wigfield;P. Cobden;C. T. Supuran;A. L. Harris;R. D. Vaughan-Jones. (unifi.it)
  • As HCO 3 − can diffuse through the proteinaceous carboxysome shell but CO 2 cannot 5 , carbonic anhydrase generates high concentrations of CO 2 for carbon fixation by Rubisco 6 . (nature.com)
  • Cyanobacteria have evolved a unique carbon fixation organelle known as the carboxysome that compartmentalizes the enzymes RuBisCO and carbonic anhydrase. (doe.gov)
  • KCl activates phospholipase D at two different concentration ranges: Distinguishing between hyperosmotic stress and membrane depolarization. (bio.net)
  • Data are not available regarding percentage of dose as unchanged drug and metabolites, concentration of the drug in body fluids, degree of uptake by a particular organ or in the fetus, or passage across the blood-brain barrier. (nih.gov)
  • Saliva in SS is characterized by the increased concentration of lactoferrin, potassium and cystatin C and the decreased concentration of amylase, carbonic anhydrase, mucins, histatines, IgA, statherins, proline-rich proteins, and the loss of salivary buffer properties. (intechopen.com)
  • CBC1/CBC2 redundantly stimulate stomatal opening by inhibition of S-type anion channels in response to both BL and low concentrations of CO 2 . (nature.com)
  • Its principal effect on cardiac tissue is concentration-dependent inhibition of transmembrane influx of extracellular sodium ions via fast sodium channels, which decreases the maximal rate of depolarization of phase 0 of the action potential by combining with fast sodium channels in their inactive state and inhibiting recovery after repolarization (slowly attach to and dissociate from transmembrane sodium channels similar to other antiarrhythmic agents in class IC). (medscape.com)
  • The HFS train evoked a rapid GABA A -mediated bicarbonate-dependent increase in the extracellular K + concentration ([K + ] o ), and the GDPSP followed the K + transient in a sub-Nernstian manner. (jneurosci.org)
  • They made the discovery after they found high concentrations of nickel ions on the surface of sea urchin larvae, suggesting that nickel plays a role in forming the sea urchin's exoskeleton. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Our data suggests that A. viridis regulates its internal trace element concentrations by compartmentalization and excretion and that these features contribute to its resilience and potential success at the trace element-rich high p CO 2 vent. (peerj.com)
  • Although methazolamide achieves a high concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid, it is not considered an effective anticonvulsant. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms of high-concentration zinc chloride exposure include dyspnea, cough, pleuritic chest pain, bilateral diffuse infiltrations, pneumothorax, and acute pneumonitis, resulting from respiratory tract irritation. (cdc.gov)
  • Scientists from Newcastle University were studying how marine organisms absorb CO2 to make shells and skeletons when they discovered that sea urchin larvae have a high concentration of nickel on their exoskeletons, which helps them absorb CO2. (yale.edu)
  • High concentrations of carbonic anhydrase are found in the roots of Osedax. (wikipedia.org)
  • When metformin is implicated as the cause of lactic acidosis, metformin plasma concentrations more than 5 mcg/mL are generally found. (pdr.net)
  • The CO 2 vent found at Levante Bay (Vulcano, NE Sicily, Italy) also releases high concentrations of trace elements to its surrounding seawater, and is therefore a unique site to examine the effects of long-term exposure of nearby organisms to high p CO 2 and trace element enrichment in situ . (peerj.com)
  • We found dramatic changes in trace element tissue concentrations between the high p CO 2 /high trace element and control sites, with strong accumulation of iron, lead, copper and cobalt, but decreased concentrations of cadmium, zinc and arsenic proximate to the vent. (peerj.com)
  • The zinc content of the adult human body ranges from 1.4 to 2.5 grams, with the highest concentrations in the bone, liver, kidney, pancreas and muscle tissue. (medicregister.com)
  • Meat products contain relatively high concentrations of zinc, whereas fruits and vegetables have relatively low concentrations. (cdc.gov)
  • Zinc is an essential nutrient for humans and animals that is necessary for the function of a large number of metalloenzymes, including alcohol dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, carbonic anhydrase, leucine aminopeptidase, and superoxide dismutase. (cdc.gov)
  • Acute experimental exposures of humans to lower concentrations of zinc oxide (14 mg/m3 for 8 hours or 45 mg zinc/m3 for 20 minutes) and occupational exposures to low concentrations of zinc (8-12 mg zinc/m3 for 1-3 hours and 0.034 mg zinc/m3 for 6-8 hours) did not produce symptoms of metal fume fever. (cdc.gov)
  • This is caused by an increased affinity of the drug to erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase. (nih.gov)
  • Samples were incubated with Carbonic Anhydrase II Monoclonal antibody (Product # MA5-38188) using a dilution of 1:1,000, followed by HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) at a dilution of 1:10,000. (thermofisher.com)
  • Samples, including standards of known target protein concentrations and unknowns are pipetted into these wells. (bestbreakinnovation.com)
  • The intensity of this colored product is directly proportional to the concentration of target protein present in the samples. (bestbreakinnovation.com)
  • But both methods are expensive, and the Newcastle researchers say that using nickel to capture and store CO2 bubbled through water could be a thousand times cheaper than employing carbonic anhydrase. (yale.edu)
  • Regulation of calcium homeostasis involves the immediate adjustments required to maintain a constant free plasma calcium concentration on a minute-to-minute basis. (powershow.com)
  • Targeting carbonic anhydrase IX is also an attractive option because it's not expressed in most other cells throughout the body, meaning that healthy tissue should remain unaffected even as cancer cells are weakened, McKenna said. (scienceblog.com)
  • Peak plasma concentrations are observed 1 to 2 hours after dosing. (nih.gov)
  • Peak plasma concentrations (C max ) for the 25 mg, 50 mg and 100 mg bid regimens were 2.5 mcg/mL, 5.1 mcg/mL, and 10.7 mcg/mL, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • The peak flecainide plasma concentration is generally reached within 2-3 hours. (medscape.com)
  • AIHA ERPG-2 (maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all persons could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair their abilities to take protective action) = 25 ppm. (cdc.gov)
  • The area under the plasma concentration-time curves (AUC) was 1130 mcg.min/mL, 2571 mcg.min/mL, and 5418 mcg.min/mL for the 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg dosage regimens, respectively. (nih.gov)
  • Urinary elimination of electrolytes in response to treatments was evaluated, together with changes in concentrations of creatinine, urea, aldosterone, glucose and albumin in urine and plasma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Trough plasma concentrations are 0.2-1 µg/mL in most patients successfully treated with flecainide. (medscape.com)
  • Rifabutin, rifampin, and tetracycline might reduce plasma concentrations of atovaquone and should not be used concurrently with atovaquone-proguanil. (cdc.gov)
  • remain inactive in body increases concentration of the filtrates. (freezingblue.com)